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BPME3073 - PJJ - Topik 1 2
BPME3073 - PJJ - Topik 1 2
Petani
(Contoh Kilang ROTI)
Who are the entrepreneurs?
Entrepreneur is derived from the French entreprendre,
meaning “to undertake.”
The entrepreneur is one who undertakes to organize,
manage, and assume the risks of a business.
Although no single definition of entrepreneur exists
and no one profile can represent today’s entrepreneur,
research is providing an increasingly sharper focus on
the subject.
The recognition of entrepreneurs as a class dates
back to eighteenth-century France when Irish-
French banker and investor Richard Cantillon
associated entrepreneurs with ‘risk-bearing’ activity
in the economy. Kuratko (2017).
Kuratko (2017).
Kuratko (2017).
Who are the entrepreneurs?
An entrepreneur is one who creates a new business in
the face of risk and uncertainty for the purpose of
achieving profit and growth by identifying significant
opportunities and assembling the necessary resources to
capitalize on them. (Scarborough & Cornwall, 2016).
Views of other scholars on
entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship by Robert C. Ronstadt:
The dynamic process of creating incremental wealth.
This wealth is created by individuals who assume
major risks in terms of equity, time, and/or career
commitment of providing value for a product or
service.
The product or service itself may or may not be new or
unique but the entrepreneur must somehow infuse
value by securing and allocating the necessary skills
and resources.
Kuratko (2017).
Views of other scholars on
entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship by Kuratko (2017):
A dynamic process of vision, change, and creation.
Requires an application of energy and passion towards
the creation and implementation of new ideas and
creative solutions.
Essential ingredients include:
The willingness to take calculated risks—in terms of time,
equity, or career.
The ability to formulate an effective venture team; the
creative skill to marshal needed resources.
The fundamental skills of building a solid business plan.
The vision to recognize opportunity where others see
chaos, contradiction, and confusion.
DEFINISI KEUSAHAWANAN
Richard Cantillon
- seorang ahli ekonomi Perancis campuran Irish dianggap oleh
Schumpeter (1934) sebagai orang pertama yang memperkenalkan
konsep keusahawanan.
Kamus Webster's New World:
- Seseorang yang mengorganisasi dan mengurus pengambilalihan,
mengandaikan risiko untuk demi keuntungan.
• Hull, Bosley dan Udel (1980) :
- Individu-individu yang membeli atau mewarisi perniagaan sedia
ada dengan niat (dan usaha berterusan) meluaskannya.
• Meredith, Nelson dan Neck (1982):
- Usahawan adalah orang yang mampu melihat dan menilai
peluang-peluang perniagaan, menggabungkan keperluan sumber-
sumber untuk mengambil peluang serta mengambil tindakan
bersesuaian demi memastikan kejayaan. DISEDIAKAN OLEH: MATHIVANNAN JAGANATHAN
SADE 1013 ASAS KEUSAHAWANAN
Ciri-ciri yang terdapat dalam definisi keusahawanan
13
Rational;
Kuratko (2017).
Source: John A. Hornaday, “Research about Living Entrepreneurs,” in Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, ed. Calvin
Kent, Donald Sexton, and Karl Vesper, © 1982, 26–27. Adapted by permission of Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Common Characteristics of Entrepreneurs
Commitment, Calculated risk taking
determination, and Tolerance for failure
perseverance
High energy level
Drive to achieve
Creativity and
Opportunity orientation Innovativeness
Initiative and responsibility
Vision
Persistent problem solving Self-confidence and
Seeking feedback optimism
Internal locus of control Independence
Tolerance for ambiguity Team building
Kuratko (2017).
Entrepreneurial Profile by
Scarborough & Cornwall (2016) – page 22 - 28
7/29/21
CIRI UTAMA USAHAWAN PENIAGA KECIL
Pengurusan Kaedah pengurusan yang Kaedah pengurusan yang
cekap, sistematik dan terkini statik dan mempunyai
serta mempunyai gaya tahap kepimpinan yang
kepimpinan yang tinggi. rendah
Menggembleng Berupaya mengemblengkan Mengemblengkan sumber
sumber secara kreatif dan untuk penerusan
sumber inovatif bagi perkembangan perniagaan.
perniagaan.
Skala Perniagaan yang dibentuk Perniagaan yang dibentuk
pada peringkat awalnya pada peringkat awalnya
Perniagaan mempunyai skala operasi yang pada skala yang kecil dan
kecil, tetapi sentiasa mencari tidak berupaya
peluang untuk mengembangkan
mengembangkan perniagaannya.
perniagaannya
Orientasi terhadap Sentiasa mencari, melihat dan Sukar mengembangkan
peluang merebut peluang yang ada perniagaan kerana tidak
untuk mengembangkan berupaya untuk mengenal
perniagaannya pasti peluang
7/29/21
Sumbangan & Manafaat Keusahawanan
Kepada Individu
Ø Sumber rezeki, kehidupan selesa, status & imej.
Kepada masyarakat
Ø Meningkatkan kualiti kehidupan masyakat, sediakan
peluang pekerjaan, menawarkan pilihan produk/servis.
Kepada Negara
Ø Pembangunan sosio-ekonomi negara, peningkatan
pendapatan perkapita, produktiviti negara, hasil kepada
negara dalam bentuk cukai dan zakat.
The Benefits of Entrepreneurship by
Scarborough & Cornwall (2016) – page 28 - 33
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