Engineering College Ajmer

Department of Mechanical Engineering

B. Tech. VI Semester 2019-20
Sub: Refrigeration and Airconditioning
ASSIGNMENT No. 1

1. An ammonia refrigerator works hetween-6.7 °C and 26.7° C, the vapour being dry st the end
of isentropic compression. There is no under-cooling of liquid ammonia and the liquid is
expanded through a throttle valve after leaving the condensor. Sketch the cycle on the Ts and p-h
diagram and calculate the refrigeration effect per kg of ammonia and the theoretical coefficient
of performance of the unit with the help of the properties given below:

Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

(°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
-6.7 °C 152.18 1437.03 0.6016 5.4308
26.7° C 307.18 1467.03 1.1515 5.0203

[Ans. 1028 3 kJ/kg: 7.2]

2. An ammonia refrigerator produces 30 tonnes of ice from and at 0° C in 24 hours. The

temperature range of the compressor is from 25 °C to-15 °C. The vapour is dry saturated at the
end of compression and an expansion valve is used. Assume a coefficient of performance to be
60% of the theoretical value. Calculate the power required to drive the compressor. Latent heat
of ice=335 kl/kg. Properties of ammonia are

Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

(°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
25°C 298.9 1465.84 1.1242 5.0391
-15° C 112.34 1426.54 0.4572 5.5490

[ Ans. 33.24 kW ]

3. An ammonia refrigerating machine fitted with an expansion valve works between the
temperature limits of -10 °C and 30 °C. The vapour is 95% dry at the end of compression and the
fluid leaving the condenser is at 30 °C. If the actual coefficient of performance is 60% of the
theoretical, find the ice produced per kW hour at 0 °C from water at 10 °C. The latent heat of ice
is 335.3 kg. The ammonia has the following properties:

Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

(°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
 25°C 323.08 1145.79 1.2037 4.9842
-15° C 135.37 1297.68 0.5443 5.4770

[ Ans. 33.24 kW ]

4. A R-12 refrigerating machine works on vapour-compression cycle. The temperature of

refrigerant in the evaporator is-20 °C. The vapour is dry saturated when it enters the compressor
and leaves it in a superheated condition. The condenser temperature is 30°C. Assuming specific
heat at constant pressure for R-12 in the superheated condition as 1.884 kJ/kg K, determine (i)
condition of vapour at the entrance to the condenser (ii) condition of vapour at the entrance to the
evaporator, and (iii) theoretical CO.P. of the machine.

Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

(°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
-20 17.82 178.73 0.0731 0.7087
30 64.59 199.62 0.2400 0.6843

[Ans.33.8°C 29% dry 4.07]

5. A CO2 refrigerating plant fitted with an expansion valve, works between the pressure limits of
54.81 bar and 20.93 bar. The vapour is compressed isentropically and leaves the compressor
cylinder at 32° C. The condensation takes place at 18 C in the condenser and there is no
undercooling of the liquid. Determine the theoretical coefficient of performance of the plant.

Pressure Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

(bar) (°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
54.81 +18 137.48 302.55 0.5065 1.0738
20.93 -18 43.27 323.06 0.1733 1.2692

6. A single stage NH3 refrigeration system has cooling capacity of 500 kW. The evaporator and
condenser temperatures are - 10 °C and 30 °C respectively. Assuming saturation cycle,
determine: (i) Mass flow rate of refrigerant (ii) adiabatic discharge temperature (iii) compressor
work in kW (iv) condenser heat rejection (v) COP (vi) compressor swept volume in m 3/min, if
volumctric efficiency is 70%. The following values may be taken:

hg(-10C)=1431.6kJ/kg, hf(30°C)=322.8 kJ/kg, vg(-10°C)=0.4185m3/kg  sg (-10 °C) =5.4717 kl/kg

K.

The properties of superheated NH3 at condenser pressure of 11.66 bar (30 °C) are as follows: At
85°C, h= 1621.8 kJ/kg, s=5.5484 kJ/kg K. At 90°C, h=1634.5 kJ/kg, s=5.4838 kJ/kg K
[Ans. 0.45 kg/s: 88.3ª C , 89 5 kW : 590 kW, 5.585; 162m3/min]
7. The evaporator and condenser temperatures in an NH 3 refrigeration system are-10 °C and 40
°C respectively. Determine per TR basis (i) mass flow rate (ii) compressor work. (iii) condenser
heat rejection (iv) CO.P and (v) refrigerating efficiency, Use only the properties of NH3 given
below:

Saturation Pressure Specific Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

Temperature (bar) volume
(°C) (m3/kg)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
-10 2.908 0.4180 134.95 1431.41 0.5435 5.4712
40 15.55 0.0833 371.47 1472.02 1.3574 4.8728

For superheated NH3 at 15.55 bar, the following values may be taken

Superheat K Specific volume Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

(m3/kg)
60 0.108 1647.9 5.3883
80 0.116 1700.3 5.5253

[Ans. 0.198 kg/min 0.82 &W 4.32 AW 4.27: 81.2% ]

8. In a vapour compression refrigeration system using R-12, the evaporator pressure is 1.4 bar
and the condenser pressure is 8 bar.The refrigerant leaves the condenser sub-cooled to 30 °C.
The vapour leaving the evaporator is dry and saturated. The compression process is isentropic
The amount of heat rejected in the condenser is 13.42 MJ/min. Determine : (i) refrigerating
effect in kJ/kg (ii) refrigerating load in TR. (iii) compressor input in kW (iv) C.O.P. Show the
cycle on a p-h diagram

[Ans. 114 kJ/kg, 49 TR 51.4 kW 3.35]

9. A vapour compression refrigerator works between the temperature limits of-20 °C and 25 °C.
The refrigerant leaves the compressor in dry saturated condition. If the liquid refrigerant is
undercooled to 20° C before entering the throttle valve, determine (i) work required to drive the
compressor (ii) refrigerating effect produced per kg of the refrigerant (iii) theoretical COP.
Assume specific heat of the refrigerant as 4.8. The properties of the refrigerant are

Saturation Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

Temperature (°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
-20 89.78 1420.02 0.3684 5.6244
25 298.90 1465.84 1.1242 5.0391

[ Ans 189.7 kJ/kg, 990.2 kJ/kg, 5.01]

10. A food storage chamber requires a refrigeration system of 12 TR capacity with an evaporator
temperature of -8 C and condenser temperature of 30 °C The refrigerant R-12 is subcooled by 5
°C before entering the throttle valve, and the vapour is superheated by 6 °C before entering the
compressor the liquid and vapour specific heats are 1.235 and 0 733 kJ/kg K respectively, find:
(i) refrigerating effect per kg (ii) mass of refrigerant circulated per minute and (iii) coefficient of
performance. The relevant properties of the refrigerant R-12 are given below

Saturation Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K)

Temperature (°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
-8 28.70 184.06 0.1148 0.7007
30 64.59 199.62 0.2400 0.6853

11. The following data refer to a single cylinder, single acting compressor of an ammonia
refrigeration system. Bore=100 mm, stroke=150 mm, speed=200 rpm, Indicated mean effective
pressure = 3.2 bar, Condenser pressure= 10 bar, Evaporator pressure =3 bar, Temperature of
water at entry to condenser =55° C, Temperature of water at exit from condenser= 20 °C, Rate of
cooling water flowing in the condenser= 12.5 kg/min, Inlet water temperature= 12.5° C Outlet
water temperature = 20.5° C If the mass of ice produced per hour from water at 15° C is 50 kg
and the latent heat of ice is 335 kJ/kg. find : (i) coefficient of performance : (ii) mass flow of
ammonia per minute; and (iii) condition of ammonia entering the compressor

Pressure Saturation Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Specific heat (kJ/kg

(bar) Temperature (°C) K)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
12 31 327.9 1469.5 4.6 2.8
2.9 -10 135.4 1433

12. A freezer of 20 TR capacity has evaporator and condenser temperatures of - 30° C and 25° C
respectively. The refrigerant R-12 is sub-cooled by 4 C before it enters the expansion valve and
is superheated by C before leaving the evaporator. The compression is isentropic and the valve
throttling and clearance are to be neglected. If a six cylinder, single acting compressor with
stroke equal to bore running at 1000 1.p.m. is used, determine (i) C.O.P. of the refrigerating
system, (ii) mass of refrigerant to be circulated per min. (iii) theoretical piston displacement per
minute, and (iv) theoretical bore and stroke of the compressor.The specific heat of liquid R-12
is 1.235 kJ/kg K and of vapour R-12 is 0.733 KJ/kg K. The properties of R-12 are given below

Saturation Pressure Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg Specific volume (m3/kg

Temperature (bar) K)
(°C)
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
-30 1.0044 8.86 174.2 0.0371 0.7171 0.00673 0.1596
25 6.5184 59.7 197.73 0.2239 0.6868 0.00764 0.0269

[Ans. 3.64; 34.12 kg/min ; 5.56 m /min : 0.106 m]

 Engineering College Ajmer
Department of Mechanical Engineering
B. Tech. VI Semester 2019-20
Sub: Refrigeration and Airconditioning
ASSIGNMENT No. 2

1. A simple air refrigeration system is used for an aircraft to take a load of 20 TR. The ambient
pressure and temperature are 0.9 bar and 22°C respectively. The pressure of air is increased to 1
bar due to isentropic ramming action. The air is further compressed in a compressor to 3.5 bar
and then cooled in a heat exchanger to 72°C. Finally, the air is passed through the cooling
turbine and then it is supplied to the cabin at a pressure of 1.03 bar. The air leaves the cabin at a
temperature of 25° C. Assuming the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine as 80
percent and 75 percent respectively, find: (i) power required to take the load in the cooling cabin;
and (ii) C.OP. of the system. Take cp=1.005 kJ/kg K and γ=1.4.

[Ans. 390 kW :0.18]

2. The cockpit of a jet plane is to be cooled by a simple air refrigeration system. The data
available is as follows

Cock-pit cooling load; Speed of the plane=100 km/hr; Ambient air pressure = 0.35 bar Ambient
air temperature =-15°C; Ram efficiency 90%; Pressure ratio in the main compressor=3; Pressure
drop in the heat exchanger=0.1 bar; Isentropic efficiencies of main compressor and cooling
turbine = 80%; Temperature of air entering the cooling turbine=30 °C; Pressure of air leaving the
cooling turbine=1.06 bar; Pressure in the cock-pit=1 bar If the cock-pit is to be maintained at 25°
C, find (i) Stagnation temperature and pressure of air eniering the main compressor (ii) Mass
flow rate of air to cock-pit (iii) Power required to drive he refrigerating system (iv) C.O.P. of
system.

[Ans. 210 kg/min, 477 kW; 0.147]

3. A boot-strap air refrigeration system of 20 TR capacity is used for an aeroplane flying at an

altitude of 2000 m. The ambient air pressure and temperature are 0.8 bar and 0 °C. The ram air
pressure and temperature are 1.05 bar and 17 °C. The pressure of air after isentropic compression
in the main compressor is 4 bar. This air is now cooled to 27° C in another auxiliary heat
exchanger and then expanded isentropically upto the cabin pressure of 1.01 bar. If the air leaves
the cabin at 25° C and the efficiencies for the main compressor, auxiliary compressor and the
cooling turbine are 80%, 75% and 80% respetively; find (i) Power required to operate the
system; and (ii) C.O.P. of the system.
4. A boot strap air refrigeration system is used for an aeroplane to take 10 tonnes of refrigeration
load. The ambient air conditions are 15 °C and 0.9 bar. This air is rammed isentropically to a
pressure of 11 bar. The pressure of the air bled off the main compressor is 3.5 bar and this is
further compressed in secondary compressor to a pressure of 4.5 bar. The isentropic efficiency of
both the compressors is 90% and that of cooling turbine is 85%. The effectiveness of both the
heat exchangers is 0.6. If the cabin is to be maintained at 25°C and the pressure in the cabin is 1
bar, find (i) mass of air passing through the cabin: (ii) power used for the refrigeration system,
and (iii) C.O.P of the system.

(Ans. 553 kg/min, 125 kW 0281]

5. The following data refer to a reduced ambient refrigeration system

Ambient pressure=0.8 bar; Pressure of ram air=1.1 bar; Temperature of ram air=20° C; Pressure
at the end of main compressor =3.3 bar; Efficiency of main compressor=80%; Heat exchanger
effectiveness=80%; Pressure at the exit of the auxiliary turbine=0.8 bar; Efficiency of auxiliary
turbine=85%; Temperature of air leaving the cabin =25 °C; Pressure in the cabin=1.013 bar;
Flow rate of air through cabin=60 kg/min. Find (i) Capacity of the cooling system required, (ii)
Power needed to operate the system (iii) C.O.P of the system.

[Ans. 19.5 TR ; (36 kW; 0.504 ]

6. The following data refers to a reduced ambient air refrigeration system used for an air-craft

Speed of aircraft=1500 km/hr; Ambient pressure=0.8 bar; Ambient temperature=5°C

Ram efficiency=100%; Pressure of cooled air leaving the first cooling turbine=0.8 bar;
Temperature of cooled air leaving the heat exchanger=100°C; Pressure ratio of the main
compressor=3; Pressure loss between the outlet of second cooling turbine and the cabin
=0.1 bar; Pressure in the cabin= 1 bar; Temperature in the cabin=22°C; Load in the cabin=10
TR; Isentropic efficiency of compressor=85%; Isentropic efficiency of both cooling turbines
=80%. Find : (i) mass flow of the air passing through the second cooling turbine (ii) quantity of
ram air passing through the heat exchanger, if the rise in temperature is limited to 80 K; and (iii)
C.O.P. of the system.

[Ans. 54 kg/min; 79.5 kg/min ; 0.26]

7. A regenerative air refrigeration system for an aeroplane is designed to take a load of 30 TR.
The temperature and pressure conditions of the atmosphere are 5 °C and 0.85 bar. The pressure
of the air is increased from 0.85 bar to 1.2 bar due to ramming action. The pressure of air leaving
the main compressor is 4.8 bar. 60% of the total heat of the air leaving the main compressor is
removed in the heat exchanger and then it is passed through the cooling turbine. The temperature
of the rammed air which is used for cooling Purposes in the heat exchanger is reduced to 50° C
by mixing the air coming out from the cooling turbine The isentropic efficiencies of the
compressor and turbine are 90% and 80% respectively. The pressure and temperature required in
the cabin are 1 bar and 25 C respectively. Assuming isentropic ramming and mass of cooled air
passing through the heat exchanger equal to the mass of cooling air, find (i).the ratio of by-
passed air to ram air used for cooling purposes ; and (ii) the power required for maintaining the
cabin at required.

[Ans. 41.2%; 445 kW ]