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    Idol of The Cave

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    Idol of The Cave

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    MORRIS ANUNDA
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    bbbjj

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    Idol of the Cave

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    9 views5 pages

    Idol of The Cave

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    MORRIS ANUNDA
    bbbjj

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5
    Figure 713 JOSEPH WRIGHT, An Esperiner on a te Air Pa, 178. ll on cams, SAL TSN. <7 ATKIN ‘Wight waste fst Westen ast tus ssrtifc experimentation es damati subject rier. Avacum seated by raring a a 2 lass bw, whch dees the bed oxygen. 2 manter brave ft Boon regs, ‘Wet wes ight ob attton tthe arous onesion ante feces of ie micas fy eye and explored the genesis and propagation of light, thus advancing the science of opties beyond the frontiers of Islamic and Renaissanee scholarship. They accurately described the action of gases and the circulation of the blood. By 1660, with the aid of a more highly powered microscope, they identified protozoa and human blood calls. The mysterious process known to ancient and medieval societies as “generation” was described with some precision, when, between 1665 and 1680, scientists atthe tunivessty of Leiden made key discoveries concerning human and animal reproduction. Based on William Harvey's hypothesis that all animals emerge from an egg, and Anton van Leeuwenhoek's microscopic studies of sper- ‘matozoa, science advanced an accurate theory of reproduc- tion (sce Science and Technology boxes). Before the end of the cencury, the great mings of the age formulated the branches of higher mathematics known as analytic geometry, trigonometry, and infinitesimal calcu- lus, by means of which modern scientists might analyze the phenomena of space and motion The New Learning Bacon and the Empirical Method One of the most characteristic features of the Scientific Revolution was its advancement of the empirical method. ‘This method of inquiry depends on direct observation and scientific experimentation as the bases from which one arrives at general conclusions. The process that draws onthe particulars of sensory evidence for the formulation of gener- al principles (or axioms) is known as inductive reasoning. ‘The leading advocate for the empirical method was the English scientist and politician Francis Bacon (1561— 1626). In 1620, Bacon published his Novum Ongar (New Method"), an impassioned plea for objectivity and clear thinking and the strongest defense of the empirical inethod ever written, "Man, being the servant and inter preter of Nature,” wrote Bacon, “can do and understand so. much and so much only as he has observed in fact or in. thought of the course of Nature: beyond this he neither knows anything nor can do anything.” cHAPTE ntfig Reveluion ond the New Lesring 7 80. Bacon argued that human beings might become “the masters and possestors of Nature” only by means of scientific study guided by precise methods. He promoted fan objective system of experimentation, tabulation, and record keeping that became the touchstone of modern scientific inquiry. ‘Unlike earlier humanists, Bacon tuned his back on Aristotle and Classical science. A prophet of the new fearing, he sought to eliminate errors in reasoning derived from blind adherence to craditional sources of authority ‘and religious belief. Advancing his own strategy for the ‘acquisition of knowledge, Bacon warned against four “alse notions” (or Idols, as he called them) that hinder clear and objective thinking. (READING 23.1 From Bacon's Novum Organum rs) 3 “There ere four classes of Wls wich beset ments minds. To these {or distinetonseake Ihave essigned names —caling the est class ‘dls the Tribe the second, idols of the Cave; the hire, ts of| the Marketplace the fourth dos ofthe Their. a “The lols ofthe Tbe have ther foundation inhuman nature ist, and inthe tie or race of men. Fortis false assection thatthe ‘sense ofmanisthe massue of things. Onthe contrary perceptions ‘as wal ofthe sense as ofthe mind are according tothe maasure ofthe individual and nat according to tho measure ofthe univers. And the hhurnan understanding is i aso miro, which, ceiving rays iroguary, distorts and cisclos the nature of things by mingling ts ‘own natre wit 2 “Th ols ofthe Cave ae the ios ofthe individual ma. For every ‘ne besides the errors eomman to human nature in ganeral has @ ‘eave orden of his on, which retracts and dscolors the ight of nature; owing ether his onn proper and peculiar nature; ort hie ‘education and conversation wth others; rt the reaing of books, and the authortyofthose whom he estooms and adres; ort the Aforences of impressions, ccactingly as they take place in a mind ‘reoecupiod end procisposed orin a ind indfeent and sted © the lik, So that the spirit of mon according ast is meted out to

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