LANGUAGE

EDUCATION

RESEARCH
MODULE 2
Presented by: Ms. Mariella T. Fedeles
Objectives

1 Recognize the guidelines in

formulating research topic
2 List the steps in formulating
research problem
3 Write/formulate research
questions
 Research
Process
1 What you want to find out
•PROBLEM

How to go about finding their answer.

2 •PROCESS
•RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
•METHODS, PROCEDURES AND MODELS
Research Process
 •Select a research topic
•Review relevant literature
•State the research problem
and objectives
THE •Formulate the study framework
•Determine the appropriate
RESEARCH methodology
•Collect a relevant data
PROCESS •Analyze and interpret the result
•Prepare the result report
•Present the result in an
appropriate forum
 TWO TYPES:

•IMRAD
PARTS OF A

RESEARCH BY CHAPTERS
PAPER
 •Select a research topic
•Review relevant literature
•State the research problem
and objectives
THE •Formulate the study framework
•Determine the appropriate
RESEARCH methodology
•Collect a relevant data
PROCESS •Analyze and interpret the result
•Prepare the result report
•Present the result in an
appropriate forum
 Guidelines in the Selection of a

Research Problem or Topic

The research problem must be chosen by the

researcher himself so that he will not make excuses for
all the obstacles he will encounter.

The problem must be within the interest of the

researcher so that he will give all the time and effort in
the research work.
 Guidelines in the Selection of a

Research Problem or Topic

The problem must be within the specialization of the

researcher. It will make the work easier for the
researcher because he is familiar in the area and it will
help him improve his specialization, skill and
competence in his own area.
 Guidelines in the Selection of a

Research Problem or Topic

The research problem must be within the competence

of the researcher. The researcher must know the
procedures in making research and how to apply them.
He must have a workable understanding of his study.
 Guidelines in the Selection of a

Research Problem or Topic

The research problem must be manageable. The data

must be available or within the capacity of the
researcher to gather data. The data must be accurate,
objective and not biased. The data should help the
researcher answer the question being investigated.
 Guidelines in the Selection of a

Research Problem or Topic

The research problem must be completed within the

period set by the researcher.
The research problem must be significant, important
and relevant to the present time as well as to the
future. This means that the research problem must
have an impact to the situation and people it is
intended for.
 Guidelines in the Selection of a

Research Problem or Topic

The results of the study must be practical and

implementable.

The study must contribute to the human knowledge.

The facts and knowledge must be a product of
research.
Guidelines Summary

•Interest: a research endeavor is usually time

consuming, and involves hard work and possibly
unforeseen problems. One should select topic of great
interest to sustain the required motivation.
•Magnitude: It is extremely important to select a topic
that you can manage within the time and resources at
your disposal. Narrow the topic down to something
manageable, specific and clear.
Guidelines Summary

•Measurement of concepts: Make sure that you are clear

about the indicators and measurement of concepts (if
used) in your study.
•Level of expertise: Make sure that you have adequate
level of expertise for the task you are proposing since
you need to do the work yourself.
•Relevance: Ensure that your study adds to the existing
body of knowledge, bridges current gap
Guidelines Summary

•Availability of data: Before finalizing the topic, make

sure that data are available.
•Ethical issues: How ethical issues can affect the study
population and how ethical problems can be overcome
should be thoroughly examined at the problem
formulating stage.
Sources of Topic
Reading
Academic Experience
Daily Work Experience
Exposure to the Fields of Situations
Consultations
Brainstorming
Past Research
Intuition
What is research problem?
Research questions are interrogative statements
1 that focus on what variables or concepts are to
be described and what relationships might exist
among them.
A problem statement is a clear, concise
2 description of what a particular body of research
intends to focus on. The statement is used to
limit the scope of the problem. It should also
inform the reader of the importance of the
research and cause him to want to read on.
Steps in Formulating

Research Problem
Example of research problem

1 How educational environment influence the

social and intellectual outcomes of
students?

2 What is the preferred learning styles of the

students and its relationship to their
academic performance?

3 How K-12 influence the career decision of

high school students?
FOLLOW THE STEPS:
Group Activity
From the 3 identified research
topics related to your own
academic field or professional
area. Dissect them into subtopics
and formulate the research
questions and at least 3
objectives.
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THANK YOU
END OF MODULE 2