TOPIC 3: CELL STRUCTURE, REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 3A: Cell structure

1 The diagram below represents the ultrastructure of part of an animal cell.

(a) Name the organelles labelled X and Y.

(2)

X ............................................................................................................................................

Y.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Define the term ‘ultrastructure’.

(1)

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 (c) Explain why the ultrastructure of cells is only visible using the transmission
electron microscope.

(2)

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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

2 State the functions of the following organelles.

(a) mitochondria

(1)

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(b) lysosomes

(1)

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(c) centrioles

(1)

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(Total for Question 2 = 3 marks)

3 (a) All of the structures shown in the diagram in question 1 are found in plant
cells, except one. Which structure is not found in plant cells?

(1)

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(b) Name one structure found only in plant cells and not in animal cells.

(1)

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(Total for Question 3 = 2 marks)

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4 (a) Staining specimens of cells improves contrast. Explain the importance of
staining to our understanding of cell structure.

(2)

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..............................................................................................................................................

(b) Heavy metals are used to stain cells examined in the transmission electron
microscope. Explain why.

(2)

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(Total for Question 4 = 4 marks)

5 The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell.

(a) Name the structures W, X, Y and Z, labelled on the diagram.

(4)

W............................................................................................................................................

X.............................................................................................................................................

Y.............................................................................................................................................

Z.............................................................................................................................................

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(b) Which option below correctly shows the structure of Gram positive and
Gram negative bacterial walls and how Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria respond to Gram staining?

(1)

Gram positive Gram negative

Result with Result with

Wall structure Wall structure
Gram stain Gram stain

thin peptidoglycan with thick peptidoglycan

A violet pink
one membrane and two membranes

thick peptidoglycan thin peptidoglycan

B violet pink
with one membrane with two membranes

thick peptidoglycan thick peptidoglycan

C pink violet
with two membranes with two membranes

thick peptidoglycan thin peptidoglycan

D pink violet
with one membrane with one membrane

Your answer

(c) Which option below correctly names the shapes of the bacteria shown in the
diagram?

(1)

1 2 3 4

A bacilli cocci vibrios spirella

B cocci bacilli spirella vibrios

C bacilli cocci spirella vibrios

D cocci bacilli vibrios spirella

Your answer
(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)

TOTAL FOR ASSESSMENT = 20 MARKS

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