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TLE- Agriculture
and Fishery Arts
Quarter 3; Week 7-8 – Module 6
Classification of Plants & Irrigation
and Water Needs of Vegetables

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper/notebook.

1. These vegetables do not need structure for support. They can stand and
grow on their own.
A. Bush type B. Tree vegetable C. Vine crops D. Cash crops

2. These vegetables do not need any support because they are mostly woody.
A. Bush type B. Tree vegetable C. Vine crops D. Cash crops

3. These are also known as the climbing plants.

A. Cash crops B. Bush type C. Tree vegetables D. Vine crops

4. The following are some of the common vegetable crops that need support
to grow. Which is not included?
A. Pole beans B. Cucumber C. Ampalaya D. Malunggay

5. This is essential in crop production.

A. Water B. Vitamins C. Soil D. Injection

6. Plants use energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water to
sugar. This process is known as ________________.
A. autolysis C. dialysis
B. photosynthesis D. diagnosis

7. This is the overflowing water during a heavy rain that ends up as excess
water on the surface of the soil.
A. Capillary water C. Gravitational water
B. Hygroscopic water D. Ice water

8. This is the most usable form of water for plants that moves laterally where
root hairs abound.
A. Capillary water C. Gravitational water
B. Hygroscopic water D. Ice water

9. This is commonly known as rainwater, falling directly from the clouds onto
the field.
A. Gravitational water C. Capillary water
B. Rainfed water D. Hygroscopic water

10. This refers to the transfer of water from a source to the site where the
plants are located.
A. Watering B. Draining C. Sterilizing D. Heating

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 Classification of Plants & Irrigation
and Water Needs of Vegetables
In our previous lessons we discussed on the steps in transplanting
seedlings and the methods of planting vegetable crops.
We will now be discussing on the following topics, namely:
Classification of Plants and Irrigation and Water Needs of Vegetables. We will
discuss these lessons one at a time to give you an easy step to the different
activities.

What’s In

Before going to our new lessons for today, please answer the following review
questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper/notebook.
1. When is the best time to transplant vegetable seedlings? Why is this so?
2. What do you call the seedlings prepared for transplanting?
3. What are the three methods of planting vegetable crops? Enumerate.

What’s New

Classification of Plants
There are various kinds of vegetables growing in different regions of the
Earth. Despite their diversity, however, vegetable can be classified based on
the structure. Vegetables are generally classified according to the following
scheme.

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 Bush Type
These vegetables do not need structure
for support. They can stand and grow
on their own. The bush types are lower
than trees in terms of height. They are
short, erect and could either be
herbaceous or shrubs. Examples of the
bush types of vegetables are eggplants,
tomatoes, and bell peppers.

Tree Vegetable
Although
they are tall, tree vegetables do not need any
support because they are mostly woody.
Unlike other veggies, they have barks that
prevent too much loss of water along the
tree's trunk. An example of a tree vegetable is
malunggay.

Vine Crops
Vines are also known as the climbing plants.
They have soft and succulent stems. Vine crops
will climb if there is a support or a trellis. They
follow where the support goes, either
horizontally or vertically. This is because most
of these vine crops possess modified structures
called tendrils. These vegetative parts are so
sensitive that they coil around anything they
touch.

Vegetables That Need Support

The following are some of the common vegetable crops that need
support to grow. Note that all of them are vines.

1. Pole beans 3. Ampalaya

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2. Cucumber

Irrigation and Water Needs of Vegetables

Water is essential in vegetable production. Like all living things, plants
need water to grow. The importance of water to plant can be illustrated by the fact
that about 60-70% of the body of an organism, including plants, is composed of
water.
There are places where water is a very precious resource. Vegetable producers
must therefore be aware of the proper ways to manage their water resources to
maintain the stability of the business. Knowledge of irrigation systems and water
management is very essential for this reason.

Importance of Water
Water is indispensable in the lives of plants and other living organisms
because it also provides necessary nutrients in its development. Food without water
is like life without oxygen.
The molecular structure of water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and
an atom of oxygen (H2 O). Several properties of water make it necessary to sustain
the different biological processes in plants such as digestion, assimilation, excretion,
circulation, and transpiration. Water is the universal solvent: most of the materials
found on Earth can be dissolved in water. Some of the substances found inside the
plants are dissolved first in water and then transported through the plant's vascular
system.
Plants also need water to manufacture food. In process known as
photosynthesis, plants use energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water
to sugar. These starches and sugars become the plants foods. When too much
glucose is produced in photosynthesis, it is stored as starch in other structures of
plants such as roots. This is the reason why we have starchy root crops like camote
and ube. The process of photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast located in each
plant cell specifically in the leaves of the plants. Below is the chemical equation that
summarizes that process of photosynthesis:

6CO2 + 6H2O + LIGHT ENERGY C6H12O6 + 6O2

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Wilting
When plants are not watered regularly, you will notice that they start to wilt. This
is because plant cells need an adequate supply of water to maintain their firm
structure. To keep the desired structure of plant cells, water absorbed by the plant
exerts pressure along the cells of the plant. This is referred to as turgor pressure
and is the reason why vegetable vendors in the market always sprinkle water on leafy
vegetables. Plants with succulent stems usually wilts easily.

Forms of Water
Water as an essential requirement of growing plants comes in many forms. These
are as follows:

1. Gravitational Water
This is the overflowing water during heavy rain that end up as an excess water
on the surface of the soil. This is considered unwanted water as far as plants are
concerned.

2. Hygroscopic water
This is the water found in between the small particles of the soil. This is likewise
not needed by a plant.

3. Capillary Water
This is the most usable form of water for plants that moves laterally where root
hairs abound. Capillary water is the form of water being absorbed by plants through
the root system.

Methods of Providing Water

Irrigation is defined as artificial application of water. It could be done in various
methods which may be classified as follows:

1. For irrigated land

a. Gravity comes from a dam. Water coming from a dam is distributed through
gravity. As the saying goes "water always seeks its own level," so that its movement
is always from higher to lower land.
b. Pump may require a motorized structure to draw water from as deep as 100
meters below the ground.
c. Well is a method of digging and excavating soil below the surface of the ground to
draw water from an open hole.

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2. Rainfed
This is commonly known as rainwater, falling directly from the clouds onto the
field.

3. Watering
This refers to the transfer of water from a source to the site where the plants are
located. This is what we usually do in providing water to plants. Watering can be
done using the following materials:
• Watering can • Sprinkler • Hose

Route of Water

Water takes its route from the soil through the root hairs. It then goes up to
the tertiary roots then to the secondary roots and finally to the main root which is a
part of the shoot. From here, water is distributed to the different parts of the plant.
The final destinations are the leaves which are the primary structures and the site of
photosynthesis.
The upward movement of water is explained by the theory of adhesion with
the xylem as the main pathway of water. Xylem is the vascular tissue located along
the cambium layer together with the phloem. It carries water towards the leaves of
the plant. On the other hand, phloem carries the nutrients towards
the leaves and even back to the roots. The cambium layer is located
just beside the bark in dicots and in piths in monocots.
What is It
In maintaining the growth of vegetables, we need to know
plant classification. In so doing, we can determine which vegetable plants need
structure for support, and which plants do not need structure for support.
Maintenance will then be easy.

One way also of maintaining the growth of vegetables is through irrigation and
water needs of vegetables. Water is very important in vegetable production. Water is
indispensable in the lives of plants. Without water, the different biological processes
in plants such as digestion, assimilation, excretion, circulation, and transpiration
will not made possible. Water is considered the universal solvent on most of the
materials found on Earth. Plants will experience wilting if they are not watered
regularly.
With the regular application of water, it takes its route from the soil through
the root hairs. From the root hairs, water goes up to the tertiary roots then to the
secondary roots. Finally, the water goes to the main root which is a part of the shoot.
From here, water is distributed to the different parts of the plant.
The final destinations of water are the leaves which are the primary structures
and the site of photosynthesis.

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 What’s More

Answer the following questions in your own understanding.

1. Explain the importance of water in the lives of plants and other living
organisms.
2. Enumerate 2 forms of water and explain each.

What I Have Learned

1. Bush types are vegetables that do not need structure for
support.
2. Tree vegetables do not need any support because they are mostly
woody.
3. Vines are also known as climbing plants.
4. Pole beans, cucumber, and ampalaya are examples of vegetables that
need support.
5. Eggplant, pepper, and tomatoes are examples of bush types of plants.
6. Papaya is an example of a tree vegetable.
7. Water is essential in vegetable production.
8. Water is indispensable in the lives of plants and other living organisms
because it also provides necessary nutrients in its development.
9. In the process known as photosynthesis, plants use energy from the
sun to change carbon dioxide and water to sugar.
10. Gravitational water is the overflowing water on the surface of the soil.
11. Hygroscopic water is the water found in between the small particles of
the soil.
12. Capillary water is the most usable form of water for plants that moves
laterally where root hairs abound.

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 13. Rainfed is commonly known as rain water, falling directly from the
clouds onto the field.
14. Water takes its route from the soil through the root hairs.
15. The final destinations of water are the leaves which are the primary
structures and the site of photosynthesis.
16. Xylem is the vascular tissue located along the cambium layer together
with the phloem.

What I Can Do

Think of other vegetables under the following categories. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper/notebook.

A. Bush Type
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B. Tree
Vegetables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

C. Vines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Enumerate the reasons why water is very essential in plant life.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. These vegetables do not need structure for support. They can stand and
grow on their own.
A. Bush type B. Tree vegetable C. Vines D. Cash crops

2. These vegetables do not need any structure for support because they are
mostly woody.
A. Bush type B. Tree vegetable C. Vines D. Cash crops

3. These are also known as the climbing plants.

A. Cash crops C. Tree vegetables
B. Bush type D. Vines

4. The following are some of the vegetable crops that need support to grow.
Which is NOT included?
A. Pole beans B. Cucumber C. Ampalaya D. Malunggay

5. This is essential in crop production.

A. Water B. Vitamins C. Soil D. Injection

6. Plants use energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water to
sugar. This process is known as _______________.
A. autolysis B. photosynthesis C. dialysis D. diagnosis

7. This is the overflowing water during a heavy rain that end up as excess
water on the surface of the soil.
A. Capillary water C. Gravitational water
B. Hygroscopic water D. Ice Water

8. This is the most usable form of water for plants that moves laterally where
root hairs abound.
A. Capillary water C. Gravitational water
B. Hygroscopic water D. Ice Water

9. This is commonly known as rainwater, falling directly from the clouds

onto the field
A. Gravitational water C. Capillary water
B. Rainfed D. Hygroscopic water

10. This refers to the transfer of water from a source to the site where the
plants are located.
A. Watering B. Draining C. Sterilizing D. Heating

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 Additional Activities

On a separate sheet of paper/notebook, do the following activities.

1. Differentiate the methods of providing water to vegetable crops.
2. Name some places in the country where irrigation systems are poor. How
you describe their agricultural productivity?

References
Agriculture and Fishery Arts l by: Emmanuel S. Valdez, Evez Fernando,
Cristina B. Celarta, Joni M. Albarico

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