Atomic Models and Spectra

Solutions Level 3
Rhc 13.6
1. En   2
  2 eV
n n
For, n = 1; E1 = - 13.6 eV n = 2; E2 = - 3.4 eV
n = 3; E3 = - 1.51 eV n = 4; E4 = - 0.85 eV and so on.
Now, the energy of incident photon is
hc 6.6  10 34  3  10 8 6.6  10 34  3  10 8
E  hv   J  eV = 12.75 eV
 975  10 10 975  10 10  1.6  10 19
When hydrogen atom absorbs this incident photon, let the electron of ground state occupies
the nth excited state.
Rhc  Rhc   1   1 
Then, E   2
   2   Rhc 1  2   12.75 eV or 13.6 1  2   12.75
n  1   n   n 
1 12.75 12.75
1 2  1 /n2  1   0.0625 n2 = 16  n=4
n 13.6 13.6
Rhc 13.6 13.6
3. En     2 eV  3.4  n2  4 or n=2
n 2
n 3.4

Z 2Rhc 1 1 5 2
4. En    ΔE  E3  E2  Z 2Rhc  2  2   Z Rhc  47.2 eV
n2 3 2  36
Given Rhc = 13.6 eV
This is the ionisation energy of H-atom.
5 2 47.2  36
 Z (13.6)  47.2 Z2   25 Z  5
36 5  13.6
5. The energy required to excite the atom from third to fourth orbit is given by
 1 1  7
ΔE  E4  E3  Z 2Rhc  2  2    (5) 2  13.6 eV = 16.53 eV
4 3  144
6. The energy required to remove the electron from first orbit to infinity is equal to the
ionisation energy of the atom given by
1 1
E  E1  Z 2Rhc   2  = Z2Rhc = (5)2  13.6 eV
 1 
The wavelength corresponding to this energy is  (say)
hc
E  E1  hv   (5) 2  13.6 eV = (5)2  13.6  1.6  1019 J

hc 6.6  10 34  3  10 8
or   m
(5)  13.6  1.6  10 19
2
25  13.6  1.6  10 19
= 36  10-10 m = 36Å
7. Kinetic energy of electron in the first Bohr orbit,
K1 = - E1 = Z2Rhc = (5)2  13.6 eV = 340 eV
Potential energy of electron in the first Bohr orbit
K1 1
U1 = 2E1 = - 680 eV  
U1 2
8. En = - Z2Rhc/n2 where Rhc = 1 Rydbergs (given)
 The ionisation energy of the given atom is given by
E - E1 = 2Rhc = 4 Rydbergs  Z2 = 4 or Z=2
9. The energy required to excite the electron from n = 1 to n = 2 is given by
1 1 3 2 3
E2  E1  Z 2Rhc  2  2   Z Rhc   4  1 Rydberg = 3 Rydbergs
2 1  4 4
10. In problem 9, if  is the wavelength corresponding to the energy transition of 3 Rydbergs then
hc hc
 3 Rydbergs or  
 3(Rydbergs )
hc 1 1
 1 Rydbergs  Rhc    
3Rhc 3R 3  1.09  10 7
 303  10 10 m  303.4 Å
11. The wave number, according to Bohr’s theory is given by
1  1 1 
v   Z 2R 2  2 
  n1 n2 
1  1 1  9
For transition 5  4,  Z 2R 2  2   (3) 2  1.094  10 7 
1 4 5  400
1 = 4.514  10-7 m
1  1 1  7
For transition 4  3  Z 2R 2  2   (3) 2  1.094  10 7 
2 3 4  144
2 = 2.089  10-7 m
The stopping potential for the shorter wavelength 2 is 3.95 (given)
hc hc
    eV2 or   eV2
2 2

6.6  10 34  3  10 8
  1.6  10 19  3.95 = 3.2  10-19 J
2.089  10 7
3.2  10 19
 eV  2eV
1.6  10 19
For the longer wavelength 1,
hc hc
   eV1 or eV1  
1 1

6.63  10 34  3  10 8
 7
 3.2  10 19
4.514  10
1.206  10 19
eV1 = 1.206  10-19 J V1   0.75 V
1.6  10 19
13. From Einstein’s photoelectric equation, hv =  + (Ek)max
For metal A 4.25 eV = A + kA (i)
For metal B 4.70 eV = B + kB (ii)
h
The de Broglie wavelength  
2mk
B k
 A 2 (given) kA = 4kB
A kB
 kA
but kB = (kA – 1.50) eV (given)  kA  1.50
4
3
or kA  1.50 kA = 2eV and kB = 0.50 eV
4
Putting these values in equations (i) and (ii), we get
A = 2.25 eV and B = 4.20 eV
15. Radiated during transition from nth state to I excited (n = 2) state is given by
= 10.20 + 17.00 = 27.20 eV
1 1
From Bohr’s theory, En  E1  13.6 Z 2  2  2   27.20 eV (i)
2 n 
1 1
For the second case En  E3  13.6Z 2  2  2  (ii)
3 n 
= 4.25 + 5.95 = 10.20 eV
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get Z = 3 and n=6
16. For the first Lyman line of H-atom
1  1  3R
 R 1  2  
1  2  4
and for the second Balmer line of H-like ion X,
1  1 1  3Z 2R
 RZ 2  2  2  
2 2 4  16
3R 3z 2R
given 1 = 2   or Z=2
4 16
z 2Rhc 4  13.6
Given, Rhc = 13.6 eV En   2
 eV
n n2
54.4 54.4
or En   eV Thus, E2    13.6 eV
n2 (2) 2
54.4
and E4    3.52 eV
( 4) 2
18. The total number of electrons in an orbit or principal quantum number n is 2n 2. Hence, the
required number of elements is equal to
= 2[12 + 22 + 32 + 42] = 2[1 + 4 + 9 + 16] = 2  30 = 60
h p m 4
20.    2
2mk  mp 1

21. The wavelength of infrared radiation is greater than that of ultraviolet radiation
1  1 1 
 RZ 2  2  2 
  n1 n2 
2 2
 1 1 1 n2  n1 (n1n2 ) 2
Thus,   or  or 
 n12 n22  (n1n2 )2 (n22  n12 )
(2  1) 2 (3  2) 2 ( 4  2) 2 (5  4) 2 4 36 64 400
 a : b :  c :  d  : : :  : : :
( 4  1) (9  4) (16  4) (25  16) 3 5 12 9
Thus, d is largest.
 1 2Ze 2
22. r0 
4  0 Ek
Here, Z = 92; Ek = 5 MeV = 5  106  1.6  1019 J
9  10 9  2  92  (1.6  10 19 ) 2
So, r0   10-12 cm
5  10 6  1.6  10 19
13.6 1 1  13.6
23. En    E  E2  13.6  
2 
 3.4eV
n2   (2)  4
133
24. 55 C has largest size among the four atom given. Thus, electrons in the outermost orbit is at
133
largest distance in 55 Cs among the four atoms given and so the electrostatic force
133
experienced by electrons due to nucleus will be minimum in 55 Cs . Hence, the energy required
133
to liberate electron from the outermost orbit will be lowest in 55 Cs .
e 4
25. Wavelength of spectral line depends on the Rydberg’s constant R 
8 20 ch3
mM
where the reduced mass 
mM
m is the mass of electron and M is the mass of the nucleus of the atom. Since the masses of
the two nuclei are different hence the wavelength are different.
2
Z
26. En  13.6   eV
n
For the first excited state, n = 2 and for Li +2, Z = 3
(3) 2  13.6  9
E2  13.6    30.6 eV
(2) 2
4
Thus, the ionisation energy for the first excited state of Li +2 is 30.6 eV
1 
27. En  Rhc  2 
n 
1 1  7
E4  E3  Rhc  2  2   (Rhc) (II)
 3 4  144
1 1  3
E4  E2  Rhc  2  2   (Rhc) (iV )
 2 4  16
 1 3
E2  E1  Rhc1  2   (Rhc) (III)
 2  4
1  8
E1  E3  Rhc  2  1   (Rhc) (I )
3  9
Hence, the transition (III) gives the most energy.
h 1
28.  
2mk k

2 k 1
 1  2  1 / 2
1 k2 2
29. Since the target nucleus is heavy, it can be assumed that the target nucleus remains stationary
when -particle approaches near it. The kinetic energy of the -particles converts into
electrostatic potential energy at the distance of closest approach. Hence
 1 Ze( 4e)
Ek  mv 2 
2 4 0 r
4Ze 2
4Ze 2  1 1
This gives, r 1  Thus, r  ;r  2 Ze 2
4  0 Ek 4  0  mv 2  m v
 2 
31. Total energy of electron in the nth state is given by,
Z 2 me 4
En    13.6 eV [For hydrogen atom Z = 1]
4 20n 2h 2
Potential energy of electron in the nth state is given by
Z 2 me 4
Un    2En  27.2 eV
4 20n 2h2
32. For Lyman’s series,
1  1 
 R 1  2  where n = 2, 3, 4, . . . . etc.
  n 
The shortest wavelength appears for n =  and is given by,
1
 min   91.2 mm
R
The largest wavelength appears for n = 2 and is given by,
1 4
 max   4
 1  3R   91.2  121.6 nm
R 1   3
 (2) 2 
33. For Balmer’s series,
1 1 1 
 R 2  2  where n = 3, 4, 5, . . . . etc.
 2 n 
The wavelength first member is
1 36
1   
 1 1  5R (given) . . . (i)
R 2  
 (2) (3) 2 
The wavelength of second member is
1 16
2   16 5 20
 1 1  3R     (from equation (i))
R 3   3 36 27
 (2) ( 4) 2 
34. The wavelength of the first member of Lyman series is given by,
1 4
1   (i)
 1  3R
r1  2 
 (2) 
The wavelength of the first member of paschen series is given by,
1 144
2   (ii)
 1 1  7R
R 2  2 
 (3) ( 4) 
 1 4 7 7
From equations (i) and (ii), we get   
 2 3 144 108
 1 
35. En  13.6 2  eV
n 
 1 1  13.6  5
 E3  E2  13.6 2    1.89 eV
 (2) (3) 2  36
36. Angular momentum of electron in the nth orbit is given by
h h
 L [(n  1)  n] 
2 2
1 4
l  
38. Long wavelength limit of Lyman series,  1  3R
R 1  
 (2) 2 
1 36
b  
and that of Balmer series  1 1  5R
R 2  
 (2) (3) 2 
l 4 5 5
  
b 3 36 27
39. Shortest wavelength of Balmer series,
1 4
b    (given)
 1 1 R
R 2  
 (2) 
1 16
'b    4
and that of Balmer series,  1 1 R
 2
 
 ( 4) 

40. Radius of the electron orbit,

 0 n 2h 2
r (for hydrogen atom Z = 1)
mZe 2
1
So, r . If m is doubled, the value of r is reduced to r/2. Also energy of electron in nth
m
orbit.
Z 2 me 4
E So, Em
8 20n 2h2
If m is doubled, the energy because 2E. Since, r0 = a0 and E0 = - 13.6 eV.
Therefore, when mass of the electron is doubled, the radius becomes a 0/2 and energy becomes
2E0 = - 27.2 eV
1 4
 max  
41. Largest wavelength of Lyman series,  1  3R
R 1  
 (2) 2 
1 1
 min  
and the shortest wavelength of Lyman series,  1
R 1  
R
 
  max 4

 min 3
42. Angular momentum L = mvr
e2 1  0n 2h 2
Here v , i.e., v  and r 2
, i.e., r  n 2 L  n or L 
2 0nh n  me
r1/2
43. Larger wavelength of Paschen series [n  3] where n = 4, 5, 6, . . . etc. and all the lines of
Brackett series [n  4] where n = 5, 6, 7, . . . etc. lie in the infrared region. Therefore
transition from n = 5 to n = 4 is the only correct choice in the given four options.
13.6  1 1  13.6  5
46. E eV  E3  E2  13.6 2   eV
n2  (2) (3) 2  36
1 36
  m
Also,  1 1  1.0973  10 7  5 = 6.566  10-7 m = 6566 Å
R 2  
 (2) (3) 2 
2
Z
49. En  13.6  eV
n
In the first orbit of helium atom, E1 = - 13.6  (2)2 [ Z = 2, n = 1] = - 54.4 eV
2 4
Z me
50. En  
8 20n 2h 2
me 4
Taking Z = 1 (for hydrogen atom) En  
8 20n 2h 2
1 1 22K 2 me 4
Also, K  0   En  
4 0 4K n 2h 2
13.6
51. En    3.4 or n=2
n2
nh 2h h 6.6  10 34
Angular momentum, Ln      2.11  10 34 J  s
2 2  3.14
nh
52. Angular momentum, L  mvr   vr  n
2
53. The wavelength of spectral line for energy transition from n = 5 orbit to n =1 orbit is given by
1
 1
 1 1  So,   is minimum when Z is maximum
RZ 2  2   Z2
 (1) (5) 2 
54. The moment of linear momentum is called the angular momentum L which is for nth orbit given
by,
nh h
L for n=2 L
2 
1 v Z 2 me 4 n3
55. v    T
T 2r 4 20n 3h 3 Z2
1 1 1  3R
56. v  R 2  2  
 2 4  16
 1  1
57. v   R 1    R = 1.097  10-7 m-1 = 1.097  105 cm-1 = 109700 cm-1
  
13.6 1 1 
58. En   En 1  En  13.6 2  2
n2 n (n  1) 
 2n  1 
or ΔE  En 1  En  13.6 2  = 13.6 K
 {n(n  1)} 
3 5 7
For n = 1; K  For n = 2; K  For n = 3; K 
4 36 144
Hence E decrease as the value of n increases.
59. The series wavelength limit of Lyman series is given by,
1 1
l  
 1 R and that of Balmer series is given by,
R 1  
 
1 4
b    4 l
 1 1 R = 4  912 Å
R 2  
 (2) 
1 v 1
61. We know that v and r  n2 Since,   , so   3
n r n
62. The shortest wavelength of Lyman series, is
1 1
   912 Å (given)
 1 R
R 1  
 

The shortest wavelength of Balmer series is,

1 4
   4  912 Å
 1 1 R
R 2  
 (2) 

63. The wavelength of second line of Balmer series is,

1 16
  16
 1 1  3R   4.860  10 7 m = 4860 Å
R 2   3  1.0973  10 7
 (2) ( 4) 2 
(This is the wavelength of blue colour in the visible region of the hydrogen spectrum)
64. We know that the potential energy (U) of the orbiting electron for hydrogen atom in nth orbit
is,
me 4 me 4  1
U and kinetic energy (K) in that orbit is, K    U
4 20n 2h2  2
2 2
8 0n h
65. Due to absorption of sun rays in its atmosphere, the spectrum obtained from the chromosphere
of the sun at the time of solar eclipse is the line emission spectrum.
66. The energy level of ground state is n = 1 and for its first excited state is n = 2 let the energy
of ion in its ground state is E1 and that in its first excited state is E2. Then the excitation
energy of a hydrogen like ion, in its first excitation state is given by
 1 1   1 1 
E2  E1  2  2   40.8 eV (given) or E1  2    40.8
 n1 n2   (1) (2) 2 
 40.8  4
E1   54.4 eV
3
67. For n = 4, l = 0, 1, 2, 3
Now the number of electrons in subshells corresponding to l = 0, 1, 2, 3 are 2, 8, 18 and 32
respectively. Hence the total number of possible elements would be
2 + 8 + 18 + 32 = 60
68. In the first inelastic collision of photon with the hydrogen atom, the atom gets excited after
capturing energy of 10.2 eV which is less than the ionisation energy (13.6 eV) of the H-atom.
Since the electron in excited stated can remain only for maximum 10 -9 s so it will soon (almost
immediately) return to its ground state and this results an emission of first line of Lyman
series. The energy of emitted photon is
 1 1 
E2  E1  13.6 2   eV  10.2 eV
 (1) (2) 2 
Now another photo of energy 15 eV strikes with the H-atom again inelastically. This energy is
greater than the ionisation energy of H-atom. Hence the electron is removed and the atom gets
ionised. The excess energy with which electron comes out is (15 – 13.6) = 1.4 eV.
Hence, we finally detect a photon of energy 10.2 eV and an electron of energy 1.4 eV.
 1 1 
69. hv  13.6 2  2 

 n1 n2 
70. Transition from  to n = 3 will produce smallest wavelength in infrared region.