Learning Area Practical Research 1 Grade Level 11

Week 5-8
Quarter 3 Date
I. LESSON TITLE Writing Brief Review of Literature
• selects relevant literature
• cites related literature using standard style
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING • synthesizes information from relevant literature
COMPETENCIES • writes coherent review of literature
• follows ethical standards in writing related literature
• presents written review of literature
Writing properly selected, cited, synthesized, coherent and standards-based
III. CORE CONTENT
Review of Related Literature
Suggested
IV. LEARNING
Time Learning Activities
PHASES Frame
A. Introduction 120 mins A good introductory page is a baseline statement of what and how a paper should
Panimula go fluidly. However, a review of related literature will strengthen your claims of a
systematic, purposeful, and well-defined research paper. In this part, you will be
exploring the process or reviewing related literatures.
A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources
relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a
description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research
problem being investigated. (Fink, Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From The Internet
To Paper.) It usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and
synthesis, often within conceptual categories.
The following are features of good literature review (Organizing Your Social Sciences
Research Paper: 5. The Literature Review):
1. Gives a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old
interpretations
2. Traces the intellectual progression of the study
3. Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader of the
research on the most pertinent or relevant research
4. Usually in the conclusion of a literature review, identifies where gaps exist in
how a problem has been researched to date.
Meanwhile, the following are some functions of literature review:
1. It brings clarity and focus to your research problem
• It helps you to define the relationship between your research problem and the
body of knowledge in the area.
2. It improves your methodology
• Literature review acquaints you with the methodologies that have been used
by others to find answers to questions similar to the one you are investigating.
• It tells you if others have used procedures and methods similar to the ones that
you are proposing, which procedures and methods worked well for them and
what pitfalls they have faced with them.
3. It broadens your knowledge base in your research area
• Literature review ensures you read widely around the subject area in which you
intend to conduct your research study.
• It is important to know what other researchers have found in regard to the same
or similar questions, what theories have been put forward and what gap exists
in the relevant body of knowledge
4. It contextualizes your findings
• Literature review helps identifying how your findings compare with the existing
body of knowledge. How do answers to your questions compare with what
other have found? What contribution have you been able to make to the
existing body of knowledge? How your finding different from others?
Now here’s a five-step process of conducting literature review
1. Search for existing literature in your area of study
• Set parameters for your search. Start with at least some ideas of the broad
subject area and of the problem you wish to investigate.
 • Next, compile a bibliography for this broad area. Be aware that sometimes a
title does not provide enough information to decide if a book/ journal is going
to be of use.
• Start with the latest issue, examine its contents page to see if there is an article
of relevance to your research topic.
• Start by reading the abstract. If it is relevant then download and read.
2. Review the literature selected
• Now that you have identified several books and articles as useful, the next step
is to start reading them critically to pull together themes and issues that are
associated.
• If you do not have a theoretical framework or themes in mind to start with, use
separate sheets of paper for each article or book.
• Once you develop rough frameworks, slot the findings from the material so far
reviewed into that framework, using a separate sheet of paper for each themes
of that framework. As you read further, go on slotting the information where it
logically belongs under the themes so far developed.
• Notice where there are significant differences of opinion among researchers
and give your opinion about the validity of these differences.
• Ascertain the areas in which little or nothing is known-the gaps that exist in the
body of knowledge.
3. Develop a theoretical framework
• As you start reading the literature, you will soon discover that the problem you
wish to investigate has its roots in a number of theories that have been
developed from different perspectives.
4. Develop a conceptual framework
• The conceptual framework stems from the theoretical framework and
concentrates, usually, on one section of that theoretical framework which
becomes the basis of your study.
5. Write the literature reviewed
• While reading the literature for theoretical background of your study, you will
realize that certain themes have emerged.
• List the main ones, converting them into subheadings. These subheadings
should be precise, descriptive of the theme in question, and follow a logical
progression.

The different elements of a typical research literature (Hewitt, 2009) include:

1. Journals are published in issues at regular intervals usually weekly, monthly or
quarterly. These are either (1) Research journals, which are published peer-
reviewed articles or (2) Professional journals, which are published articles on
professional issues, service developments, the use of research findings in practice
and some short research articles.
2. Theses and dissertations are very detailed and comprehensive accounts of research
work. They are usually submitted for a higher degree at a university.
3. Conference proceedings comprise brief summaries of research work presented at
conferences.
4. Books and textbooks generally provide comprehensive overviews of a particular
subject. In doing so they may refer to, sometimes extensively, the research
literature found in journal articles, reports, conference proceedings or theses. They
are not usually used to present new research findings.
It is also important to cite rreferences within the main body of the text to:
1. establish the validity of findings and facts included in the report;
2. give proper credit to the creator of the information;
3. help readers find or contact the sources of the ideas easily;
4. permit readers to check the accuracy of your work; and
5. save yourself from plagiarism.
Plagiarism can be any of the following kinds:
• Direct Plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone
else’s work, without attribution and without quotation marks.
 • Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or her own previous work,
or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all professors
involved.
• Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source
without using quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language
while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original.
• Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite their sources, or
misquotes their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using
similar words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without attribution

How to avoid plagiarism?

• Develop your review of related literature by gathering ideas from other
researches by using some patterns or techniques like paraphrasing, quoting,
and summarizing it.
• In doing so, you may either change the arrangement of ideas, structures of
language by using synonyms, changing format of words by comparison-
contrast, chronological order, passive-active sentences, inductive-deductive
order, or by fusing opinions with the author’s ideas.
• In quoting, a part of an author’s words is repeated in writing but the page
number of copied texts should be written, ideas must be essential and quoted
judiciously, meaning with full understanding.
• Summarizing is a shortened version of the original text expressed in your own
language, picking only the most important details of the text.
• Paraphrasing on the other hand permits you to explain the idea in your own
words.

Reminders in Adhering to Ethical Standards and Writing Coherent Review of Literature

• Doing the review of related literature is not the usual enumeration of
references. Presentation of the data gathered should be by topic based on the
given objectives of the research. The literature should not be too detailed or
brief. Text should be based on the current edition of the American
Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association of America
(MLA) or the Chicago Manual of Style and other standards relevant to one’s
discipline.

Quick Guide to APA 7th Referencing

• APA is an in-text referencing style. This means that short referencing
information (Author, Date) must be included in the text of your assignment
when you quote information from outside sources. Full details of references
used are then included in a reference list at the end of the document.
• References cited in-text must appear in the reference list and vice versa. The
only exceptions are personal communications and classical works

IN-TEXT CITATIONS
• When inserting a citation into the text of your document, include the authors’
surnames and the year of publication, enclosed in parentheses, e.g. (Smith &
Jones, 2016). This brief citation allows the reader to find the appropriate full
reference in the list at the end of the document.
• If you include a direct quote (word-for-word), the in-text citation must include
the page number/s where the quotation appeared, e.g., … “correct
referencing is a necessity” (Smith & Jones, 2016, p. 16).
• For multiple in-text citations within parentheses, alphabetize citations by first
author and add a semi-colon (;) between them to differentiate citations, e.g.
(Smith & Jones, 2016; Williams, 2014).
• Use “and” when citing authors’ names in sentences and “&” for parentheses.
e.g., Smith and Jones (2016) … versus … (Smith & Jones, 2016)
 REFERENCE LIST
• The reference list starts on a separate page and is always organized in
alphabetical order. Do not use numbers or bullet points.
• The second and subsequent lines of each reference in the list must have a
hanging indent.

THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR

• When you have multiple resources from exactly the same authors in the same
year, alphabetized by title for your reference list and then add a, b, c, and so
on after the year to differentiate the references for the in-text citations. For
example:
Smith, D. (2014a). Care facilities for the elderly [Brochure]. NSW Health.
Smith, D. (2014b). Hand hygiene [Pamphlet]. NSW Health.

The in-text references would then be (Smith, 2014a) or (Smith,

2014b), depending on which document you cite.
• Capitalise all names and proper nouns as appropriate. Examples include
Generation Z, YouTube, iPad, and PowerPoint.
• Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are important for APA 7 and need to be
included as part of reference list entries (where provided).
• APA 7 no longer requires access URLS for ebooks from library/database
sources. Only include URLs for ebooks found via the web.

See attached matrix for examples of in-text reference and reference list for (1) journal
article, (2) books, (3) web or online resources, and (4) other resources such as lecture
notes, recorded lecture, forum posts and personal communication.

B. Development 90 mins Learning Task 1.

Pagpapaunlad A. Write your chosen research topic on the center. Then, create a web or cluster of
words/phrases that are related to your topic. These are likely to be useful search
terms when researching for your relevant literature. (For instance, your research is
about teenage anxieties during the pandemic. The following can be your search terms:
teenagers, anxieties, pandemic, covid-19 effects to mental health, youth experiences,
emotional challenges, security issues during health crisis, etc.)

Research Topic

B. Get and read an article related to one of the search terms you have identified. Then,
create a concept/mind map on what and how you have understood the article you
read. From the data produced, explain or tell a story about the concept/mind map
you created. Cite only those that are related to your study. Think of this process as
comparable to telling a story – explaining how the literature you have identified
addresses and sheds light on the research questions you have formulated.
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 C. Engagement 120 mins Learning Task 2.
Pakikipagpalihan Gather the references relevant to your research topic. Then, complete the table to
help you write your related literature later.
• In column 1 (source/element), write the type of source you have.
• In column 2 (key points/valuable information), write key information you from
the source that have bearing to your study.
• In column 3 (in-text citation), show how you are going to cite the source
within your text.
• In column 4 (reference list), follow the APA 7th referencing guide in writing
your entry.
Source/Element Key Points and Valuable In-Text Reference List
(book, journal, web/online
resources, others)
Information from the Source Citation

*Add rows/ use extra sheets if necessary

D. Assimilation 120 mins Learning Task 3.

Paglalapat Write a Brief Review of Related Literature for your study following these guidelines:
• Present, in organized manner, your select relevant literature using APA 7th edition
standard;
• Include synthesis of information from relevant literature;
• Put premium on coherence and research ethical standards in writing related
literature; and
• Include illustration and explanation of conceptual framework of your research

Scoring Guide in Writing Brief Review of Literature

Criteria Highest Score Your Score
Sufficiency and Relevance of literature included 10
Organization/ thematic presentation of literature 5
Synthesis of key information 5
Coherence of texts and paragraphs 5
th
Adherence to APA 7 referencing guide 5
Illustration and Explanation of conceptual framework 10
Inclusion and Correctness of Reference List 10
Total 50

V. ASSESSMENT 15 mins Choose the best answer from the choices given.
1. Examining or studying again concepts or ideas related to your research is
a. Meta-analysis b. Significance
c. Review of Related Literature d. Methodology
2. This referencing style is mostly used in social sciences
a. APA b. MLA c. MPA d. Brownian
3. It is in this part where you display the identities or names of all writers or owners of
ideas that you incorporated in your research paper.
a. definition of terms b. references
c. in-text citation d. contents
4. The Review of Related Literature is rightfully done by ‘’copy and paste’’ activity.
a. Highly accepted in all researches
b. Not accepted in all researches
c. Optional to some researches
d. Depends on the researchers’ decision
 5. Chapter 2 is the part of the research paper that contains the…
a. Background of the Study b. Significance of the Study
c. Scope and Limitation d. Review of Related Literature
6. To read the literature critically means:
a. to suggest the previous research was always poorly conducted
b. skimming through the material because most of it is just covering
c. evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions
d. being negative about something before you read it.
7. It entails taking a phrase - either spoken or written - and restating it.
a. in-text citation b. paraphrasing
c. referencing d. synonym
8. Plagiarism is an act of
a. stealing and passing off intellectual properties as one's own
b. using someone else’s work without crediting the source
c. presenting as original and novel an idea or invention from an existing source
d. all of the above
9. Which choice reveals what should not be included in the bibliography?
a. Age of the author b. Author’s name
c. Titles of the article d. The dates of the article
10. Which of the following does not provide credibility and value to your study?
a. Falsifying documents b. Integrity
b. Confidentiality agreement d. Privacy and disclosure contract
VI. Reflection 15 mins I understand that ____________________________________________________.
I realized that _______________________________________________________.
I need to know more about ____________________________________________.
References Ayala, C.J., (2016), Practical Research I Powepoint Presentation K-12 Mass Training of
Teachers, MSEUF, Lucena City
Cabili, J.B, (2020). Department of Education – Practical Research 1Quarter 1 -Module
4, Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd – BLR), Cagayan
Buensuceso, D.B., Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A., & San Gabriel, N.M. (2016). Teacher’s
Guide for Practical Research 1. Department of Education – Bureau of Learning
Resources, Pasig City.
Prieto, N. G., Naval, V.C., & Carey, T.G (2017). PRACTICAL RESEARCH I for Senior High
School. Lorimar Publishing Inc.
University of Newcastle Library (February 2020). Quick Guide to APA 7th Referencing.
Answer Key Development
Answers vary.
Engagement
Answers vary.
Assimilation
Answers vary.
Assessment
10. A 9. A 8. D 7. B 6. C 5. D 4. B 3. B 2. A 1. C