GATE-2021 GATE QUESTION PAPER 2021 (GENERAL APTITUDE (QUESTION 1-10) @. 1-@. 5 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry one mark each (for each wrong answer: -1/3). @.1. Which of the following sentences are grammatically CORRECT? i Arun and Apama are hi {iL Arun's families is here. ji, Arun and Apama is here. i, Arun's family is here. (A) () ane (i (3) () ona (i) (©) i ana (ivy (2) (i ancl tiv) Ans. B Q.2 The minor image of the text shown in the figure about the X-axis is ~ PHATVxIe PHYLAXIS « BHAPVXI2 x « dHATVXI2 » BHATYXIS Ans. B @3. Two identical cube shaped dice each with faces numbered 1 fo 6 are rolled simultaneously. The probability that an even number is rolled out on each dice is: (A) 1736 (3) 1/2 os (ovis Ans. D Explanation: The probobilty of getting an even number at the first dice i 1/2 (As the probability of even = the probability of odd = 1/2). Similarly, the probability of getting an even number at the second dice Is 1/2 (As the probability of even = the probability of oda = 1/2). When two events are independent, {he probability of both occurring is the product of the probabilifies of the individual events: P(A and B) = P(A)+P(B) Here, probabilty that an even number is rolled out on each dice = % x is = 1/4 @4.@ and © are two operators on numbers p and q such that, P@q=p-aandp@aq=pxq Then, (90 (67) (7 (6O5))= [a] 40 (8) -26 ()-33 (0) -40 Ans. D Explanation: Putting the actual values of the operators as per the given information, the given equation will, (916 x7) = (7 x (6-51) = (9-42) — (7 x1) = 40Architect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate Q5 Four persons P, @, R and S ate to be seated in a row. R should not be seated at the second position from the left end of the row. The number of distinct seating arrangements possible is. (als (3)9 (jie (0) 24 ‘As per the condition, *R” can occupy only 1st, 3rd & 4th position from the left end of the row. Thus, there ore 3 orangements for ‘R’ for not fo occupy 2nd position from the left end The other persons ie. P, Q and § can be arranged by 3i Ways. ie. 3x 2x1 = 6 ways Thus, total number of distinct onongements possible = 3x6 (8 ways. 4-10 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), camry WO marks each (for each wrong answer: -2/3). @6. On a planar field, you travelled 3 units East from a point . Next, you travelled 4 units South to arrive at Point P. Then you travelled from P in the North- East direction such that you arrive at a point that is 6 units East of point ©. Next, you travelled in the North-West direction, so that ‘you arrive at point @ that is 8 units North of point P. ‘The distance of point @ to point O, in the same units, should be (a3 (cs P (8) 4 (0) 6 Ans. c Explanation: From the given information, the diagram can be drawn as shown adjacent figure. @7. the author said, “Musicians rehearse before thelr concerts. Actors rehearse thelr roles before the opening of a new play. On the other hand, | find it strange that many public speakers think they can just walk on to the stage ‘and start speaking. in my opinion, itis no less important for public speakers to rehearse their talks.’ Based on the above passage, which one of the following is TRUE? [A] The author is of the opinion that rehearsing is important for musicians, actors and public speakess. [B) The author is of the opinion that rehearsing is less important for public speakers than for musicians and actors. [C) The author is of the opinion that rehearsing is more important only for musicians than public speakers. [D] The author i of the opinion that reheersal is more impoxtant for actors than musicians. Ans. A 8. 1. Some football players play cricket. 2. All cricket players play hockey. Among the options given below, the statement that logically follows from the two statements 1 and 2 above, Is: [A] No football player plays hockey. (B) Some football players play hockey. [C) Al football ployers play hockey. [0] All hockey players play football Ans: B 21GATE-2021 @9. In the figure shown adjacent, PQRS is « square. The shaded portion is formed by the intersection of sectors of circles with radius equal to the side of the squat and centers at $£Q. ‘The probability that any point picked randomly within the square falls in the shaded area is [Al 4=(n2) (C) (m/2}-1 (8) 1/72 (oy r/4 Ans.¢ Explanation: Draw the hypotenuse of the square (PR) which will divide the square in two equal ight-angled triangles 12. POR cand PSR. Also, the sectors having radius as 'r' are 1/4 part of circle. Thus, ofea of sector= me 4 ‘Area of shaded regio’ 1X (Area of Sector — Area of ight-ongled triangle) =x (me Ixrxe) 4 2 =e (n= 2 2 Aso, rea of square = sder= Thus, probability that any point picked randomly within the square = Area of shaded region fols in the shaded aea ‘Area of square seln-2x l= o-1 a @.10. In an equilateral triangle PQR, side PQ Is divided into four equal pats, side QR is divided into six equal parts and side PR is divided into eight equal parts. The length of each subdivided part in cm is an integer. ‘The minimum area of the triangle PQR possible, in cm?, is (ane (8) 24 () 483 (0) 144y3 Ans: D Explanation: Assume, the side of equilateral triangle POR unit ‘As per the condition in the question, x/4, x/6 and x/8 is an integer. Thus, x! must be LCM of 4, 6 & B= 24, Thus, side of equilateral triangle = 24 units. ‘As, area of equilateral triangle = V3/4 x side? Here, orea of equilateral triangle with side ‘24" unit = V3/4 x 247= 1443.Architect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING @. 1 -@. 25 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry one mark each (for each wrong answer: -1/3). @.1. As per National Building Code of India, 2016, the function of an Automatic Rescue Device Is to [A] Bring o stuck lit to the nearest landing level (C) Control the escape route lighting system, [8) Control fre in electrical system at plenum level (D] Tagger fire sprinkler system. Ans. A @2 Which of the following acronyms represents a thermal comfort index?? [A] PMV (8) NDVI (c) Dem (0) PCA Ans. A Explanatior ‘Acronym Description The acronym-PMV stands for Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) which is considered fo be most recognized in thermal comfort standards. PMV Is calculated on the basis of 6 parameters. Out of which 4 are the measurable quantities (air velocity, air temperature, mean radiant temperature and relative humidity) and 2 are expected parameters (clothing and metabolism rate). PMV fo prediict the mean value of voles of « group of occupants on a seven-point thermal sensation scale (Within the PM index. +3 translates as too hot, while -3 translates as too cold & @ as neutral). Thermal equillbium is obtained when an accupant’s intemal heat production is the same os its heat loss. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: I is used around the world to monitor drought, forecast agricutural production, assist in forecasting fire zones and desert offensive map. it quantities vegetation by measuring the difference between near-infrared (which vegetation strongly reflects) and red light (which vegetation absorbs). It is calculated in accordance with the Novi | formuta: NDVI = (NIR ~ RED) / (NIR + RED) Where, NIRis reflection in the near-infrared spectrum & RED is reflection in the red range of the spectrum. DEM stands for Digital Elevation Model. DEMS ore typically used to represent the bar terrain, void of vegetation and manmade features. arth In terms of geography, PCA stands for Principal Component Analysis. its a statistical instrument PCA —_| used in conjunction with GIS modelling to identify the hotspots that are the core of the intervention policies. @3. Indian satellite sensor that can be used for very high-resolution mapping of urban area is [A] LANDSAT (8) CARTOSAT (C) RESOURCESAT (2) Mops ‘Ans. As per Final Answer Key, all the options are considered as correct and ‘Marks to All’ have been given. Explanation: The similar question was also asked in GATE-2017 (@.24). Also, refer @. 17, GATE-2009 for more Information, 2.4, What is the smallest entity of raster data used in GIS?? [A] Line (8) Pixel (C) Point (0) Polygon Ans. B Explanation: The question related to set of entities representing vector data type was asked in ISRO-2018 (2.34). The difference between Vector data and Raster data is as follows: alPogGATE-2021 Raster Data Vector Data Roster data can be Images (raster images) with each pixel containing a color value. Raster data is based on pixel which is smallest individual unit of an imoge. Vector data uses each of the vector elements e.g. poinis for wells, lines for rivers, and a polygon for the loke. Vector data is based on discrete points Aerial photos are commonly used form of raster data, with only one purpose, to display a detailed image on In @GIS, geoarcphical features are often exoressed as vectors, by considering those features as geometrical a map. Other raster data sets will contain information regarcing elevation, a DEM (digital Elevation Model), rreflectance of a particular wavelength of fight. ‘Advantages of Raster Data shapes. In the populor ESRI Are series of programs, these are expicitly called shape files. ‘Advantages of Vector Data 1. Economical in space. 2. Good for discrete features. 3, More flexible with regard to scale. 1. It provides continuous coverage, 2. It provides detail beyond human perception. 3, It con be eosily manipulated. Disadvantages of Raster Dale Disadvantages of Vector Data 1. More schamatized version of reality. 2. Poorly suited for continuous phenomeno. 3, Vector format can store data only where needed. |. Fed resolution of dato. 2. Lorge file size. 3, Difficul fo edi vidual pice. Q5. The correct sequence of stages duting firing / burning of bricks is [A] Dehycration- Oxidation Vitification - Cooling. (C) Oxidotion- Dehydration — Vititication - Cooling (8) Vitriication ~ Dehydration ~ Oxidation - Cooling (0} Cooling - Oxidation - Vitification - Dehydration Ans. A Explanation: The process of moulding of bricks (Hand moviding / Machine moulding) is followed by drying and then burning. The damp bricks if bumt, cre likely to be cracked and distorted. Thus, they are dried before burning, Bricks are bumed at high temperature to gain the strength, durability, density and red colour appearance. The ‘water is removed at the temperature of 650 degrees but they are burnt at a temperature of about 1300 degrees because the fusing of sand and lime takes at this temperature & chemical bonding takes between these materials iter the temperature Is cooled down which results info hard & dense mass. Bricks are bunt by two methods viz. Clamp burning or Pazawah, i. Kiln buming or Bhatta. The stages of brick fiing/bumning are as follows: Temperature === Range (°C) Water-smoking or slow healing stage whoe evaporation of “hee of mechanical water’ fakes place. Mechanical water is the water that is added into the clay mixture during processing. It essential at this stage to maintain gradual temperature tise so cs to prevent cracking of the bricks, since the outer surface of the bricks wil contract at a faster rate than inside the bricks. leading fo cracking. An endothermic reaction Is observed ot this stage cue to the loss of the mechanical water. Evaporation 20-150 Buing out and breaking down of the carbonaceous matter and carbonates, {2s well as the "combined water’, occur during the dehydration stage. The temperature at which the "combined water’, carbonaceous matter and carbonates completely combust depends on the rate of heating. Rapid heating may cause an atmosphere of steam to persis! around and within the bricks, resulting in reducing conditions (due to insufficient supply of oxygen within the bricks) that produces discolouration or dark coloured, cored and blocted bricks. An endothermic reaction is observed at this stage due to further release of water and carbonaceous matter. Dehydration | 149-650 sIPageArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate — Temperature & ‘Oxidation in the kin may commence at temperatures as low as 300 °C and may extend as high as over 900 °C, depending on the rate of heating, the quantity of carbon present in the clay, the amount of excess air available in the combustion chamber, the density and area to volume ratio of the clay bricks. In order to produce quality bricks, it is essential that any residue carbonaceous matter be combusted and all iron residues oxidized to its oxides at this stage. This could be achieved by ensuring excess air of 50% or more is citculated within the combustion chamber, holding the temperature ‘Oxidation 300-982 | at about oxidation 800-200°C for a few days (3-4 days in some kilns): and keeping the CO; level in the flue gas at 10-12%. An exothermic reaction is observed at this stage, and is due to the oxidation of organic compounds and subsequently, sulfide compounds in the clay material, This exothermic reaction is observed from 300°C up fo 450°C, and then an endothermic reaction sels in, This is attributed to the loss of water from the crystal structure ofthe mineral and a change in crystalline phase of the quattz from ato B form, The loss of water is achieved without damage or shrinkage of the of the clay mineral ottice structure. Viltfication usually commences at about 900°C, when ail the carbonaceous matter has been fully oxidized, and extends up to the highest temperature the bricks can withstand without damage. The strength of the fired bricks is developed during Viification, by sintering of clay particles and melting of the clay mass. The solid particles become coated with liquid which upon ceoling solidifies mainly as @ glass and binds the particles together. The strength of the fired bricks thus depends on the maximum temperature reached, the duration of the Vitrication stage or maximum temperature, as well as amount of fluxes, such os potash, soda, magnesia, lime and ferrous oxide present in the clay. Al this stage, a series of exothermic reaction are observed, dus to the slow ‘oxidation of sulphur compounds and possibly residual organic material, as well as formation of new crystalline phases. Vitrtication | 900-1316 Holding the peak or finishing temperature for a period in order fo impact the lashing 1150-1316 | required colour to the bricks by the cdaition of “un-combusted fuel” to the xin, This is the decrease of kiln temperature from peak 10 ambient temperature, coon 1316-20 | lasting o few days (4-5 days or more). @.6. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) in BIM is? [A] a module used to improve eneray savings (8) an algorithm related to the precision of the BM model. [C) a program based on Bezier Splines. [D on object-oriented data model fo fociltate interoperability. Ans. D Explanation: The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), ave an open international standard for Building Information ‘Model (BIM) data that cre exchanged and shared among software applications used by the various participants in the construction or facility management industry sector. The standard Includes definiions that cover data required for buildings over their life cycle, The Industry Foundation Classes specily @ data schema and an exchange file format structure,GATE-2021 Q7. As per urban design principles proposed by Gordon Cullen, Rashtrapati Bhavan New Delhi is an example of. [A] Serial vision (8) Pinpointing [C) Occupied tenitory (D| Here and there Ans. A Explanation: Refer @.17, GATE-2010 for more information. @8. A waste water pipe connecting two inspection chambers (IC) Is laid at a slope of 1:200. The Invert level of the starting IC is -450 mm. The Inver level of the second pit at a distance of 40m from the First IC is? [A] -650 mm (8) -200 mm (C) -250 mm. (0) -$50 mm_ Ans. A Explanatior The slope of wastewater pipe 1:200 i.e. Vertical level difference: Horizontal Distance = 1:200 ‘As given, second pit is ct a 40m horizontal distance, Assume, the verlical drop ot this pit willbe mi Thus, x= (40x 1]/200 = 0.2 m = 200mm. The level of storting IC = -450 mm. Thus, invert level of second pil 450-200 = -650 mm. 2, From the adjacent images P, Q and R, + select the corresponding land use categories ‘according to Alonso's Bid Rent Theory. [A] P- Manufacturing, @- Residential, R-Retail (8) P-Retoll, G- Residential R- Manufacturing — | a\ 8 (C) P-Residentiol, @-Retol, R-Manufactuxing \ i (0) P-Retoil, @- Manufacturing, R-Residential \ . » ~ > Distance fom CD Distnes fram CBB Distance from CBD Ans. D Explanolion: Refer @. 36, GATE-2018 for more zs ° : information. @.10. The Urban Land use model based on the concept of a polycentric city is known as [A] Burgess Mode! (C) Hagerstrand's Model [B) Harris & Ullman Model (D] Homer Hoyt’s Model Ans. B Explanation: Refer Q. 26, GATE-2017 for more information. The related question was also asked in GATE-2009 (@.44), GATE-2007 (Q.27) and GATE-2003 (@.87). Q.11.the total head oF total it against which a pump works includes suction lit, discharge lift and [A] cone of depression (C) water horse power [B) Savage itt (0) frictional head loss Ans. D Explanation: Refer @.36, GATE-2009 for more information. @.12. The two components for measuring time of concentration for storm water are [A] overtand flow time and retention time (C) detention time and gutter flow time (8) overiand flow time and gutter flow time (D retention time and iniet time Ans. B Explanation: The term ‘Time of Concentration (Tc) Is defined as the time required for runoff to travel from the hydraulically most distant point in the watershed fo the outlet. The hydraulically most distant point with the longest travel time to the watershed outlet, and not necessary the point with the longest flow distance fo the outlet. The factors affecting ‘time of concentration’ includes: a. Surface roughness. b. Channel shape, c. slope. Urbanization usually decreases time of concentration, thereby increasing the peak discharge. However, time of concentration 71Po¢eArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate can be increased as @ result of ponding behind small or inadequate drainage systems (including inlets and road culverts] or by reduction of land slope through grading. The methods used for calculation of time of concentration’ include, Kirpich formula, Kerby Formula, NRCS Velocity Method and NRCS Lag Method. (Refer @.52, GATE-2019 w.tt. ‘Manning's equation for calculating the uniform flow in open channels, which is a function of the channel velocity, flow area and channel slope.) Q.13. The traffic assignment technique where the tratfic arranges itself in congested networks such that the journey time in all used routes between an Origin- Destination pair are equal and less than those that would be experienced In all unused routes. This is known as [A] System eauiltorium (C) User equiliorium (8) Altornothing (D| Incremental Ans. Explanation: Traific assignment: I is the process of allocating given set of trip interchanges to the specified transportation system. Is the last stage of traffic demand modelling (Refer @.45, GATE-2009 for more information on fravel/irafic demand model). The fundamental aim of the traffic assignment proces Is te reproduce on the transportation system, the pattem of vehicular movements which would be observed when the travel demand represented by the trio matrix, or matrices, to be assigned Is sotisfied. The types of traffic assignment models are: all-or nothing assignment (AON), incremental assignment, capacity restraint assignment, user equilibrium assignment (UE), stochastic user equilibrium assignment (SUE), system optimum assignment ($0), etc. Model Description In this method, the tip tom any origin zone to any destination zone are loaded onto a single, ao minimum cost path between them. Ihis, model is unrealistic os only one path between every O-D nothing a pair is utilized even if there is another path with the some or nearly same travel cost. Travel ime in this method Is fixed and dices not vary depending on the congestion on a link. User Itis bosed on Wardrop's first principle, Which states that ne driver ean unilaterally reduce his/her Equilibrium | travel costs by shifting to another route. As per this model, cil unused paths will have travel time (We) greater than the minimum cost path. System Its based on Wardrop’s second principle, which states that drivers cooperate with one another in, ‘optimum | order to minimize the total system travel time. it is not a realistic model, but useful fo transport ‘assignment | planners and engineers trying to manage the traffic to minimize travel costs and therefore achieve (60) {an optimum social equllorium. It isa process in which fractions of traffic volumes are assigned In steps. In each sieo, a fixed proportion of total demand is assigned, based on oll-or-nothing assignment. After each step, link: travel times are recalculated based on link volumes. Incremental assignment (Source: Prot. Tom V. Mathew and K V Kiishna Rao, If Mumbal, NPTEL Course Name: Inaduction to Transp accesied March 22, 2021. htios://nptel.ac.n/content/storage2/courses/ 105101087) ton Engineering. Q.14. What is the dependent variable in a tegression-based trip generation model? [A] Population of Traffic Analysis Zone (C) Number of Employees (8) Number of trips (D] Number of households Ans. B Explanation: Ip is defined as outward and retum journey a point of origin. Tip generation isthe fist stage of trattic demand modeling (Refer @.45, GATE-2009 for more information on travel/tratfic demand model). !1 aims ct predicting the total number of trips generated and attracted to each zone of the study area. The main factors affecting personal trip production include, income, vehicle ownership, household structure and family size. Two models which are used for rip generation modelling are growth factor modelling and regression modelling.GATE-2021 ‘Model Description Growth factor models tries to predict the number of trips produced or attracted by a house hold or zone as a linear function of explanatory variables. These are normally used in the prediction of ‘extemal tips where no other methods are available. It has the following basic equation: Growth | T= ht Factor i modeling | WN". T= number of future rio in the zone. ti=number of current trips in the zone. fi= growth factor. (It depends on the explanatory variable such as population of the zone, average house hold income, average vehicle ownership. Regression models are best suitable for internal tips. The general form of a trip generation model is TEE (a8 eee Xe) Regression | Whee, x, ore prediction factor or explonatary varioble. The most common form of trip generation modelling | model's a lineor function of the form, TEE (ast axseanitane nooo 8) Where, «= coefficient of the regression equation and can be obtained by doing regression analysis. Source: rot. fom V. Mathew and K V Krishna Rao. If Mumba, NPTEL Course Name: Iniroduction lo Transportation Engineering. ‘accessed March 22, 2021. htips://nptel.acuin/conten!/storage2/cousest 105101087) @.15. The curve traced by a point on a circle rolling inside another circle is known as [A] hypocycloid (3) helix (C) involute (0) hyperbola Ans. A Explanation: Refer @. 25, GATE-2001 for more information, @.16. The law of Primate City was first proposed by [A] Samuel A. Stoutfer (8) Colin Clark (C) Maik Jefferson (0) Harold Hoteling Ans. Explanation: The concept of primate city was given by Mark Jetferson to explain the size-distibution of cities. states that, ‘A Country's most important city is always disproportionately large ond remarkably expressive of nationel capacity and feeling’. According to Jefferson, primate city is the major city which works as the financial, political and population center of a country and is not rivalled in any of these aspects. The city must be at least twice as populous as the second largest in the country. Also, primate cities are often, but not aways, the capital cities of a country. (The related questions were also asked In GATE-2019 (@.27), 2018 (@.36), GATE-2008 (2.47), GATE-2004 (@.45)). @.17. In the European Union which constitutes the cities namely, London, Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, Cologn Frankfurt, Munich and Milan, lie within a linear megalopolitan zone known as [A] Purple Zone (C) Blue Banana [B) Golden Polygon (0) Yellow Comidor Ans.¢ Explanation: “Blue Banana” is @ banana-shoped metropolitan ‘exis running from London to Milan. tis @ discontinuous conidor of urbanization spreading over Westen and Cental Europe, with a population of around 111 million. The concept was developed by RECLUS, a group of French geographers managed by Roger Brunet. Ii was the press that termed this core zone in Europe the ‘Blue Banana’ referring to Its shape ‘and the colouring used by the RECLUS mapmakess. VPageArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate @.18. An urban governance tool to mobilize financial resources by permitting additional FAR over and above the prescribed FAR by imposing a charge or fee for the same is known as [A] Betterment Levy (C) Land Valve Increment Tax (8) Impact Fee (D] Floor Area Incentive Tax ‘Ans. As per Final Answer Key, all the options are considered as conect and ‘Marks to All’ have been given. Explanation: Term Description Guided Land Development model uses the provision of infrastructure as instrument to auide urban development. Ths is done in partnership with land-owners who pay for the Betterment levy | Cost of providing services to their land and in retuin donate land for public infrastructure ond a payment as betterment levy. The betterment charges are usually imposed on the beneficiaries of the improvement projects to recover the project cost itis a fee imposed on builder, developer on industrials fo compensate the impact and Impact Fee burden the new project is going to have on social and physical infrastructure (existing and need for new] and environment Land values keep on increasing over the years not because of any individual effort but Land Value due toimplementation of development schemes. Land value increment may also be due Increment Tox to economic phenomenon of rise in general prices. Thus, Land value Increment tox is collected fo capture the increase for the benefit of the community. The word “1ax" with Glongwith the term Floor Area Incentive is contradictory. In general, FAR incentives are provided by the Local Authority to developer for incorporating EWS houses / adopting green building measures, etc. Floor Area Incentive Tax 2.19. Identity the color palette that is created using any three equally spaced hues around the color wheel. [A] SolComplementary (8 Anclogous {C) Triads (0) Complementary Ans. C Explanation: The similar question was asked earlier in GATE-2015. (Refer Q.15, GATE-2015 for more information). 20. Coefficient of Performance (COF) for heat pump is used to calculate [A] The number of air changes (C) The Eneray Select Sector index (8) The Eneray Efficiency Ratio (0 The indoor Air Quality Index Ans. B Explanation: Refer @.2, GATE-2013 for more information of Energy Efficiency Ratio. @.21. Freight flows are converted fo truck flows using, (A) Volume factor (€) Payloed factor [8) Weight foctor (0) Distancé load factor Ans. C Explanation: The freight demand analysis is generally caied out in the establishment of freight network. Freight flows ate converted to truck flows using the truck payload characteristics / factors (commodity type). is. commosities are converted into truck types and then each type is configured to convert the commodity into truck trips. 22. Rebound hammer is used to measure [A] Permeability of Concrete (C) Compressive strength of concrete (8) Bond stress between rebar and concrete (D} Tensiee strength of concrete Ans. C Explanation: The rebound hammer test is used for: Assessing the Ikely compressive strength of concrete with iho help of suitable correlations between rebound index and compressive strength, iwlrageGArE-2021 Ji. Assessing the uniformity of concrete, Ti, Assessing the quality of the concrete in relation to standord requirements Iv, Assessing the quality of one element of concrete in relation to another. Refer @.18, GATE-2011 for more information. 23. Which type of temporary supporting structure can be used in case of rebuilding the lower part of a load bearing wall at ground floor above plinth level? [A] Dead shore (C) Frying shore [B) Pit Underpinning (0) Needle Scatfolcing Ans. A Explanation: Refer @. 37, GATE-2015 for more information. 2.24, During earthquakes, soft storey failure in a building is due to [A] Shear failure inificted by short column effect (8) Stress discontinuity initiated by abrupt changes of stiffness [C) Failure of colurnn initiated by weak column-strong beam effect (0) Drift of building storey initiated by pounding effect jeler Q. 34, GATE-2018 for more information. @.25. Following five activities are associated with construction contract management. Choose the option showing the conect progressive sequence of the activities. P| Opening of Bia (@_| Submission of Security Deposit ®_| Publication of Notice Inviting Tender (NT) 5 T Issue of Letter of intent (LOM Submission of Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) (A) ROPES (8) SPR1-Q) (c)RIP SQ (0) SPQ Ans. C Q. 26 - Q. 36 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), carry two mark each (for each wrong answer 2.26. Match the acronyms in Group ~1 with the particulars in Group I. Group Group PLGA 1. Building Cerification System @.PCE, 2. Hydrological Assessment Tool R. Milos: 3. Climate Change S. LEED 4, Equivalent measure of energy expended 5. Cradle to grave [A] P-3, G5, Red, $2 (8) Pod, @-3, RI, S-2 (C) P-5, G4, RD, Sed (0) P-5, 3, Res, Sel Ans. D Explanation: niPogeArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate ‘Retonym Full Form Description Life cycle assessment (Cradle to grave) is a technique for assessing the La, Life Cycle Assessment_| environmental aspects associated with @ product over its lfe cycle with the cim to prioritize improvements on products or processes. Intergovernmental Wee | Panel on Climate Change This Ponel is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to cimote change. It provides regular assessments of the scientific basis, ‘of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for ‘adaptation and mitigation, Milfion/mega tons of The unit quantifies the amount of energy released when buming one Design) Mtoe | eat mlfan mega tons of crude ol [Eauvalent measure of energy LEED is an intemationally recognized green building certification system, Leadership in Energy | providing third-party verfication that a buikling or community was te | ond Environmental | designed and built using strategies aimed at imoroving performance ‘across all the metrics such as energy savings, water efficiency, COZ ‘emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality, etc. 27. Match the buildings in Group | with their corresponding architect in Group I! ‘Groupl P @ R 5 Group I 1.Renzo Pino | 2. Daniel Libeskind | 3.David Childs | 4.Frank Owen Gehry 5. Norman Foster [A] Pot, 3, Rl, $2 (8) P-2. 4, 8-255 (C) P23, OS, Red, $1 (0) P23, Red, SS Ans. D Explanatior ‘One World Trade Centre (also known as 30, St. Mary Axe, Jewish Museum, Bertin | One World Trade, One | Louis Vuitton | London (Also known as nace (The related question | WIC, or Freedom | Foundation, _Patis, | Gherkin Tower) "2 | related was also asked | Tower), New York (he | France (Art museum | (The related question in GATE-2011,@.26) | related question was | and cultural center) | was also asked in ‘Oso asked in GATE- GATE. 2017, 2.38) 2012, 2.39) Architect | Daniel ubesking’ David Childs Frank Owen Gehry | Nomen Fooster & traceGATE-2021 ‘Arch, Style Deconstructivism Postmodernism Deconstructivism Postmodernism Ilustration. 2.28, Match the heritage conservation chatters in Group | with thelr focus areas in Group II. Group Group Washington Charter 1. Conservation of historic gardens 2. Conservation of places of cultural significance Venice Charter 3. Authenticity -. @._| Florence Charter R s Burra Charter 4, Conservation and restoration of monuments and sites 5. Conservation of historic towns [A] P-3, Ql, Red, SS (8) PS, Q-4, RI, S-2 (C) P-5, GH, R4, $2 (0) Po, G1, R382 Ans. C Explanation: All the below mentioned charters have been adopted by ICOMOS (‘International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and sites"), usually referred to as ‘The Venice Charter’ 1964. Venice Charter, 1964 For the conservation and restoration of monuments and sites Burra Charter, 1979 (Australia) For the Conservation of places of cultural significance Washington Charter, 1987 For the conservation of historic towns and urban areas Florence Charter, 1981 For the conservation of historic gardens Lausanne Charter, 1990 For the protection and management of the archaeological heritage Sofia, Bulgaria Charter, 1996 For the protection and management of Underwater (in inland and inshore: waters, in shallow seas and in the deep oceans) cultural heritage ‘Mexico Charter, 1999 ‘+ For managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance + Forthe preservation of historic Timber structures + For the built vemacular heritage ‘Timbabwe, 2003 + Principles for the preservation and conservation-restoration of wall paintings + For the analysis, Conservation and structural restoration of Architectural hetitag ‘Québec (Canada), 2008 * Cultural routes ‘+ Interpretation and presentation of cultural heritage sites Principles for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Sites, Structures, Areas mi it) and Landscapes Principles for the safeguarding and Management of Historic Cites, Town and vel ont Urban Areas. New Dethi, 2017 Principles concerning rural landscapes as herltage Is|PogeArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate 29. Match the buildings (name of architects) in Group | with the abstractions used in Group Il Group | ‘Group P. The School for Spastic Children, New Delhi (Romi Khosia) _| 1. Cosmos in geometric form’ @. Jawahar Kala Kenda, Jaipur (Charles Correa) 2, Panchavati R. Capitol Complex, Changigarh (Le Corbusier) 3, Plan form of Hindu temple 8. Oberol Hotel, Bhubaneswar [Satish Grover] 4, Bul's Homs 5. Mother's womb (C) P-2, GH, 83, $2 (0) P-5, Q-2, Ref, Sel Explanation: Building Name |The School for Spastic Children, New Delhi Jawahar Kala Kendra, Jaipur (Charles (Architect) (Romi Khosla) ‘Comea) ‘Abstractions: Mother's womb, ‘Cosmos in geometiic form Building Building Name Capitol Complex, Chandigarh (Le (Architect) Corbusier) Oberoi Hotel, Bhubaneswar Abstractions Bull's Horns Plan form of Hindu temple Building itPaceGATE-2021 30. Match the names of the gardens in Group | with their type in Group I ‘Group! Group tl ®._| Shalimar Bagh, Sinager 1. Henging Garden (@._| Pherozeshoh Mehta Garden, Mumbai | 2. Memorial Garden R._| Lalbagh Garden, Bangalere 3. Rock Garden 5.__[ Nek Chone's Garden, Chandigah__| 4, Botanical Garden 5. Mughal Garden (Al P3,Q1,R2.5-4 (6) P-5, 1, RASS (C)P5, O53, RA S-2 (0) P54, RSS ‘Ans. 8 Explanation: Pheroreshah Mehta Garden, _ Mumbai Name ofthe (Popularly knowns as ‘the Hanging Garden Garden Sector Bagh. Smooor (tertaced garden) of Mumbai" which was built in 1881 over a walerreservorl Type ‘Mughal Garden Hanging Garden Garden ea) Lalbagh Garden, Bangalore Nek Chand's Garden, Chandigarh the Garden : Type Botanical Garden Rock Garden Garden @31. Match the various types of impuilties present in Water in Group I with the appropriate water reatment process given in Group Il Group Group tl P.Fine suspended mater | 1. Aeration G. Pathogenic bacteria, 2, Plain sedimentation ® Color, odour andtaste__| 3. Sedimentation with coagulation 5. Floating matter as leaves _| 4, Screening 5. Disinfection [A] P.2, 5,83, SA (8) P-3, Q-4, Rel, S-2 (C) PA, Q-4, RB, $2 (0) P-3, 5, Rel, Sot Ans.D iwiPoosArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate Explanation: The related question was olso asked in GATE 2017 (@.2), GATE-2016 (27). such as iron, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile ‘organic chemicals (VOCS). Imputties Fine sponded matter Pathogenic bacteria Water treatment Sedimentation wih coagulation Disinfection process Hocevlation process often known as Coaguleion- "Floceuiation process for fectigue © Gopied er To Seamontoton | Water dénfecon | moons the romova, Gnd tation {e:3. "opie sond tivation) 10 | @eeetvation er king | of pathogenic tenance the cbily fa rectment proces 0 | Gr physical oF chemical cinfecton's.. Tho Description | Used to" neuivalze “charges and’ form. 0 | OBEN! Ok remove organic gotatinous mass fo tap [ot bridge] patties | nutes or shellrs for microorganism thus forming mess large enough 10 settle o| ‘Chlorine one ofthe mos! commonly Used IPP mia disinfectants for water disinfection (*GATE- coagulant. Hocculation genie sing or | Si attain io encourage the panicles thus | 216 formed to aggiomerste info maser age enough 10 sete or be tered rom solution impuiies Color, odour and Taste Floating mater at leaves Water treatment Aeration Screening process The fooling maltersuch as large sos and oi Aeration brings water and ain close contact ’ j Coon intertere wih treatment process & thus pescription | Cacr27 J0,comeve disclved gases (such Os | ‘o"mnimao, such potential problems, inese materials undergo ‘Screening’ which is the frst Unit operation used at Waste water treatment plants (WiNTPS) 2.32. Match the temples in Group | with their style of Architecture in Group Il Group Group P, Badami Cave Temples 1, Pandya Style’ @. Kalugumaloi Temple Complex _| 2. Chola Style’ R. Aavatesvara Temple 3. Chalukya Style S. Chennakeshava Temple 4. Vigyanagara Style 5, Hoyasala Style (A) P-3, 1, R2, 5 (8) P38, @-4,R-2,S-1 {D) P-5, G1, Res, S-2 ‘Ant. A Explanation ane ) Badami Cave Temples (Badami, Karnataka) eee veoeanecey (mocind Style Chalukya Style Pandya Style Temple Vettuvan Koll Temple wiraceGATE-2021 Temple Aaveterrere Temple heniow. Tor! | Cheqnokeshava femple (elu, Kamcloka) Style Chola Style Hoysala Style Temple Refer @. 34, GATE-2013 for more information related to other temples of the same architecture style. Furiher, the question related fo ‘Badami Cave Temples’ &. ‘Chennakeshava Temple’ was earlier asked in ISRO-2015 (Q.1). 33. Match the urban form / structure in Group I with their respective proponents in Group Il Group! Group P. Trobantenstadte 1. | Aru Soria ¥ Mata @. Linear City 2. | Le Corbusier R. Bloomsbury Precinct 3, | Emst may S. Radiant City 4, | Frank loyd wright , | Pattick Abercrombie (8) PS, Q1, R452 (C) P-3, 1, 85,52 (0) P3,.0-4,R1,52 Explanation: iban Form Trabantenstadt (Satelite Town) linear City Proponent Ernst May (Father of Satelite Town Concept) ‘Arturo Soria Y Mata Proposed Urban Form ‘Modild-Lneor Cy planned by S:. Mata (the reloted question war also asked in GATE 2012 (@34), GATE-1996 (@.29),1SRO-2017 (Q76). wiPoosArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate planner. in ‘Country of London Plan of 1943", he proposed dividing the London metropolis into a series of ‘organic’ communities and specialized ‘precincts’, either built around existing medieval cores or new cores, similar in principle. Such ‘Precincts’ were referred by the Urban Scholars as Super-block surounded by arterial ring roads or in administrative terms referred to a jurisdiction with boundaries and proper name. Bloomsbury distict is one of such notable precincts refered both fo the Medieval Cloister and 18" Century square. Uiban Form Bloomsbury Precinct Radiant Cily| Proponent Patrick Abercrombie Le Corbusier The County of London Plan (1943) and | (The elated question was also asked in GATE-2015 Greater London Plan of 1944 was developed | (2-42). GATE-2012 (2.34) by ‘Sir Leslie Pattick Abercrombie’ (GATE- reed Urban | 1994, @.3) who is the most celebrated British 34. Match the elements in Group | with their description in Group I [A] P-3, Ql, RS, So Ans. D Group Group il e. 1. Comice @. 2. Stylobate R. 3, Stereobate Sf 4, ADQCUS. S. frieze (8) Pe4, 3, RI, S-2 Explanation: Ref. @. 40, ISRO-2015 for more information. istPage (C) P-5, 4, RS (0) P-5, G1, RD, $4Gare-2021 35. Match the position of feet in Group Ifo the most appropriate description of stabillly of human body in Group Group | Group it Stable Antero- Fairly stable in all 5 Baia Laterally stable Sener Vertically stable Unstable [A] P35, 5, R-2, So] (8) P-5, 3, RI, S-2 (C) PA, 3, R4, $2 (0) P-4,Q3,R-2S-1 Ans. B @.36. Match the buildings in Group | with their corresponding structural systems in Group Il. Group! ‘Group P- Empire State Building, New York, USA. TTiuss6s Tube: (@_ John Hancock Centre, Chicago, USA | 2. Bundled Tube 8. Taipei 101. Taiwan 3. Tube in Tube 5S. Seors Tower, Chicago, USA 4, Ouligger Frame 5. Shear Tus [A] P-5, 03, R-4, S-1 (8) PS, 5, R152 (O) P54, RA.S2 (0) P5,-1,R-4, 5-2 Ans. D Building Empire State Building, New York, USA ‘John Hancock Centre, Chicago, USA ‘Architect | (Architectural Fim: Shreve, Lamb and Harmon) | (Architectural Fim: Skidmore, Owings & Merl) ‘Srvelural Trusses Tube (Refer @. 41, GATE-2009 for more System, sae information). building wircosArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate Taipei 101, Taiwan Sears Tower, Chicago, USA Architect CY. Lee (Architectural Firm: Skidmor Bruce Graham as an Architect) ‘Owings & Meri, ‘Structural | Outigger Frame (Refer Q.34, GATE-2016 & 18, System _| GATE-2014 for more information. Bundled Tube (Refer Q. 41, GATE-2009 for more information). @.37 - @.43 Multiple Select Question (MSQ), cary TWO mark each (ne negative marks). @37. Choose the correct options with respect to cycle track design as per Indian Road Congress guidelines commen cycle track and footpath cycle track and footpath Tal [the minimum wich of cyte rackis am f overlong tobe provided for ia) | Sree rack me be provided when peck ROU ele Woe & 00 or more on routes wih @ Wome of 10D 10.200 vehicles hour (cy Maximum gradient allowed for cycle tracks is 1 in 15 (0) Cyclist should have a clear view of at least 80m. Ans AB. Explanation: the planning standards or ‘Cycle tracks os mentioned in the “URDPH Guidelines 2014 are as foows ‘ArlesalRoads | Sub Aveol Roods | Diibulory Road: | Access Roads NowMeloiced | Segregoted Cycle. | Segregated Cyc 7 es jated tes Gyetetone | Mixed / rots sehveen Between Cariogewoy | Corageway ot | On the edge of the tae LY dra Location | ooipcih one |e, ng | Hot onrkcbl ge edge ofthe | footpath or parking, caragewoy Steely Gradtent 12-120 12-120 a 12-120 waked wth tone width 22t080m 221050m 151025m Denice 25 ter otworane cycle | els rack and 17 inirmor Width mer 9 commen | 1.5m 1m (ocinted) a lPageGATE-2021 @.38. As per the Right fo Falr Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, for which purposes can the urgency clause for land acquisition be invoked? (4)__| Notional defence and security purposes. | (C)_| industrial projects (8)__| Affordable housing program (|_| Emergency arising out of natural calamities Ans. A; D. @.39. Which of the following Intemational treaties at jelated to climate change and global warming? (a)__| Negoya protecol, 2010. [)_ | Cartagena protocol, 2000. (8)__ | Copenhagen summit, 2001 (0) _[ Paris Agreement, 2016, Ans. B ; D or D. Explanation: International Convention Objective Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization Nagoya protocol, 2010 (Japan) of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. ‘Copenhagen summit, 2009 (Denmark) (The year has been mentioned wrongly os 2001" in the question paper] To negotiate an international treaty te prevent global warming and climate change. To ensure ihe safe handling, transport and use of iving modified Cartagena protocol, 2000 (Adopted in| organisms (IMOs) resulting from modem biotechnology that Montreal, 2000 in the meeting of COP-15). may have adverse effects on biological diversity, taking also into account rsks to human health. To limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. To reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon 0 possible to achieve a climate neutral world by mid-century. Paris Agreement, 2016 (Adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Pars, in 2015 and entered into force in 2016) @.40. Which of the following algorithms are used for finding the shortest path in on urban transportation network? (4)__[Loait (@)_| Hutt (¢)_| Foye Warshal (0)_| Dikstra Ans. C ;D Explanation: ‘Algorithm Description Dijkstra’s algorithm is c single source shortest path algorithm. itis used to find the shortest path from a single source nade to all other nodes on a directed graph with non-negative edges cost only. It Dijkstra’s | works on a static network (where the edge weights on the network are static and deterministic). The igorithm | algorithm uses two data structures during the search to manage node expansions: priority queve (Q) and an array (A), which keeps the record of the total distance from the source locations fo all other nodes in the graph Floyd Warshall algorithm is usec to find all pair of shortest path problem from a given weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights. As o result, It generates a matrix which represents the minimum distance from any node to all other nodes in the graph. Floyd Warshall ajPogeArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate Ql. Which of the following statements are true with respect fo surface paint? (Al _| Paints olossy when pigment volume Concentration is high {8} _| Vehicle is the volatile part of the paint (C)_| Bose of the paint is usuolly oxides of metals (0) _| High VOC content s prefewed in paints ans. Bc Explanation: Paint is a mixture of solid pigment suspended in a liquid vehicle, applied as a thin, usually opaque coating to 9 surface for protection and decoration. a. The bosic terminologies related to paints & mixtures are described below. Term Description Pigment A finely ground, insoluble substance suspended in o liquid vehicle to impart color and opacity to o paint is called as pigment. Pigments may be classified as white and colored or as opaque and extender pigments. The hiding power of pigments depends on the difference in index of refraction of the pigment and the surrounding medium, White pigments Colored pigments Extender pigments These ore largely Inorganic materials, especially for outdoor use, where the briliant @. Zinc oxide is widely used by | By fugitive organic pigments itsell oF in combination with! son, fade. the principal other pigments. is color iS | ingrganic-colored pigments unatfected by many industrial | 3. cand chemical atmospheres. It | eraime: Aluminium flake or imparts gloss ond reduces ground patticle, copper chaking but tends to crack | Pore goklieat sncdust | teduce cost. The principal and alligator instead, (GATE- | PON SOE MC SL. | extender pigments ore silica, 2001. 1996) eae, cwophie | china clay, tale, barium b. Zine sulphide is o highly | (CUE obie black ond animal | SUphate, calcium sulphate opaque pigment widely used | 70S! calcium carbonate. w copeatin woe | acters nda | epee oie, reareien ©. White Lead and Zine white | 29°: etc. Green: Chromium oxide, are used os base coating for | Green: Chromium oxes, timer surfaces. (GATE-1996) nM i ‘chrome greens. Red: Iron oxide, cadmium red, vermilion, These are added to extend the ‘opaque pigments. increase durability, provide better spreading characteristics, and Vehicles Binders A liquid in which pigment is dispersed before being applied to a surface to control consistency, adhesion, gloss and durabilly is called as Vehicle’. Whereas, the nonvolatile part of a paint vehicle thot bonds paticles of pigment into a cohesive film curing the drying process is colled os ‘Binder. The most commonly used vehicles and binders are described below: ©. Natural drying oils: Any of the various oils such as organic liquids as linseed oil that oxidizes and hardens to form a tough elastic film when exposed in a thin layer to a. The paint in which the vehicle Used is a drying ollis called as ‘Oil Paint’. b. Alkyds: These ore most widely used paint vehicles which are synthetic resins modified with various vegetable oils 10 produce clear resins that are harden than natural oils. The paint in which the vehicle used is an alkyd is called as ‘Alkyd Paint ¢. Latexes: These ore based on emulsions of various polymers including acrylics, polyvinyl acetate, styrene-butaciene, polyinyl chioride and ober. They ate easy to apply, dry quickly, have no solvent odor ond application tools are easily cleaned with soap ond water. The paints are also called as rubber-based paints or water-based paints 4d. Epoxy and Epoxy-Polyester: The epoxy binders are less hard and chemically resistant but ay fast. The paints are easy to apply. Epoxy-polysters are mixed just before use to produce smooth finishes. These ore suitable for interior surfaces and are chemically resist. ziPageGATE-2021 Vinyl Solutions: The solutions of polyvinyl chloride and vinyl esters diy rapidly and ore buill up by successive, sprayed thin coatings. They have low gloss, high flexibility and inertness to water but are sensitive to some solvents. The vinyl binder helps to achieve excellent water resistance fo the paints. 4. Thinners: These are volatile constituents added te coatings to promote thelr spreading qualities by Feducing viscosity. The commonly used thinners include turpentine and mineral spirits. ic., derivatives of petroleum and cool tar Natural and synthetic resins are used in a large variety of cir-crying and baked finishes. The natural resins Include both fossl resins, which are harder and usually superior in quality. In cdaition, the synthetic resins, are used for applications requiring maximum durability. The commonly used resins include phenol formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, slicones, fluorocerbons, and cellulose acetate-butyrate. The specific uses of few these resins are as follows, ©. Phenolics: Thess cre used In varnishes for outdoor and other severe applications on wood and metals. They ore especially durable when baked. Resins | b. Melamine and urea: These are used in a large variety of industrial finishes, such os automobile and refrigerator finishes, «. Sllicones: These are used when higher temperatures are encountered that can be borne by the other finishes. d. Flvotocarbons: These are costly but provide high-performance coatings, industrial siding, and curiain walls with excellent gloss retention, stain resistance, and weather resistance. ©. Cellulose acetate-butyrate: These provicies shop-applied, high-gloss finishes. Q.42. As per the Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, which among the following are ‘Duties of waste generators’? (a) | Seategate and store waste generated in four spate streams namely, comustile, non-combustible ‘organic and domestic hazardous waste. (8) __| Store construction and demolition waste separaiely within own premise before disposal (C|_| Allwaste generator shall pay user fee for solid waste management (0)__ | Compost horticulture waste and garden waste separately within own premise Ans. B;C Explanation: As per Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, the duties of waste generaloss have been defined under Clause-4 as follows: Every waste generator shall: Segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams namely bio- degradable, non-blo-degradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and handover segregated wastes (A) | to authorized waste pickers or waste Collocio’s as per the citection or noification by the local authorities from time to time. Wiap securely the used sanitary waste ike diapers, sanitary pads etc., in the pouches provided by the (8) | manufacturers or brand owners of these products or in a suitable wrapping material as instructed by the local authorities and shall place the same in the bin meant for dry waste or non- bio- degradable waste. ic) | Sore separately constuction and demotion waste, a: cnc when generated. in his own premises ond 'C) | shai cfspose-off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste Monagement Rules, 2016 (p) | Sate hovticuture waste and garden waste generated from his premises separately in hs own premises ‘and dispose of os per the directions of the loccl body from time to time. 2|PogeArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate @.A3. Choose the correct options with regard lo activated sludge process (a) _| The activated sludge process is an aerobic process. (8]__| The entre settled sludge is sent back to the aeration tank (C)_| The entre effivent from the final setting tank is sent back to the eration tank. (0) | fh aeration tanks, sewage & aerated and agitated for few hours. Ans. A;D Explanation: Activated Sludge Process (ASP) (Refer Q. 8, 1SRO-2015 for more information) ‘+ Activated sludge is defined as the sludge which seltled down affer the sewage has b agitated freely in the presence of abundant atmospheric oxygen. ‘= Activated sludge contains a large number of aerobic bacteria and other organism and acts {5 a Ferzing constituent (agent) when it fs mixed with raw sewage containing sufficient Oz, the bacteria perform two functions, i It oxidizes organic solids. fi, Promotes coagulation and flocculation and converts colloidal and dissolved solids into setfleatse solids, ‘+ The method has been proven and tested for mote than 7-8 decades all over world. Several modifications are possible 10 meet specific requirements. + It hos very good performance in terms of BOD and §8. Treated effluent con most often satisfy the current indian effluent discharge stondards. Performance is cifically dependent on sludge settling choracteristics and design of secondary clorifier. Key {features |» siudge setting choracterisics ore typically influenced by bio-flocculation which jn turn depends on growth rate of microorganisms. Growth rates generally controlled by controling biological solids retention time / food to micro-organism ratio. Entuent Secondary lanier Aeration Intent oe Retumed Sludge Excess Shidge The uninterrupted power supply for aeration and sludge recirculation is required. BEER (ickissonce ot consi cercanrcton ne aster tax ck Rebar eH he s secondary clarifier is required. tee 22.5 ee an ‘Applicability ee 2 where land is scare. @.44 - @.55 Numerical Answer Type (NAT), cary TWO mark each (no negative marks). Q.44. A rectangular hall having dimension of 8.0m x 14.0m x 4.0m has total 4 windows (1.5m x 1.0m each) and 2 doors (1.0m x 2.0m each). The coefficients of absorption are given below. Considering all windows open and doors closed, the reverberation time in seconds is _(tound off fo 2 decimal places). Description of item ‘Absorption Coefficient Coefficient of absorption of wall floor and ceiling o2 ‘Coefficient of absorption of door and window 0.4 ‘Ans. (As per Final Answer Key, the range of correct answer is 0.82 0 0.86) Explanation: (The similar question was earlier asked in GATE-2019, @.48) Total volume of hall = 8x 14x 4 = 448 m8 (V) Total area of 4 walls + Celling + Floor = 2 (14x 4) +2 (8x4) + 2(14x8) 2x 56) + (2x32) + (2x 112) 2+ 64+ 224 = 400 sq.m. Total area of 4 windows = 4x 1.5% sq.m. Total area of 2 doors = 2x 1 x2= 45am. Net area of 4 walls + ceiling + floor (excluding 4 windows +2 doors) = 400 - 10 = 390 sa.m. aiPaceGATE-2021 ‘Components Wall, Floor & Ceiling Door & Window: ‘Area (An) 390 10 ‘Coefficient of absorption (ax) oz 04 Anx an 78 4 Thus, fotalroom absorption in sabins (A) 78 + 4= 82 m? [For all doors and windows closed), Reverberation time in seconds (R.1) = (0.16 x V] /A (0.16 x 448) / 82 87 See (For all doors and windows closed). Now, total room aiosorption in sabins (A, when all windows are open and doors are closed needs to be find out, {As per condition, if windows are open, then Coefficient of absorption (0) = 1 Thus, otalroom absorption in sabins (A) can be calculated as follows ‘Components Wall Floor & Ceiling Door Window ‘Area (An) 390. 4 é ‘Coefficient of absorption (an) 02 o4 1 nx de 78 16 6 Thus, total room absorption in sabins (A) = 78 + 1.6 + 6 = 85.6 m? [For all windows open & door closed) Reverberation time in seconds (R.) = (0.16 x V) JA (0.16 x 448) / 85.6 = 0.837 Sec Q45. If surface conductance of extemal surface is 20 W/m? °C, absorbance of the surface is 0.46 and U value of the wall is 1.2 W/m? °C, the solar gain factor of a wall is__ (round off to 2 decimal places). ‘Ans, 0.04 (As per Final Answer Key, the range of correct answer Is 0.03 to 0.05) Explanatior Solar (heat) gain factor or co-efficient is the ratio of solar heat gain that passes through the fenestration / surface to the total incident solar radiation that falls on the fenestration, The solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation, which is then re-raciated, convected, or conducted into the interior space. ls value should not exceed 0.04 in warm-humid climates or 0.08 in the hol-cey season of composite climates, when ventilation is reduced. (Source: Manual of tropical Housing and Building, Koenigsberger) ‘he relation between solar gain factor, surface conductance (external surface) (C-Valve), absorbance (a) & U- Value is as follows: Solar gain factor = (ax U) /C AS per given information, Surface conductance (C-Value) of extemal surface = 20 W/m?°C ‘Absorbance of the surface (a) = 0.86. Thermal transmittance (U-Valve) of wal Thus, Soler gain factor 2w/m20C (0.66 x 1.2] /20= 0.0396 = 0.04 @.46. The initial cost of a property is Rs. 4,00,000 and its future life Is 30 years. Considering the scrap value as 10 % ofits intial cost and rate of interest as 5%, the sinking fund (deposited at the end of year) for the property is Rs. (round off to 2 decimal places). ‘Ans: Rs, 5421.68 (As per Final Answer Key, the range of correct answer is 5405.00 to $422.00) Explanation: (The similar question was earlier asked in GATE-2011 (@.45), GATE-2010 (Q.52 & @.53). Initial cost of property = Rs. 4,00,000 /- Future life of property (n) = 30 years ‘Scrap value = 10 % of initial cost = (10/100) x 4.00,000= Rs. 40,000 _| interest rate (i) = ‘inking Fund = Initial Cost- Scarp Value = 4,00,000— 40,000 = Rs. 3,60,000 ‘Sinking Fund Formula (1) sxi, aya Where, I= Annual installment I= Rate of Interest Ital Valve / Sinking Fund, umber of years [life of property) Hare, S= Rs. 3,60,000, a Thus, 5% = 0.05 (2,60,000 x0.05) / (140.05)2-1 8000 /3.32 = $421.48 2 |PageArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate @.47. Reading in the staff stationed at P measured by a dumpy level is 3.5 m. The dumpy levellis stationed ot @. the jeference Level (RL) at point P is 96.5m and the height ofthe dumpy levells 125m. The RLaf point Qis —m. Graduated stat (Round off 02 decimal places.) ex S876 Horizontal tine of sight Sonar asmE LL RL at point Q = (RL at Point P + 3.5m) - Helght of E dumpy level = (965+35)-125 = 1001.25 = 98.75 ee Pp RL=965m Ef an 48. A clicular cricket fleld of 180 m diameter is eliminated by 4 flood light = e towers. The flood light towers are equally spaced along the perimeter ofthe | ot field. The height ofthe flood light lower is 48 m. Using Inverse Square Law’, he — illumination level at the centre of the field Is ound as 750 Lux. Each tower is Section consisting of 50 lamps. The rating of each lamp Is 700 watt. the efficacy of — each lamp is___Lumen /Watt (Round offto 2 decimal places) ‘Ans. (As per Final Answer Key. the range of correct answer is 117.000 199.00 (0 1483.00 fo 1496.00) é explanation: 189m —— To find out tlumination produced from ight source not perpendicular 10 surface, ‘Lambert's Cosine Law’ is used. is given as, Fe Lxcon8 ~o— Where, E= lumination on surface lu. (In the problem, E= 750 Lux) [Pian] 1 = llumination intensity trom source {cd}. Also, 1= Luminous efficacy of lamp (Im/watt) x Power consumption of lamp (Watt) As per information, there are 4 flood light towers, each having $0 lamps [each having rating of 700 wal). ‘Thus, here, I= 4x Luminous efficacy of lamp x 50x 700.......(2) d= Gistance from light source. Asper the diagram, tan @ = opp./ad}. = 90/48 = 1.875. Thus, @= ton! 1.875 = 61.92 Now, Cos @ = Cos 61.92 = 0.4 Thus, d= 102.12 m........(3) 8/d Putting the values from (2) & (3) in (1) E=Lxcose. € 750= 4 x {Luminous efficacy of lamp x.50 x 700] x 0.47 102,122 ‘Thus, Luminous efficacy of lamp = _750.x 102.12? _ = 118.86 Lumen/Watt 4x50 x 700 x 0.47 (Refer GATE-2019 (@.21), GATE-2018 (@.28), GATE-2017 (@.35) & GATE-2013 (@.54) for information related to the theory & more numerical problems.) 2 lPaceGATE-2021 @.49. A building is constructed on a plot measuring 70 m x 40 m. The ulilized FAR of the building is 1.5. An energy ‘audit team found that the average monthly electricity bill of the building is INR 2,94,000. The unit cost of the ‘electricity is INR 7. The building energy index is_kW-hr / m2 / year. (In integer.) ‘Ans. 120 Explanation: Plot Size = 70 mx 40 m. Thus, total plot area = 2800 m? Utilized FAR = 1.5. Thus, total built-up area of building Monthly Electricity Bil of the Building = Rs. 2,94,000 /- ‘Thus, electricity charges per sq.m. per month = 2,94,000 / 4200 m2 = 70 Rs. / m= Unit cost of electricily = Rs. 7. (Le. 7 R8/ Kw-h) ‘Thus, building energy index = (Unit cost of electricity / elechicity charges per sq.m. per month) x 12 months = 70 Rs. Jone} 7 (7 Rs. 7 Kw-h] x 12 = 10x12= 120 5 x 2800 = 4200 m2 @50. A simply-supported steel! beam made of an I-section has a span of 8m. The beam is canying a uniformly distibuted load of 15kN/m. The overall depth of the beam is 450 mm. The moment of Inertia of the beam section is, 18000 ¢mé. The maximum bending stress in the beam will be _ N/mm. (In integer). ‘Ans. 150 Explanation: Here, span (I) = 8 m. Uniformly Disibuted Load (UDL} ‘Thus, Max. Bending Moment (M) = w//8 = (15 x!) /8 = 120 kN-m = 120x 10#N-mm Depth (6) = 450 mm. Thus, y= o/2 = 450/2 = 225 mm) ‘Moment of inertia (1) = 18000 emé= 16 x 105 mé= 18 x 10?mm* Bending Stress (0) = # As, M/l=o/y @= 120x108 295 18x10" = 150 N/mm?_(The similar question was earlier asked in GATE-2016, @.41) @.51. The slenderness ratio of a circular column of diameter 300 mm and effective height 3m is_(In integer) ‘Ans. 40 Explanation: Diameter (0) of a circular column = 300mm = 03m Effective height or Effective Length (Lea) = 3 m. As, Slenderness ratio (A) = baa... (]).....{The question based on this formula was asked in GATE-2017 (@.12). Kran Radius of gyration (Kania) = V(limin JA) n-o(2) (WHET, Ir For circular Column, Tran = (nd*)/64 & A= (nda Putting the above valves in (2), Kmin= €/4 = 0.075m. Pulling the valve of Kminin (1), Slenderness ratio (A) = 3/0.075 = 40 ‘Moment of ineriio, A = Cross-sectional area] @.52. A construction project consists of following five activities. The immediate successor activity relationship and duration of each activity are mentioned in the table below. , Actity | succowsr actwiy | (Weels) P t 2 @ Tands 4 " T 5 $ 2 é ‘ T : a The total duration of the project is Ans. 12 weeks. (In integer). wiPodeArchitect's Guidebook for Competitive Exams by Ar. Swapnil S. Vidhate Explanation: The paths and thelr respective duration as per the diagram will be as follows: i. P-R-T=2+5+3=10Weeks, I, Q-R-T=4+5+3= 12 Weeks (The longest path). 2.53. tis proposed to have ceramic tile flooring in a room having internal clear dimension of 1.8m x2.4m. le sizes ‘are 300 mm x 300 mm. The door opening is 900 mm and the door is flushed with the internal face of the wall. The height of skiing s 600 mm. The number of ceramic tes required for internal flooring and skirting is __(in integer). Ans. 98 Explanation: ‘Area of room (Flooriiles) = 1.8x24=432sam.(1) | Perimeter of room The door opening = 900 mim = 0.9 m. [Skiing will not be provided for tis lenath) Thus, net perimeter of room for which skiding needs fo be provided = 8.40. The height of skiting = £00 mm = 0.6 m. Thus, area of skiing = 0.4 x7.5= 4.5 som. (2) Thus, otal area for which ting needs to be provided = 4.32 + 4.5 = 8.82 sq.m. ...(by adding 1 & 2) The tle size = 200 mm x 200 mm =0.3x0.3 sq.m, = 0009 sqm. Thus, total number of ceramic tiles required for internal flooring = 882 /0.09 = 98 (18+24 sm @.54. In a housing project, 75% of the permissible FAR was ulllized after constructing four numbers eight storey MIG. towers with Identical floor area of 400 sq.m. if three numbers seven storey LIG towers with Identical floor area are buil utilizing the remaining FAR, the floor area of each UG tower is _ sq.m. (round off o 2 decimal places). ‘Ans. 203.17 (As per Final Answer Key, all fhe answers are considered as correct and ‘Marksto All’ have been given). Explanation: Foor area ef | No.of | Tolaino. | Total ioor pee ee ed ee FAR utilized (Given) Total FAR (100 %) _ 12,800 | 75% (ie.. 12,800 sa.m. is | (12800 x 100)/75 = 17086.67 oo S “ sam. | 75% of fotol FAR) sqm. 7066.67 — 12,800 = 4266.67 sqm. Thus, temaining FAR which can be utilized to construct UG towers [AS per given condition, proposed no. of towers & storey Of LIG tower = 3 & 7 respectively. 203.17 ‘hus, identical floor area by utilizing the remaining FAR = 4266.67 / (3x7 @.55. Using the following valves (as mentioned in the 1* to 5* row of table below) of thermal conductance (correct word here should be ante conductivity), surface conductance and thermal resistance, the U- sasacre Riad value across the given waillcross-seclionis__ W/m? °C. (Round off 102 decimal places.) 50mm Cavity ‘Ans. 1.67 (As per Final Answer Key, allthe answers are considered as y correct and ‘Marks fo Al have been given) Yo Thermal conductivity (K- Valve) Surlace conductance (G-Value) Brick Wall Plastering Intemal surface Extemal surface 1.2WimeC. 0.5 W/mec 80 W/meeC 9.5 Wimn2eC Thickness = 200 mm (02m) | Thickness = 20 mm (002m) - = Thermal resistance (R-Valve| of 50 mm wall cavity = 0.17 m2°C/W ‘he relation between ‘Surfoce Conductance (C-Value)" & Surface Resistonce |R-Volve) is R-Value = 1/C-Valve Thus, R-Value of above components willbe as follows ‘Als0, R-Valve (Thermal Resistance) = thlekness / k-valve. Brick Wall Plastering Intemal surtace Extemal suiface O2/12= 0.02/05 56 wl ie ovemeecrw (1) onamecw (2) 0.125 me°CrW (3) o.osmecrw (4) Thermal resistance (R-Value] of $0 mm wall cavity = 0.17 m?°C/W (Given) ......(5) ‘Thus, total thermal resistance of wall section = 0.6 m?°C/W (By adding 1,2, 3, 48 5) he relation between Thermal lransmittance (U-Value) 2 Thermal resistance (R-Value) is U- Value = 1/ R-Value Thus, U-Valve of wail cross-section = 1/0.6 = 1.67 W/m? °C (Refer Q.14, GATE-2016 & @31, GATE-2014 for more information & similar example),