Globalization

• The process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter,

things moving closer.
• It pertains to the increasing ease with which somebody on one
side of the world can interact, to mutual benefit with
somebody on the other side of the world.
• Martin Khor, former President of the Third World Networks in
Malaysia, regarded globalization as colonization.
 Key Characteristics
• Expansion and stretching of social relations,
activities, and interdependencies.
• Intensification and acceleration of social exchanges
and activities.
• Compression of the world into a single place makes
the global frame of reference for human thought and
action.
• Creation of new, and multiplication of existing social
institutions, networks and activities that cut across
traditional political, economic, cultural and
geographic boundaries.
 Key Characteristics
• Mobility, hybridity, complexity and fixity.
• Encounter, hybridity, resistance.
• Complexity and diversity.
• Homogenization and heterogenization.
• Global-local nexus (Glocalization)
• Inclusion and exclusion.
• Structures of common difference.
 Manifestation
• Communication
• Travel
• Organization
• Ecological dimensions
• Production and money/finance
 Manifestation

• Politics and governance

• Military sphere
• Health
• Law
• Norms
• Everyday thinking/ consciousness
 QUALIFICATIONS
• Has not been experienced everywhere and to the same extent.
• Is not a straightforward process of cultural homogenization.
• Has not eliminated the significance of territoriality.
• Cannot be understood in terms of a single driving force.
• Is not a panacea (cure-all).
• Has to be understood as a normative process of meaning construction; has ideological and political dimensions.
The Ideological Dimensions
of Globalization
An Introduction
From its beginnings…
• In the 1990’s, much emphasis was given by globalists into the
ECONOMIC and TECHNOLOGICAL aspects of globalization.
• BUT we should avoid falling into the trap of
• As Malcom Waters observes, the increasing symbolically
mediated and reflexive character of today’s economic
exchanges suggests that both the and
arenas are becoming more and more activated and energetic.
(2011).
• Are deep-seated modes of understanding that
provide the most general limits/constrains within
which people imagine their collective/shared
existence.
• A concept referring to the people’s growing
consciousness of belonging to a global
community.
• Offers explanations of how “we” fit together, how
things go on between us, the expectations we
have of each other, and the deeper normative
• A background understanding that is normative
and factual in the sense of providing is both
with the standards of what passes as common
sense.
• Sets the pre-reflexive framework for our daily
routines and social repertoires. – Peirre
Bourdieu
 * A system of widely shared ideas, patterned
beliefs,
guiding norms, values and ideals accepted as
*true by some
Provides groups. with a clear picture of the wor
individuals
not only as it is, but also as it ought to be.
* Also possesses a commanding and limiting
power over individuals by binding them over a set
of ideas, and norms.
According to Steger, is a hegemonic system of
ideas that makes normative claims about
GLOBALIZATION.

perpetuated by power elites

• Viewed as a social process embedded with
ideological dimensions filled with a range of
norms, claims, belief, and narratives about the
phenomenon itself.
• An expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world time
and space.
Intersecting dimensions of Globalization

“Scapes”

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