Final Requirement

1. Review on the following:

• The Socio-Behavioral Theories of Personality
1. Sigmund Freud: Classical Psychoanalytic Theory
2. Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development
3. Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology
4. Carl Jung: Analytic Theory
5. Karen Horney: Social Psychological Theory
6. BEHAVIORISM (John B. Watson: Founded behaviorism , Ivan Pavlov and
Burrhus Frederic Skinner)
7. SOCIAL LEARNING (Albert Bandura: Observational/Vicarious Learning)
8. COGNITIVE and MORAL DEVELOPMENT (Jean Piaget, Lawrence
Kohlberg: Moral Development)
9. HUMANISM and EXISTENTIALISM (Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs,
Carl Rogers: Person-Centered Theory/Rogerian Personality Theory)
10. Filipino Psychology: Virgilio Enriquez, Felipe de Leon Jr. and AV Lagmay

INSTRUCTION FOR THE PAPER REQUIREMENT

1. There are four cases presented below, choose only TWO. The case also consists of an
initial diagnosis from a Psychologist based on the DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual IV).

2. Present your own assessment of the case using the Socio-behavioral theories of
personality. You may combine Freud and Erikson’s theory to assess the case, or Adler and
Jung’s, or Freud and Jung’s, whichever works for you. You may also use more than two
theories to explain the case.

3. Relate the different theories to the case sample presented hereafter. The assessment
should contain an explanation of the etymology of the disorder and trace the factors that
contribute to the disorder. It should be clear in your assessment that you have related and
incorporate the concepts, main themes to the case.

4. Your assessment should be 1000 words only.

5. Do not copy from your classmates work with an excuse na “nagtingin lang ako ng sample
nya mam”. Still PLAGIARISM! Read the instructions and make your own. Also, if you have
to help your classmates, don’t send your FILE. Anyone caught copying and nagpacopy,
both will be penalized.

6. Submission is done in daigler20.addu.edu.ph

Case Sample 1: Stuttering

“William” was a six-year, eight-month old boy, which was on the severe end of the
stuttering curve. William liked to talk, but was reportedly becoming increasingly frustrated.
Although he had been treated by his school’s clinician for several years, his mother reported
that his stuttering had only continued to become more severe. An initial evaluation of William’s
speech revealed that he presented with 83% stuttered-like disfluency (SLD) in a sample of
three-hundred words. Over the course of the next few months, William refused to engage in any
form of treatment. For whatever reason, he would not participate.

Thus, the therapist educated his family about how to react to William’s stuttering
behavior, and decided to use the Interactive Metronome. The results were apparent after
William used IM for the first time. His mother reported that he was able to produce several
sentences in a row without stuttering on the ride home from therapy. After each session
William’s stuttering improved. However, this phenomenon did not initially maintain, and
insurance coverage would only provide for one session per week. Thus, in September, 2007,
his parents made the decision to buy the IM Home, a version of IM which can be used at home
after initial training by a certified IM provider. William was required to use the IM for 15 to 20
minutes per day. Each week William would come into the office and the therapist would take a
speech sample. As the weeks progressed, the speech samples revealed that both the quantity
and quality of William’s stuttering were changing. He had fewer SLDs, and of these SLDs, fewer
were sound/syllable repetitions, and a greater number were whole word repetitions and Non-
Stuttered Like Dislfuencies (NSLDs)- a trend which is seen in recovery.

William’s home routine became a consistent use of 15 to 20 minutes of IM per day for 5
to 7 times per week. I saw William on April 4, 2008, and after 7 months of intensive IM therapy,
a 300 word speech sample revealed 3 SLD, in the form of whole-word repetitions. His teacher,
Ms. S., reported that William is fluent “most of the time”, but does display some “bumpy speech”
when he is required to read aloud.
William no longer presents with what is clinically defined as stuttering. While no one is
100% fluent, stuttering is defined as three SLDs per 100 words. William no longer uses IM on a
consistent basis. He is able to maintain a level of fluency consistent with that of a person who
does not stutter. His mother reported that other positive changes have evolved since the onset
of William’s use of IM, including elevated attention. William has always been a good student, but
academic improvements have been noted. A great deal more research needs to be performed
in regard to the use of the Interactive Metronome and its efficacy in treating stuttering.

William’s parents divorced when he was still 4 years old, he seemed to be unaffected by
this incident, but when he was 6 years old, his father married another woman. As William spent
his time with his father in his father’s house, he had difficulty relating with his step mom. He
would oftentimes overhear his father and stepmom arguing about William’s mother. This
however proved difficult for William as he cannot express his resentment in the situation. A year
before that, William’s family was also experiencing financial difficulties, since he lived with his
mother, the mother had difficulty sustaining their financial expenses, so William had to be sent
to a public school. Although William’s father was supporting them, because William’s mother
had no stable job, the support oftentimes fell short. In school, William was not very active and
participative, William was a silent student and oftentimes his recourse was in reading his books.

Source: www.interactivemetronome.com.
Case Sample 2: Dissociative Identity Disorder

Paula was raised in the country by two extremely strict Baptist parents who never spared
the rod when disciplining her. Paula recalled being physically abused on several occasions,
especially by her mother, who submerged Paula’s hands in boiling water on a regular basis. In
addition to being physically abused by her mother, Paula was also sexually abused by her
father regularly throughout both her childhood and adult life. When Paula was five years old, her
father began fondling her genitals when there was no one else at home. The abuse continued
on this level until Paula turned eleven and her father caught her kissing a boy in their barn. He
told Paula that if she desired love and affection, she would have to get it from him, and then he
forced her to have intercourse with him. The sexual abuse suddenly turned violent when Paula
turned fifteen. In therapy, Paula recalled an incident in which her father dragged her into his
bedroom, tied her to his bed, and raped her while their neighbor watched. Afterwards, her father
watched while he let his neighbor rape her too.

Paula’s subsequent relationships with men were also very unhealthy. When Paula was
sixteen, she met a thirty-one year old man named Cal, who also took advantage of her sexually.
Despite Cal’s promise that he would marry Paula, he married another woman instead. However,
Paula still continued to engage in a sexual relationship with Cal, even after she finally married
her husband, Roger. Paula’s relationship with Roger was far from healthy also. When she met
Roger, he was married to another woman, but he got a divorce when Paula became pregnant
with his child. Roger was in the Air Force and was stationed overseas, so Paula had to stay with
her parents and raise her baby by herself, out of wedlock, which her parents strongly
disapproved of. Two years after their first child was born, Paula and Roger finally got married
when he came home on leave, and Paula became pregnant again. Roger went overseas again
only to return home one time in three years, so Paula decided to file for divorce.

Paula began taking night classes at a local university while working as a secretary when
she was thirty-eight years old. She was doing exceptionally well in her human sexuality course,
receiving A’s on her first two exams, until she failed to come to class for her third exam. When
her professor questioned her about missing the exam, Paula swore that she had no idea where
she was the day she was that day. Her professor’s concern escalated when she wrote a paper
about being sexually abused by her father, and she referred her to a psychologist for
counseling.

Paula’s therapist, Dr. Harpin, originally diagnosed Paula as having borderline personality
disorder due to her pattern of highly fluctuating mood states, apparent alcohol abuse, and highly
volatile personal relationships. Paula reported feeling depressed, and even attempted suicide
on a number of occasions. During these episodes, Paula claimed that she felt dizzy and
experienced extremely intense headaches. She also began experiencing periods of temporary
amnesia.

It wasn’t until over a year later that Dr. Harpin was able to officially diagnose Paula with
dissociative identity disorder. Dr. Harpin had just concluded a hypnosis session in an effort to
help Paula regain her memory from one of her episodes of amnesia when Paula complained of
an intense headache. Suddenly Paula seemed much disoriented. She did not know where she
was, but she claimed that her name was Sherry and that she was thirty years old. It was later
discovered in therapy that "Sherry" was created in order to protect Paula from suffering from the
emotional trauma of her father’s sexual assaults.
 Sherry was aware of the other alters within Paula, and she told Dr. Harpin of another
alter, named Janet. Janet was an extremely angry teenager. She admitted that she was
responsible for Paula’s alcohol abuse and her extramarital affair with Cal. Later on in therapy,
Sherry told Dr. Harpin that she and Janet were very concerned for a fourth personality named
Caroline. Caroline was only five years old, but she was very depressed. When Dr. Harpin was
able to speak to Caroline, he noticed that she had a completely different voice from the other
personalities. Both her speech and tone of voice sounded like that of an actual five-year-old
child. Dr. Harpin quickly realized that he could not learn much from Caroline because she was
too afraid to betray her parents, so Caroline was rarely ever summoned during therapy.

Several months later, Paula came to Dr. Harpin with a new concern. She kept finding
one of her father’s loaded guns in her house. Every time she found the gun, she would return it
only to find it back in her house the next day. Stealing a loaded gun was out of character for
Paula’s other personalities, so Dr. Harpin decided to hypnotize Paula to see if there were any
more alters that he had not spoken to. A fifth personality, Heather, emerged. Heather was in
love with Cal, and when Cal would not leave his wife for her, Heather stole Paula’s father’s gun
in order to kill herself. Having a suicidal alter put the pressure on Dr. Harpin to be more
aggressive in initiating the integration of the alters.

In an effort to begin the integration process, Dr. Harpin asked Paula to read Sybil, a well-
known book about a woman with dissociative identity disorder. Paula still completely unaware of
her alters, so she could not understand why Dr. Harpin asked her to read a book on DID. His
logic became painfully clear when Dr. Harpin showed Paula a videotape of a therapy session in
which he was able to speak to all of her alters. Paula did not accept what she saw on the
videotape as the truth initially, but eventually she gave in, accepted her disorder, and agreed to
cooperate with Dr. Harpin’s plan to integrate her alters.

Dr. Harpin tried to make the alters face the sexual abuse that Sherry endured by Paula’s
father, but this technique was unsuccessful. Both Paula and Sherry cried uncontrollably when
confronted with the rape. Dr. Harpin decided to focus strictly on preventing any more alters from
being formed and integrating the alters that already existed. However, Sherry soon became the
dominant alter, and she would not allow Dr. Harpin to make any progress with the other alters.
She engaged in destructive behaviors, such as running away with the intention of drinking as
much alcohol and sleeping with as many men as she possibly could, on several occasions. Dr.
Harpin was finally forced to admit Paula to a mental institution against her will. At the time in
which this case study was written, Dr. Harpin was still not able to integrate Paula’s alters
successfully (Oltmanns, Neale, & Davison, 1995).

Source: http://www.psychology.sbc.edu/schmidt_legacy.html

Paula’s therapist, Dr. Harpin, originally diagnosed Paula as having borderline personality
disorder due to her pattern of highly fluctuating mood states, apparent alcohol abuse, and highly
volatile personal relationships. Paula reported feeling depressed, and even attempted suicide
on a number of occasions. During these episodes, Paula claimed that she felt dizzy and
experienced extremely intense headaches. She also began experiencing periods of temporary
amnesia.

Paula was physically abused by her mother, and sexually abused by her father regularly
throughout both her childhood and adult life.

At fifteen years old, she was sexually abused by her father, at one time, their neighbor
was watching her being raped by her father, afterwards, her father watched while their neighbor
raped her too.
 Paula’s subsequent relationships with men were also very unhealthy. When Paula was
sixteen, she met a thirty-one year old man named Cal, who also took advantage of her sexually.
Despite Cal’s promise that he would marry Paula, he married another woman instead. However,
Paula still continued to engage in a sexual relationship with Cal, even after she finally married
her husband, Roger. Paula’s relationship with Roger was far from healthy also. When she met
Roger, he was married to another woman, but he got a divorce when Paula became pregnant
with his child. Roger was in the Air Force and was stationed overseas, so Paula had to stay with
her parents and raise her baby by herself, out of wedlock, which her parents strongly
disapproved of. Two years after their first child was born, Paula and Roger finally got married
when he came home on leave, and Paula became pregnant again. Roger went overseas again
only to return home one time in three years, so Paula decided to file for divorce.

Case Sample 3:

Serial Killer: John Wayne Gacy.

Web resources:
http://www.prairieghosts.com/gacy.html,
http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/gacy/gacy_1.html,
http://shadowreports.com/2011/02/07/exclusive-john-wayne-gacy-case-background/,
http://crime.about.com/od/serial/p/gacy.htm

Case Sample 4: Suicide. http://www.medicinenet.com/suicide/article.htm, http://suicide.org/,

http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/suicide.html

Note: You can also look for other case samples. Just be sure to provide the link of the case so I
have a background.