rm Nig or FURTHER READING ET in & Se, New York, wre Tsing fr Ait Paton Cony cau a0 4 (Academie he nd Toward Physica “parame A Te 7 pee nd rie me nan een al ae ‘orrection methods. plication ofthese fs rian ornate ee ee itso could be applied without eterely petting the bay of the operation, Control of the pollutant atthe source can be accomplished in 5 ways through raw material changes, operational changes, modification oF nent of reese cguipment, and ky mer ofitive operation of exiting equipment. mien source correction methods can not achieve the desired goal of air pollution ein se 8 ade of eluent gus cleaning techniques. These involve many ofthe chemi- ‘Jeagneering unit operations and at present form the main part of pollution contol chology. §2S0URCE CORRECTION METHODS ang {21 Raw Material Changes f ‘Yapurticlar raw material is responsible for eausing air pollution, use of purer grade few material is often beneficial and may reduce the formation of undesirable imparites {oibyproduts or may even eliminate the troublesome efluent. typical example ofthis ‘pach is the use of low-sulphur fel in place of high-sulphur ones. of {peprwdaces less pollution than that of ccl, but a major drawback thir limited availability for wholesale use,gutta of coal The sgl coe which are bervee eed nth eee ae cat ae a dct. burnt by nting air into the bet exh anf engine Sat oe einai PTOCESS Ch (fan obtained ty nsabe modifications in th crburatn and gon ens ve ie Pett ary foi ram eer, hoc agar ead ine he = fe goed a5 8 ging meal Fi do terete hang de erp sd dapat ge a re. high Presa AMM 8 ae loess can be muinimined by designing the tanks sith fasting ref eenne rote Sar spine Ping the tanks tes weet feof ath aby a a i te and | Hever an alteratve power sure for aaanebes pas ote nel cae, aeolrnent atonal example of wuipneat seas Bogen encanta Ina operation can be redocedy Prope equpment malatesanebsetoeping sense inte facilities and premises. Often changes in the desig eal exam gol an con nicl hs aaa eee Sen ras lets fen vee kg und ats, nga deter ne ve as lag: ae as ig ast 30 orage bine and sls, loading areas, and ‘material tnnaer conveyors st oa sduce dust pollution, scered by passing the lpr is Feo vation en tte Sigal Sslhunsaton proce il ean ec the an mi ang ef the reas of materials to the g G OF GASEOUS EFFLUENTS = sation and the non-condeng reel which was core eal eahnology for the removal of gaseous pollutant emissions after thee formation bas Se inl rai ren ie ich wat ns aa Bento tcc ec Saal es a i now recycled and wed in Cans - i i “emissions of pollutants can not be prevented and pollution eontrol equipment i. vf dust generation in cement plants, So faxewhere rave) Botary ins are a major source of b te remove them from the main gas stream. Normally, it is more economical vn the ilo operation by adjusting opera onceseary ng i aa et ray be hie othe ate canal heen equipment athe ue where tha palluans are presen nll Redon ofthe ese adene curtain ofight-weight chain atthe ‘ble vale in relatively high concentrations at oa pal we seimdacn and plement ee restore the pollutants are dite by aber proces gases or sie The site tthe ncn ed to dst enrol fi ening highly sje ‘espe is directly relate to tho volume being treated, and equipment costs ean bo ae cick iy sie promos Senxally reduced by decreasing the exhaust volume. At the same time, the maternal These enssions are being curtailed by major process changes ay se efteint for the handling of higher concentration of pollutant. Gas deaning ‘clara! partion fe and we of suphies in paper making. ison ef fechniques used alone, or in conjunction with source correction methods form the bass of Inthe elas, radially diet process as een proposed to lower ca-day air resource management concepts. The methods are often integrated into nites dcngentoen Io pres culpnrbsving Soa cy eno, tanh allman plhaant decane: sal emg are inetd int ales on bath The eosbustibles in te fuel are partially ‘se unit operation. ‘artes mincnde within the mote in bat; the gaseous CO comes off abt mission control equipment may be classified into two general types: particulate conta ‘ata ire and is brat ect i a conventional manner. The sulphur ‘ype, and goss and odours contol typ. For gaseous pollutants the ion bath and forme lag withthe limestone, which is removed. dasees or methods are available, The first class comprises the wet Over exarpee involving process change inclde: (1) reduction of th sorption methods, and the seeond elass includes methods tic ardes is cmbustion chambers blo earess air combustion in two aleration ofthe pollutant, usually through combustion or spelt sn water iapcten 2) mashing the al before pul ‘echanism in all these isthe diffusion ofthe particular eas Srschemisions, en sittin of aie a for foorine stucrbing iquid or adsorbing solid or catalyst, or to the hearth method, ‘pn Onliner ea} area £23 Equipment as stream toa colleting surface or r Moditeation o Replacement slvatag ofthe actare and proper of pariclateonl etd we Easomant oss of discrete and my ain Fig 5.1. From this information, the efficiency in each size range can be ina uate, a ss am down to 0.1 uy 300 an Ee alls ber of factors the phy _ got __ fraction in range SSI" CONTROL i collected tected 199 (62) a mn ir Percent 63) san cocentation ine mm, eat ind buidity of gage . j ae and amity ecu amount in range “i” eatering the collector 20 al fficiene Th ean then be calculated over n numberof size factions ae a rs ena caught iO retain ett tlt talc. Tiss known ay wet jnt of material collected _ al amount entering the collector, ing table shows the sie distribution of« dust sample and the fraction eiceney i a gas cleaning equipment. Caleulate the overall collector efficiency. Pac Set) Fig 51 Patil eine curve parte collection stems, the efficiency of collection varies variation of ten : ‘sete expressed inthe ‘ form of fractional1) (00416 ge ante) one +(004%18) lng chamber the gas stream, with ts entrained particles alowed te fow wh int ng cet ne eat dore eter yrcet (0167) *(008>81) a eer is the Howard type whose simplified diagram ix chown i Pg 53. BY “mn cin over tray, the collection ficiency ofthe devie ia improved since the ga flow oo) (0152 (015599) pthc rei tantinly nse wy ch pri mach (aos eo fll before reaching the bottom a the posage joaxa (088) (0055100) = sa } | 7) = | ck in L—_l unearth = jonect 543 Pra Cael EO arate mate OD Eta gy ‘Ta inchs of rial impaction, inertial rain poate reat, ein ii, a ech ke a 20 OF more fy rupee Give rad eateries: (1) gravitation eee ite el 0) rsa Presptters, and (soe chambers and cyclone separators will not ce ian ‘snal-ize particles. For most practical a wamber having dimensions J x W x H, and n number of trays ineluding fabric ltrs, electrostatic precipitators and high energy scrubbers are fer ..the hydraulic diameter for flow passage between the trays is given by teraemes aan cel pits ee £43 Graton Sting Chambers Weal Ccnvtntenl ting curs re geonraiy wed 0 remove larg, cay sonia ses pcre Ty er ow preanae dea ‘anes ee ees gus ow fr erties wallet Chal id a Stet tonne pti hare ach male sins than 80 jan Sealy end pcs prt pasing the gan stream ing So ctf brit pe ng ca 464) bed | ‘utatng fr v and Dy inthe BC = ct pee 200 ag a) ey Piss The spacing between the trays, AH, is given by A V ane ne = Pe sotesnale