ONS

Topic: Three-dimensional Geometry(STRAIGHT LINES)

4−𝑥 𝑦 1−𝑧
1) Find the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, 3, -8) to the line 2 = 6 = 3 . Also, find
the perpendicular distance from the given point to the line.
2) Define skew lines. Use only vector approach, find the shortest distance between the lines &
find the equation of S.D. given by-
𝑟⃗ = (8 + 3𝜆)𝑖̂ − (9 + 16𝜆)𝑗̂ + (10 + 7𝜆)𝑘̂ & 𝑟⃗ = 15𝑖̂ + 29𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ + 𝜇(3𝑖̂ + 8𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ )
3) If l1, m1, n1 ; l2, m2, n2 ; l3, m3, n3 are the direction cosines of three mutually perpendicular lines,
prove that the line whose direction cosines are proportional to l1 + l2 + l3 , m1 + m2 + m3,
n1 + n2 + n3 makes equal angles with them.
𝑥−3 𝑦−3 𝑧
4) Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersects the line 2 = 1 = 1 at
𝜋
angles of 3 each.
5) If a variable line in two adjacent positions has direction cosines l, m, n & l+ 𝜕l, m+ 𝜕m, n+ 𝜕n,
show that the small angle 𝜕𝜃 between two positions is given by 𝜕𝜃 2 = 𝜕𝑙 2 + 𝜕𝑚2 + 𝜕𝑛 2 .
6) If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽 & 𝛾 with the coordinate axes, then prove that
(i)𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛾 = 2
(ii)cos 2𝛼 + cos 2𝛽 + cos 2𝛾 = −1
7) If the equation of a line is x= ay + b, z= cy + d, then find direction ratios of the line & a point on
the line.
8) A line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝜕 with four diagonals of a cube. Prove that-
4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛾 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜕 =
3
9) Find the vector & Cartesian equations of a line through the point (1, -1, 1) & perpendicular to
the lines joining the points (4, 3, 2) , (1, -1, 0) & (1, 2, -1) , (2, 1, 1).
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑥−4 𝑧+1
10) Show that the lines 3 = −1 , 𝑧 + 1 = 0 & 2 = 3 , 𝑦 = 0 intersect each other. Also, find
their point of intersection.
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
11) Find the point on the line = = at a distance of 3√2 from the point (1, 2, 3).
3 2 2
12) Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular & the length of the perpendicular drawn
from the point P(5, 4, 2) to the line 𝑟⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ). Also, find the image of P
in this line.
13) Write the nature of the lines 𝑟⃗ = (4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 0 𝑘̂) + 𝜆(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂) &
𝑟⃗ = (𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ ). Also, find the S.D. between them.
14) Find the values of a so that the lines are skew -
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−𝑎 𝑥−4 𝑦−1
= 3 = 4 & 5 = 2 = 𝑧.
2
15) Find the value of 𝜆 so that the following lines are perpendicular to each other
1−𝑥 7𝑦−14 5𝑧−10 7−7𝑥 𝑦−5 6−𝑧
3
= 2𝜆 = 11 & 3𝜆 = 1 = 5 .
𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧+1 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
16) Find the equation of the line which intersects the line 1 = 2 = 4 & 2 = 3 = 4 &
passes through the point (1, 1, 1).
17) If l1, m1, n1 & l2, m2, n2 are direction cosines of two mutually perpendicular lines , show that
the d.c.'s of the line perpendicular to both of these are m1m2 – m2n1 ,n1l2 – n2l1 , l1m2– l2m1.