Name: Jerome C.

Mosada
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 4

Introduction

Matter can be classified into two: pure substance and mixture. Pure substances have their
own distinct properties or characteristics and further classified into elements (a substance
containing a single atom) and compounds (substances containing two or more atoms).

The combination of two or more substances is called mixture. It can be classified into
solutions, suspensions and colloids. Solution is a homogeneous mixture forming a single-phase
system. Suspension is the state of substance when its particles are mixed with but undissolved in
a fluid or solid. Colloids are substances that consist of particles dispersed throughout another
substance which are too small for resolution with an ordinary light microscope but are incapable
of passing through a semipermeable membrane.

Objectives:
1. To classify elements, compounds and mixtures
2. To identify the characteristics of different elements, compounds and mixtures
3. To differentiate the different classification of mixtures

Materials:

Zinc granule test tube test tube holder

Iron fillings tripod wire gauze
Table salt alcohol lamp evaporating dish
Sugar crucible tong magnet
Sulfur stirring rod beaker
Starch spatula watch glass
Magnesium ribbon
Oil
Procedure:

A. Elements and Compounds

1. Place a zinc granule in a watch glass. Observe its properties. Then heat over the flame.
Observe its properties.

Before Heating After Heating

Color Odor Taste Color Odor Taste
Grayish/ It has no Silver, Unpleasant
silverish smell ------------- shiny liquid because of -------------
Zinc strong
granule oxidants

2. Place few drops of sugar in evaporating dish. Observe its properties. Then heat over
the flame. Observe its properties.

Before Heating After Heating

Color Odor Taste Color Odor Taste
White Odorless Sweet Golden Have Bitted-
brown to unpleasant chared taste
Sugar dark brown fume

3. Observe the properties of magnesium ribbon. Then ignite and observe.

Before Heating After Heating

Color Odor Taste Color Odor Taste
Silvery Noticeable White ash Unpleasant
white have -------- -------------
Magnesium pungent
ribbon odor
B. Substances and Mixture

1. Mix iron fillings and sulfur. Hold magnet over it.

Appearance: Light grayish, fine, but still a little chunky. You can still see little chunks of
yellow in the mixture.

Can you separate the component?

Yes, stir some iron filings and sulfur together to form a powder. You can separate the
components of the mixture by stirring the powder with a magnet; the iron filings will stick to
the magnet while the sulfur will not.

Classification (Substance or Mixture)Why?

Mixture, when iron filings and sulphur powder are mixed, both retain their
properties. It means they have not undergone any chemical reaction.

2. Mix iron fillings and sulfur, then heat. After cooling, hold a magnet over it.
Appearance:
Has color which is neither yellow nor grey or black in color

Can you separate the components?

No, on the other hand, if you heat the iron and sulfur, you form iron sulfide, which is a
compound; the iron and sulfur can no longer be separate from one another.

Classification (Substance or Mixture) Why?

Substance, chemical reaction occurs; two elements combined and fact formed a new
substances.

3. Mix oil and water:

Appearance:
If you put oil and water in a container, the water molecules will bunch up together and
the oil molecules will bunch up together, forming two distinct layers.

Can you separate the components?

Yes, two immiscible liquids, oil and water, can be separated by using separating funnel.
The process involves using the mixtures of unequal particle density. Because water is denser
than oil, it can be separated by means of the funnel and left in the funnel with an oil layer.
 Classification (Substance or Mixture) Why?
Mixture, made up of two or more different substances, which are mixed but not combined
chemically.

4. Mix oil and water, and then evaporate.

Appearance:
The oil remains and become residue

Can you separate the component?

Yes, oil doesn’t mix with water even in evaporating, because oil’s are less dense than
water. In that both component can be separated.

Classification (Substance or Mixture)

Why? Mixture, in evaporating they don’t mix evenly, but instead form to layers. A thin
layer of oil on top of water will mostly prevent the water from evaporating, because the
oil float on top of the water molecules from escaping from water surface.

C. Types of Mixtures

1. Dissolve sodium chloride (table salt) in water in a 100 ml beaker.

2. Mix starch with water then shake in 100 ml beaker.
3. Mix starch with water, shake and then boil in another 100 ml beaker.
4. Observe and record the appearance, visibility of particles and effect of beam of
beam of light. Identify what kind of mixtures.

Visibility of Effect of beam Kinds of

System Appearance
particles of light mixture
The solid state
of salt turns to
liquid.
Salt and water Reflected Reflected Solution

Filmier and
stickier
Starch and water Not Reflected Not Reflected Suspension

More filmier
Cooked starch with and stickier Reflected Reflected Colloids
water
Conclusions:

Aforementioned in objective, I plotted some conclusions:

1. Hence it is important to classify elements according to their properties. It also necessary to
understand how their form the compound;
2. Classification is necessary to understand the characteristics on drawing conclusion by
observations.
3. Mixture is reversible and substance is reversible.

Applications:

1. Give examples of the elements in your NAME and explain how they got their name.
Examples: SAE HYOUNG- SAr Er HYt O U N Ga (Sulfur, Argon, Erbium, Hydrogen, Yttrium,
Oxygen, Uranium, Nitrogen and Gallium).
0
Symbol Name Name Derivation
J

Er Erbium Mosander named erbium after Ytterby Mine in Sweden, the

source of goldonite mineral they were discovered in.

O Oxygen Origin name: from the Greek words “oxygenes” mening

“acid’ (sharp) and forming (acid former)
M

Mo Molybdenum The name is Neo-Latin molybdaenum, which is based on

Ancient Greek, molybdos, meaning lead, since it is ores were
confused with lead ores.

S Sulfur Origin name: from Sanskrit word “sulvere” meaning sulphur

also from the Latin word “sulphurium” sulphur.
A

A
2. Supply the following symbols according to their properties on the given empty periodic table.

Y is a noble gas with mass number of 35 and neutron no. of 17

La is the 20th element in the periodic table
Is is the 6th metal in the boron family
T is the 83rd element in the periodic table
An has an electronic configuration of 1s2.
Yo is the element with the highest electronegativity
B is a transition metal located at period 4 group 10.
Pa is a metalloid element found in Group 5.
C has an atomic number one.
Rt is a liquid element in GroupVIIA period 4
U has an electronic notation of [Ne]3s1
Be has 14 electrons in its orbitals
M has 17 proton number
Ve an element found in group IIIA period 5
Ne is an element having an ECN of (Kr)5s2
R is an element having 39 atomic number
We is an element having 45 proton number
G is a halogen in period 5, group VA
Ot is an alkali metal in period 6
Ch is a transition metal with 73 atomic number
Em is a liquid transition metal in period 6, group 12
Ry is a halogen period 7
4. List down 15 compounds and state their common name and formula.cf

4. Give five examples of each types of mixture.

No Solution Suspension Colloids
.
1 Salt Water Mudding Cream
2 Rubbing alcohol Milk of magnesia Mayonnaise
3 Coffee or tea Flour in water Milkh
4 Bleach Sand particles suspended in water Butter
5 Carbonated beverages Slaked lime for while washing Plaster
(carbon dioxide is wha Gelatine
gives sodas their fizz)