Unit 2: Verbal- communication

1.Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages through

…………………. and …………………. means including speech or
…………….. communication, …………….. or ……………… communication,
signs, ……………………, and behavior.
2. Verbal communication:
- According to Penrose and others, “Verbal communication consists of sharing
……………… thought the meaning of …………….
- According to Bovee and others, “Verbal communication is the expression of
……………… through language which is composed of …………….. and
………………….”
3. TWO types of verbal communication: …………. and ……………….
communication
3.1. Oral communication
3.1.1. characteristics
- In oral communication, …………………………………are used
- It includes ……………………. conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, …………….., radio, …………………, voice over
internet
- Communication is influenced by pitch, …………………, speed and
…………… of speaking
3.1.2. Advantages
- It brings quick ……………..
- In a face-to-face conversation, by reading …………………………..
and …………………………… one can guess whether he/she should
trust what’s being said or not.
- More ……………… and …………………….
- Makes …………………………………...
- Helps us ………………………………………….according to the
feedback and non-verbal cues from the listener.
3.1.3. Disadvantages
- A word once uttered can’t be ………………….
- Impact may be short lived
- It can be …………………………….

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 - There is no legal evidence of………………………………………...
3.2. Written communication
3.2.1. Characteristics
- ………………………….. or ………………….. are used to
communicate
- Can be transmitted via ……………., ……………., report, memo, etc.
- Most common form of communication being used
………………………
3.2.2. advantages
- Creates a permanent ………………..
- Allows you to ………………………………………. for future reference
- Easily distributed
- All recipients receive the same information
- Written communication helps in laying down apparent principles,
policies and rules for running of an organization.
- It is a permanent means of communication. Thus, it is useful where
record maintenance is required.
- Written communication is more …………….. and ……………..
- Effective written communication develops and enhances an
organization’s image
- It provides ready ………………… and ………………………
- It assists in proper delegation of ……………………………………..
- Necessary for legal and binding …………………………………
3.2.3. Disadvantages
- Written communication does not ………………………………..
- If the receivers of the written message are …………….. by distance
and if they need to clear their …………, the response is not
………….
- Written communication is …………. as the feedback is not …………..
- Poor writing skills and……… have a negative impact on
organization’s …………………...
- Too much paper work and …………………………………. is involved
3.2.4. Common Etiquettes in Written Communication
a. …………………………………..
- The various formal writing forms have a pre-determined, universally
accepted format that accompanies them.
b. ………………………………………….

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 - While writing one should ensure that the content is well organized,
with the overview/basic details comprising the introduction
c. ……………………………………………..
- The content that comprises a piece of writing should reflect fluency
and should be connected through a logical flow of thought, in order to
prevent misinterpretation and catch the attention of the reader.
d. …………………………………………..
- People may not be aware of the meaning of various short forms and
may thus find it difficult to interpret them.
e. …………………………………………….
- Improper grammar, spelling and punctuation can at worst cause
miscommunication and at least results in unwanted humor and
should be thus avoided.
f. ………………………………………………………
- In order to hold the readers' attention one needs to be creative to
break the tedium of writing and prevent monotony from creeping in.
g. ………………………………………………………
- Excessive use of jargon can put off a reader.
3.2.5. Good writing features:
- Completeness
- Correctness
- Credibility
- Clarity
- Conciseness
- Consideration
- Vitality
3.2.6. Types of Writing
- Emails
- Letters and memos
- Agendas
- Reports
- Promotional material
- Academic documents
- Research manuscripts
- White papers

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