1 Amend Section 411 - Portland Cement Concrete Pavement to read as

2 follows:
3
4 “SECTION 411 - PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
5
6 411.01 Description. This section is for constructing pavement composed of
7 portland cement concrete (PCC) with or without reinforcement, on a prepared
8 subgrade or base course according to the contract or as specified by the
9 Engineer.
10
11 At the option of the Contractor, the Contractor may construct the
12 pavement with equipment using stationary side forms or slip form paving.
13
14 411.02 Materials. Concrete shall have a minimum flexural strength, f'r of
15 650 psi and shall conform to Section 601 - Structural Concrete. Other
16 materials shall conform to:
17
18 Joint Filler 705.01
19
20 Joint Sealer 705.04
21
22 Reinforcing Steel 709.01
23
24 Curing Materials 711.01
25
26 411.03 Construction Requirements.
27
28 (A) Proportioning. Base the proportioning on the predetermined
29 cement content or designed for minimum flexural strength as specified in
30 the contract. Submit the proportions of the materials for acceptance by
31 the Engineer.
32
33 Determine the slump according to AASHTO T 119 (ASTM C 143)
34 and air content according to AASHTO T 152 (ASTM C 231). Make,
35 cure, and test the test specimens according to AASHTO T 23 (ASTM C
36 31), AASHTO T 22 (ASTM C 39) and AASHTO T 97 (ASTM C 78), and
37 the cement content according to AASHTO T 121 (ASTM C 138).
38
39 State the proportions in terms of aggregates in a saturated
40 surface-dry condition. Adjust the batch weights periodically to take into
41 account the actual moisture of the aggregates at the time of use. The
42 designated proportions govern during the progress of the work except in
43 the following:
44
45 (1) Do not make changes in the sources or character of the
46 materials without due notice to the Engineer. Do not use the new
47 materials until the Engineer designates and accepts the new
48 proportions based upon laboratory tests and trial mixes.
49
50 (2) When concrete having the required consistency cannot be
51 produced without exceeding the maximum allowable water-cement
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52 ratio specified, increase the cement content as specified by the
53 Engineer.
54
55 (3) When concrete of the desired plasticity and workability
56 cannot be obtained with the proportions originally accepted, the
57 Engineer will make such changes in aggregate weights as required
58 provided the original designated cement content does not change
59 except as specified in items (1) and (2) above.
60
61 (B) Equipment. The Engineer will examine the equipment and tools
62 necessary for handling materials and doing the work for acceptance as to
63 the design, capacity, and mechanical condition. The equipment shall
64 be at the work site sufficiently ahead of the start of this activity for
65 examination. The Contractor shall comply with the following:
66
67 (1) Batching Plant and Mixers. The batching plant and
68 mixers shall conform to Section 601 - Structural Concrete.
69
70 (2) Hauling Equipment. Equipment for hauling concrete
71 shall conform to Section 601 - Structural Concrete.
72
73 (3) Finishing Equipment.
74
75 (a) Finishing Machine. The finishing machine shall
76 be self-propelled. When in operation, equip the finishing
77 machine with at least two oscillating type transverse screeds
78 supported by the forms. The finishing machine shall
79 handle and finish the mixes required for this type of
80 construction. The finishing machine shall not displace the
81 reinforcement, side forms, or joints.
82
83 (b) Vibrators. Vibrators, for full width vibration of the
84 concrete, may be either the surface pan type or the internal
85 type with immersed tube or multiple spuds. The vibrators
86 may be attached to the spreader or the finishing machine or
87 mounted on a separate carriage. The vibrators shall not
88 come in contact with the reinforcement, load transfer
89 devices, subgrade, or side forms. Operate the vibrating
90 equipment according to the manufacturer's recommended
91 frequency. However, the frequency of the surface
92 vibrators shall not be less than 3,500 impulses per minute
93 and the frequency of the internal type shall not be less than
94 5,000 impulses per minute. Hand vibrators shall have a
95 frequency of not less than 5,000 impulses per minute.
96 Furnish a tachometer for measuring and indicating the
97 frequency of vibration.
98
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 99 (c) Machine Floats. Mechanical floats shall be
100 self-propelled. Use mechanical floats designed to finish
101 pavement smoothly and true to grade. Mechanical floats
102 shall run either on side forms or on adjacent lanes of
103 concrete.
104
105 Use floats constructed of hardwood, steel, or steel-
106 shod and equipped with devices to permit adjusting the
107 underside of a true flat surface.
108
109 (d) Slip-Form Pavers. Slip-form pavers shall be
110 self-propelled. Use slip-form pavers equipped with
111 traveling side forms of sufficient dimensions, shape, and
112 strength to produce pavement of the required cross section.
113 Slip-form paving equipment shall spread, consolidate and
114 screed freshly placed concrete so a minimum of handwork is
115 required to produce a dense homogeneous pavement true
116 to the cross section and profile within the specified
117 tolerances.
118
119 Use slip-form pavers equipped with high frequency
120 internal vibrators for the full width. The vibrators may be
121 mounted with their axis parallel or normal to pavement
122 alignment. When mounting the vibrators with their axis
123 parallel with the pavement alignment, space the vibrators at
124 an interval not to exceed 2.5 feet measured center to
125 center.
126
127 When mounting vibrators with their axis normal to the
128 pavement alignment, space the vibrators so that the lateral
129 clearance between individual vibrating units does not
130 exceed 0.5 feet.
131
132 Use slip-form pavers designed so that the longitudinal
133 axis at the center of each vibrating unit is not more than 0.5
134 feet above the pavement grade while spreading,
135 compacting, and shaping the pavement.
136
137 The vibration rate of each vibrating unit shall be not
138 less than 5000 cycles per minute. Furnish a tachometer to
139 measure the frequency of vibration.
140
141 The Contractor may use the equipment designed to
142 complete the paving operations with one machine or may
143 consist of a mechanical spreader followed by a separator
144 power unit.
145
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146 (4) Concrete Saw. When sawing joints are elected or
147 specified, provide sawing equipment adequate in number of units
148 and power to complete the sawing with a water-cooled diamond
149 edge saw blade or an abrasive wheel to the required dimensions
150 and at the required rate. Provide at least one standby saw in
151 good working order. Maintain an ample supply of saw blades at
152 the work site during sawing operations. Provide adequate
153 artificial lighting facilities for night sawing. This equipment shall
154 be on the work site both before and continuously during concrete
155 placement.
156
157 (5) Forms. Use straight side forms made of a metal having a
158 thickness of not less than 7/32 inch, furnished in sections not less
159 than 10 feet in length. Forms shall have a depth equal to the
160 prescribed edge thickness of the concrete and a base width equal
161 to at least 80 percent of the specified pavement thickness. The
162 Engineer will not allow horizontal joint unless accepted by the
163 Engineer as a built-up form. Each form section shall be straight
164 and free from bends and warps. No section shall show a
165 variation greater than 1/8 inch in 10 feet from the true plane on the
166 top and 1/4 inch in 10 feet along the face of the form. The
167 method of connecting form sections shall insure tight, neat joint.
168 Side forms shall be of sufficient rigidity in the form and in the
169 interlocking connection with adjoining forms such that springing will
170 not occur under the weight of the subgrading and paving
171 equipment or from pressure of concrete. The Contractor may
172 use built-up metal forms by rigidly attaching a wood or metal
173 section of suitable width and thickness to the bottom of the form
174 providing an increase in depth of not more than 20 percent.
175
176 Use the flexible or curved forms of proper radius for curves
177 of 100-foot radius or less. The Contractor may use the straight
178 steel forms in sections of 10 feet or less in length for form lines
179 having a radius greater than 200 feet. The Engineer will permit
180 special forms of wood or steel for curved form lines having a radius
181 of 200 feet or less. Where the use of standard pavement forms
182 are impracticable, submit working drawings for acceptance. Five
183 feet long straight steel form section will be acceptable for curved
184 form lines having a radius of not less than 100 feet.
185
186 Forms shall be of sufficient rigidity to prevent distortion in
187 edge alignment due to pressure of concrete. Do not use the
188 wood forms as a track for operating paving and finishing
189 equipment.
190
191 (C) Preparation of Grade. After grading and compacting the
192 roadbed, trim the grade to the approximate correct elevation, extending
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193 the work at least two feet beyond each edge of the proposed concrete
194 pavement.
195
196 Grade and maintain the track path in a smooth compacted
197 condition until after constructing the pavement.
198
199 (D) Setting Forms.
200
201 (1) Base Support. The foundation under the forms shall be
202 hard and true to grade so that the form, when set, shall be firmly
203 in contact for its whole length and at the specified grade. Fill the
204 grades found below established grade with granular material in lifts
205 of 0.5 inch or less for a distance of 18 inches on each side of the
206 base of the form, and thoroughly compacted. Correct the above
207 grade imperfections or variations by tamping or trimming as
208 necessary.
209
210 (2) Form Setting. Set the forms sufficiently ahead of
211 concrete placement to provide time to check the line and grade and
212 provide a continuous concrete placement operation. After setting
213 the forms to the correct grade, tamp the grade thoroughly,
214 mechanically or by hand, at both the inside and outside edges of
215 the base of the forms. Stake the forms into place with not less
216 than three pins for each 10-foot section. Place a pin at each side
217 of every joint. Lock the form sections tightly from play or
218 movements. The forms shall not deviate from true line by more
219 than 1/4 inch. Set the forms so that the forms will withstand,
220 without visible spring or settlement, the impact and vibration of the
221 consolidating and finishing equipment. Clean and coat the forms
222 with a form release agent or oiled before placing the concrete.
223
224 (3) Grade and Alignment. Check and correct the alignment
225 and grade elevations of the forms immediately before placing the
226 concrete. When the forms are disturbed or grades become
227 unstable, reset and recheck the forms.
228
229 (E) Conditioning of Subgrade or Base Course. Bring the
230 subgrade or base course to proper cross section. Trim the high areas
231 to proper elevation. The low areas may be filled and compacted to a
232 condition similar to that of surrounding grade, or fill the low areas with
233 concrete integral with the pavement. Maintain the finished grade in a
234 smooth and compacted condition until placing the pavement.
235
236 If waterproof subgrade or base course cover material is not
237 specified, moisten the subgrade or base course uniformly and remove
238 excess water standing in pools or flowing on the surface before placing
239 the concrete.
240

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241 (F) Handling, Measuring, and Batching Materials. Handling,
242 measuring, and batching materials shall be according to Section 601 -
243 Structural Concrete.
244
245 (G) Mixing Concrete. Mixing concrete shall be according to Section
246 601 - Structural Concrete.
247
248 (H) Limitations of Mixing. Do not mix, place, or finish the concrete
249 when the natural light is insufficient, unless an adequate and acceptable
250 artificial lighting system is operated.
251
252 Before placing concrete pavement, have a good and sufficient
253 supply of water available throughout the work. An inadequate water
254 supply will be cause for delaying or shutting down the concrete mixer.
255 In case of a deficiency of water, use the water available for curing the
256 concrete already placed.
257
258 Make advance arrangements to prevent delay in delivery and
259 placing of the concrete. An interval of more than 30 minutes between
260 placing of two consecutive batches or loads of concrete shall constitute
261 cause for stopping paving operations. When suspending concrete
262 operations for such cause, make a joint at the location and of the type
263 specified by the Engineer in the concrete already placed and according to
264 Subsection 411.03(L) - Joints at no cost to the State.
265
266 (I) Placing Concrete. Make adequate advance arrangements for
267 preventing delay in delivery and placing of the concrete. An interval of
268 more than 4530 minutes between placing of any two consecutive batches
269 or loads shall constitute cause for stopping paving operations. When
270 stopping paving operations, make a construction joint at the location and
271 of the type specified by the Engineer at no cost to the State.
272
273 Slip-form paving and finishing machines shall be in satisfactory
274 adjustment and operational condition. Before placing concrete,
275 demonstrate proper adjustment of the screeds and floats on slip-form
276 pavers by measurements from grade stakes driven to known elevations.
277 Demonstrate satisfactory operation and adjustments of the propulsion and
278 control equipment, including pre-erected grade and alignment lines by
279 moving the slip-form pavers and finishing machines over a 500-foot length
280 of prepared subgrade with the propulsion and control equipment fully
281 operational.
282
283 Either construct the pavement in 12-foot widths separated by
284 longitudinal weakened joints or monolithically in multiples of 12-foot widths
285 with a longitudinal weakened plane joint at each traffic lane line.
286
287 Place the concrete while fresh. Do not use water for re-
288 tempering concrete. Deposit the concrete on grade so as to require as

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289 little rehandling as possible. Unless truck mixers, truck agitators, or
290 non-agitating hauling equipment are equipped with means for discharge
291 of concrete without segregation of the materials, unload the concrete into
292 an accepted spreading device and mechanically spread on the grade so
293 as to prevent segregation of the materials. Placing shall be continuous
294 between transverse joints without use of intermediate bulkheads. Use
295 shovels for hand spreading, not rakes. Do not allow the workers to
296 walk in the freshly mixed concrete with boots or shoes coated with earth
297 or foreign substances.
298
299 Do not use concrete showing improper proportions of materials,
300 including water, in the pavement. Remove and dispose such
301 unsatisfactory concrete at no cost to the State.
302
303 Spread, shape, and consolidate the concrete so that the
304 completed pavement will conform to the thickness and cross section
305 requirements of the contract. The sides of pavement may be
306 constructed on a batter not to exceed one horizontal to six vertical
307 (1H:6V), provided the top of the pavement is maintained at the specified
308 width.
309
310 When constructing portland cement concrete pavement adjacent to
311 an existing parallel concrete pavement not constructed as part of the
312 contract, spread, compact, and shape the concrete so that the:
313
314 (1) Completed pavement will conform to the thickness and
315 cross section requirements of the contract;
316
317 (2) Water does not pond on either side of the longitudinal joint
318 with the existing pavement;
319
320 (3) New pavement surface at the longitudinal joint conforms as
321 close as possible to the elevation of the existing concrete
322 pavement. Eliminate any differences in elevation between the
323 new pavement and the existing pavement by finishing the new
324 pavement within one foot of the existing pavement by hand
325 methods, adding or removing concrete as necessary;
326
327 (4) Transverse straightedge, longitudinal straightedge, and
328 Profile Index requirements specified in Subsection 411.03(M) -
329 Final Strike-Off, Consolidation and Finishing and Subsection
330 411.03(N) - Surface Test will not apply to the pavement surface
331 within one foot of the existing concrete pavement;
332
333 (5) Profiles of the completed pavement surface specified in
334 Subsection 411.03(N) - Surface Test are not required within four

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335 feet of the longitudinal construction joint with the existing concrete
336 pavement;
337
338 (6) Thickness measurements specified in Subsection 411.03(T)
339 - Tolerance in Pavement Thickness are not made in pavement
340 within one foot of the existing concrete pavement; and
341
342 (7) Transverse weakened plane joints are constructed in
343 pavement widening to match the spacing and skew of the
344 weakened plane joints in the existing pavement.
345
346 When placing concrete adjacent to a previously constructed lane of
347 pavement, do not operate the mechanical equipment on the existing lane
348 of pavement until the existing concrete pavement has obtained a strength
349 of not less than 550 pounds per square inch when tested according to
350 AASHTO T 97 - Flexural Strength of Concrete (using Simple Beam with
351 Three Point Loading).
352
353 Construct the pavement using only that paving equipment that
354 produces a finished surface meeting straightedge and profile index
355 according to Subsection 411.03(M) - Final Strike-Off, Consolidation and
356 Finishing and Subsection 411.03(N) - Surface Test. Failure of
357 equipment to produce pavement that conforms to said requirements will
358 constitute cause for stopping placement of concrete until the deficiency or
359 malfunction is corrected.
360
361 When placing concrete adjacent to an existing pavement, equip
362 that part of the equipment supported on existing pavement with protective
363 pads on crawler tracks or rubber tired wheels with the bearing surface
364 offset to run a sufficient distance from the pavement edge to avoid
365 breaking or cracking that edge.
366
367 Spreading, compacting, and shaping shall also conform to:
368
369 (1) Stationary Side Form Construction. Spread, shape,
370 and consolidate the concrete by one or more machines. These
371 machines shall uniformly distribute and consolidate concrete
372 without segregation so that the completed pavement conforms to
373 required cross section with a minimum of handwork.
374
375 The number and capacity of machines furnished shall be
376 adequate to finish the work required at a rate equal to that of
377 concrete delivery.
378
379 Effectively consolidate the concrete for the full paving width
380 by means of surface or internal vibrators.
381
382 When using vibrators to consolidate concrete, the rate of
383 vibration shall not be less 3,500 cycles per minute for surface

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384 vibrators and shall not be less than 5,000 cycles per minute for
385 internal vibrators.
386
387 Amplitude of vibration shall be sufficient to be perceptive on
388 the surface of concrete more than one foot from the vibrating
389 element. Furnish a tachometer for measuring and indicating
390 frequency of vibration.
391
392 Vibrators shall not rest on new pavement or side forms.
393 Connect the power to vibrators so that vibration ceases when
394 forward or backward motion of the machine is stopped.
395
396 Spread and shape the concrete for exit ramp termini, truck
397 weigh stations, ramps and connectors with steep grades and high
398 rates of super elevation, short sections of City and County streets
399 and roads, and concrete required to be placed in short lengths or
400 in widths other than multiples of 12-foot traffic lanes by acceptable
401 powered finishing machines supplemented by hand work as
402 necessary. Consolidation of such concrete shall be by high-
403 frequency internal vibrators within 15 minutes after depositing the
404 concrete on the subgrade. Vibrate with care so to assure
405 adequate consolidation adjacent to forms and uniformly across the
406 full paving width. The Engineer will not permit use of vibrators for
407 extensive shifting of the mass of concrete. Discontinue the
408 methods of spreading, shaping, and compacting that result in
409 segregation, voids, or rock pockets. Adopt methods that will
410 produce dense homogeneous pavement conforming to required
411 cross section.
412
413 (2) Slip Form Construction. Slip form paving equipment
414 shall spread, consolidate, and screed freshly placed concrete so
415 that a minimum of handwork is required to produce a dense
416 homogeneous pavement true to cross section and profile. The
417 Engineer will not permit abrupt changes in longitudinal deviation of
418 the pavement. The horizontal deviation shall not exceed 1/10 of
419 a foot from the alignment established by the contract.
420
421 Effectively consolidate the concrete for the full paving width
422 by high frequency vibrators. Operate the slip-form paver with as
423 nearly a continuous forward movement as possible. Coordinate
424 the operations of mixing, delivering, and spreading the concrete to
425 provide a uniform progress with stopping and starting of the paver
426 held to a minimum. When stopping the forward movement of the
427 paver, the vibratory and tamping elements shall also cease
428 immediately. Do not apply tractive force to the machine except
429 those tractive force controlled by the machine.
430
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431 (J) Test Specimens. Furnish the concrete necessary for casting
432 test beams and cylinders at no cost to the State. Cure the beams as
433 specified for pavement according to AASHTO T 23 (ASTM C 31).
434
435 (K) Strike-Off of Concrete and Placement of Reinforcement.
436 After placing the concrete, strike off the concrete to conform to the cross
437 section shown in the contract and to an elevation such that when the
438 concrete is properly consolidated and finished, the surface of the
439 pavement shall be at the elevation shown in the contract.
440
441 When placing reinforced pavement in two layers, strike off the
442 entire width of the bottom layer to such length and depth that the sheet of
443 fabric or bar mat may be laid full length on the concrete in final position
444 without further manipulation.
445
446 Place the reinforcement directly upon the concrete, place, strike
447 off, and screed the top layer of the concrete. Remove and replace the
448 portions of the bottom layer of concrete at no cost to the State when more
449 than 30 minutes have elapsed after placement without covering the
450 bottom layer with freshly mixed concrete.
451
452 When placing reinforced concrete in one layer, the reinforcement
453 may be positioned ahead of concrete placement or may be placed in
454 plastic concrete, after spreading by mechanical or vibratory means.
455
456 For the reinforcing steel, Subsection 602.04 - Storage, Surface
457 Condition and Protection of Reinforcement, shall apply.
458
459 (L) Joints. Construct the joints normal to the pavement surface of
460 the type, dimensions, and at locations required by the contract.
461
462 (1) Longitudinal Joints. The width of the joint shall be as
463 required with a depth of d = t/4 where:
464
465 d = minimum depth rounded up to the nearest 0.01-foot
466
467 t = thickness of pavement in each lane
468
469 When paving lanes are poured separately and a sawed
470 longitudinal joint is required, the longitudinal joints shall be as
471 required by the contract.
472
473 Place the deformed steel tie bars of the specified length,
474 size, spacing and material perpendicular to the longitudinal joint at
475 a target depth of d = t/2. Place the deformed steel tie bars by
476 mechanical equipment or secure the deformed steel tie bars rigidly
477 by chairs or other supports to prevent displacement. Use 30
478 inches long No. 5 rebars and space 30 inches center to center.

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479 Tie bars which are to be bent and later straightened shall be grade
480 40. The Engineer may require other sizes, grades, lengths,
481 and spacing base on slab width, thickness and the type of
482 underlying base. Do not paint or coat the tie bars with asphalt or
483 other material not enclosed in tubes or sleeves.
484
485 (a) Longitudinal Construction Joints. When
486 constructing adjacent paving lanes separately, the tie bars
487 may be bent with keyways at right angles against the forms
488 of the first lane constructed and straightened into final
489 position before placing concrete in the adjacent lane or an
490 acceptable two-piece tie bar connectors may be used.
491 When inserting a two-piece tie bar connector mechanically
492 during slip form paving, maintain the proper alignment and
493 adequate bond with the plastic concrete.
494
495 (b) Sawed Joint. Complete the sawing of longitudinal
496 joints within 12 hours of paving and before concrete is
497 placed in subsequent adjacent lanes and before equipments
498 or vehicles are allowed on the pavement.
499
500 (2) Transverse Expansion Joints. The expansion joint filler
501 shall be continuous from form to form. Shape the expansion joint
502 to the subgrade and to the keyway, if any, along the form.
503 Furnish the preformed joint filler in lengths equal to the pavement
504 width or equal to the width of one lane. Do not use damaged or
505 repaired joint filler.
506
507 Hold the expansion joint filler in a vertical position to secure
508 the preformed expansion joint filler at the proper grade and
509 alignment during placing and finishing of the concrete. Finished
510 joints shall not deviate more than 0.25 inch in the horizontal
511 alignment from a straight line. When assembling joint fillers in
512 sections, do not use the offsets between units. The Engineer will
513 not permit plugs of concrete anywhere within the expansion space.
514
515 (3) Transverse Contraction Joints. Transverse contraction
516 joints include planes of weakness created by forming or cutting
517 grooves in the surface of the pavement and, when shown on the
518 plans, shall include load transfer assemblies.
519
520 (a) Formed Joints. The Contractor may use the
521 formed joints made by depressing a tool or device into the
522 plastic concrete, regardless whether the joints are to remain
523 in or removed from the finished pavement, only with the
524 written acceptance of the Engineer.
525
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526 (b) Sawed Joints. Saw contraction joints by cutting
527 grooves in the pavement with an acceptable power saw.
528 The width shall be the minimum width possible with the type
529 of saw being used not exceeding 1/4 inch.
530
531 After sawing each joint, clean the sawed cut and
532 adjacent concrete surface thoroughly.
533
534 The Engineer will designate the first joint immediately
535 after separation or transverse contraction joint and every
536 second planned transverse contraction joint as control joints.
537 Saw them from 4 to 12 hours after placing the concrete.
538 The Engineer will determine the exact time of sawing. If
539 necessary and regardless of weather conditions, continue
540 the sawing operations day and night. Complete the
541 sawing of transverse contraction joints before placing the
542 concrete in adjacent lanes and before permitting traffic on
543 the pavement.
544
545 In succeeding lanes of concrete pavement, saw the
546 transverse joints within 24 hours after pouring the concrete.
547 The Engineer will determine the exact time. Omit not
548 more than three consecutive planned transverse contraction
549 joints.
550
551 Saw the remaining transverse contraction joints after
552 24 hours. Complete the transverse contraction joints
553 before pouring the concrete in adjacent lanes and before
554 permitting traffic on the pavement.
555
556 When a crack occurs within 5 feet of a planned
557 transverse contraction joint, omit sawing of that joint.
558 Discontinue sawing when a crack develops in front of the
559 saw. The Engineer will not pay for the joints sawed in
560 violation of these provisions.
561
562 When curing the pavement by curing seal, restore
563 the portions of the seal that are disturbed by sawing
564 operations by spraying the area with additional curing seal.
565
566 (c) Transverse Construction Joints. Construct a
567 transverse construction joint when an interruption of more
568 than 30 minutes in the concrete operations occurs. Do not
569 construct the transverse joint within 10 feet of any expansion
570 joint, contraction joint, or plane of weakness. When the
571 Contractor has not mixed sufficient concrete at the time of
572 interruption to form a slab at least 10 feet long, remove and
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573 dispose of any excess concrete back to the last preceding
574 joint as specified by the Engineer at no cost to the State.
575
576 (4) Load Transfer Devices. Install the load transfer units,
577 when required, at transverse joints. The load transfer units
578 include dowel bars of a grade and size required by the contract
579 spaced on one foot centers and held in position with a wire basket
580 or mechanically implanted. Place the dowels at a depth of d = t/2
581 where:
582
583 d = minimum depth rounded up to the nearest 0.01 foot
584
585 t = thickness of pavement of each lane
586
587 Place the dowels at this depth in the pavement parallel to
588 the surface and pavement edge with a tolerance for such alignment
589 of ± 1/4 inch per dowel. Vibrate the concrete around dowel bars
590 without disrupting the alignment of the load transfer devices.
591 Demonstrate that the method of dowel placement will have the
592 bars in the proper location after the paving train has made its final
593 pass over the joint.
594
595 Mark the center of the dowel assembly properly on both
596 sides of the pavement slab for reference in forming or sawing the
597 contraction joint.
598
599 Use wire baskets that remain in the pavement to hold the
600 dowels and preformed material for load transfer units. Furnish a
601 metal dowel cap or sleeve on each dowel bar to accommodate the
602 expansion. Equip the cap with a stop to prevent closing during
603 pavement operation. Maintain a clearance of one inch between
604 the closed end of the cap and the end of the dowel to
605 accommodate future movement of the concrete slab.
606
607 (M) Final Strike-Off, Consolidation and Finishing.
608
609 (1) Sequence. The sequence of operations shall be the
610 strike-off and consolidation, floating and removal of laitance,
611 straight-edging, and final surface finish.
612
613 In general, the Engineer will not permit the application of
614 additional water to the surface of the concrete to assist in finishing
615 operations. When permitting the application of water to the
616 surface apply the water as a fog spray by an acceptable spray
617 equipment.
618

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619 (2) Finishing at Joints. Compact or firmly place the
620 concrete adjacent to joints without voids or segregation against the
621 joint material, under and around load transfer devices, joint
622 assembly units, and other features designed to extend into the
623 pavement. Vibrate the concrete adjacent to joints mechanically
624 as required in Subsection 411.03(I) - Placing Concrete.
625
626 After placing and vibrating the concrete adjacent to the joint
627 as required in Subsection 411.03(I) - Placing Concrete, bring the
628 finishing machine forward, operating to avoid damage or
629 misalignment of the joints. When operation of the finishing
630 machine, to, over, and beyond the joints causes segregation of
631 concrete and damage to or misalignment of the joints, stop the
632 finishing machine when the front screed is approximately 8 inches
633 from the joint. Remove the segregated concrete from in front of
634 and off the joint; lift the front screed and set directly on top of the
635 joint; and resume the forward motion of the finishing machine.
636 When the second screed is close enough to permit the excess
637 mortar in front of the screed to flow over the joint, lift the screed
638 and carry it over the joint. Thereafter, the Contractor may run
639 the finishing machine over the joint without lifting the screeds,
640 provided there is no segregated concrete immediately between the
641 joint and the screed or on top of the joint.
642
643 (3) Machine Finishing.
644
645 (a) Nonvibratory Method. Distribute or spread the
646 concrete as soon as placed. Soon after placing the
647 concrete, strike off and screed the concrete by a finishing
648 machine. The machine shall go over each area of
649 pavement as many times and at such intervals as necessary
650 to give the proper compaction and to leave a surface of
651 uniform texture. Avoid excessive operation over a given
652 area. Keep the tops of the forms clean by an effective
653 device attached to the machine and maintain the travel of
654 the machine on the forms true without lift, wobbling, or
655 other variation tending to affect the precision finish.
656
657 During the first pass of the finishing machine,
658 maintain the a uniform ridge of concrete ahead of the front
659 screed for its entire length.
660
661 (b) Vibratory Method. Vibrators for full width vibration
662 of concrete paving slabs shall conform to Subsection
663 411.03(B)(3)(b) - Vibrators. When uniform and
664 satisfactory density of the concrete is not obtained by the
665 vibratory method, furnish equipment and methods that
27 (Project No.)
28 411-14a 8/22/05
666 produce pavement conforming to the contract. The
667 provisions in Subsection 411.03(M)(3)(a) - Nonvibratory
668 Method, not in conflict with the provisions for the vibratory
669 method shall govern.
670
671 (4) Nonvibratory Method, Hand Finishing. The Engineer
672 will not permit hand finishing methods except the following:
673
674 (a) When the mechanical equipment breaks down, hand
675 methods may be used to finish the concrete already
676 deposited on the grade when the breakdown occurs, or
677
678 (b) Where operations of the mechanical equipment is
679 impractical such as narrow widths or areas of irregular
680 dimensions, hand methods may be used to finish the
681 concrete.
682
683 Strike off and screed the concrete, as soon as placed.
684 Provide a second screed to strike-off the bottom layer of concrete if
685 reinforcement is used.
686
687 The screed for the surface shall be at least two feet longer
688 than the maximum width of the slab to be struck off. The screed
689 shall be an acceptable design and sufficiently rigid to retain its
690 shape. Use a screed constructed either of metal or of other
691 suitable material shod with metal.
692
693 Attain consolidation by using a vibrator.
694
695 In operation, move the screed forward on the forms with a
696 combined longitudinal and transverse shearing motion, moving
697 always in the direction in which the work is progressing and so
698 manipulated that neither end is raised from the side forms during
699 the strike-off process. When necessary, repeat this operation
700 until the surface is of uniform texture, true to grade and cross
701 section and free from porous areas.
702
703 (5) Floating. After striking off and consolidating the concrete,
704 smooth, true, and consolidate the concrete further by a
705 longitudinal float, using one of the following methods:
706
707 (a) Hand Method. The hand-operated longitudinal
708 float shall not be less than 12 feet in length and 6 inches in
709 width, stiffened properly to prevent the float from flexing and
710 warping. Work the longitudinal float with a sawing motion
711 while the float is held in a floating position parallel to the
712 road centerline and passing gradually from one side of the
29 (Project No.)
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713 pavement to the other. Operate the float from the foot
714 bridges, rest on the side forms, and span without touching
715 the concrete.
716
717 Movement ahead along the centerline of the
718 pavement shall be in successive advances of not more than
719 1/2 the length of the float. Waste excess water or soupy
720 material over the side forms on each pass.
721
722 (b) Mechanical Method. Adjust the tracks and float
723 accurately to the required crown. Coordinate the float with
724 the adjustments of the transverse finishing machine so that
725 a small quantity of mortar is carried ahead of the float.
726 Adjust the forward speed so that the float laps the distance
727 specified on each transverse trip. The float shall pass
728 over each area of pavement at least two times. The
729 Engineer will not permit excessive operation over a given
730 area. Waste the excess water or soupy material over the
731 side forms on each pass.
732
733 (c) Alternate Mechanical Method. As an alternative
734 to Subsection 411.03(M)(5)(b) - Mechanical Method, a
735 machine composed of a cutting and smoothing float or
736 floats, suspended from and guided by a rigid frame may be
737 used. Use a frame that is carried by four or more visible
738 wheels riding on and constantly in contact with the side
739 forms.
740
741 When necessary, the long-handled floats may be
742 used to smooth and fill in open-textured areas in the
743 pavement. The floats shall have blades not less than five
744 feet in length and 6 inches in width. Do not use the
745 long-handled floats to float the entire surface of the
746 pavement in lieu of, one of the preceding methods of
747 floating.
748
749 When striking-off and consolidating by the hand
750 method and the crown of the pavement does not permit the
751 use of the longitudinal float, float the surface transversely by
752 the long-handled float. Do not work the crown out of the
753 pavement during the operation. After floating, remove the
754 excess water and laitance from the surface of the pavement
755 by a straightedge 10 feet or more in length. Lap the
756 successive drags 1/2 the length of the blade.
757
758 (d) Slip-Form Finishing. Construct the pavement with
759 a preliminary float finish with devices incorporated in the
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760 slip-form paver. The Contractor may supplement these
761 with suitable machine floats.
762
763 Correct the edge slump of pavement, exclusive of
764 edge rounding, over 0.02 foot before concrete has
765 hardened.
766
767 (6) Straightedge Testing and Surface Correction. After
768 completing the floating and removing the excess water removed,
769 but while the concrete is still plastic, test the surface of the
770 concrete for trueness with a 10-foot straightedge. For this
771 purpose, furnish and use an accurate 10-foot straightedge swung
772 from a handle three feet longer than 1/2 the width of the slab.
773 Hold the straightedge in contact with the surface in successive
774 positions parallel to the road centerline and the whole area gone
775 over from one side of the slab to the other as necessary.
776 Advance along the road shall be in successive stages of not more
777 than 1/2 the length of the straightedge. Immediately fill with
778 freshly mixed concrete, strike off, consolidate, and refinish all
779 depressions. Cut down and refinish high areas. Construct the
780 surface across joints to meet the requirements for smoothness.
781 Continue straightedge testing and surface corrections until the
782 entire surface is found to be free from observable departures from
783 the straightedge and the slab conforms to the required grade and
784 cross section.
785
786 (7) Final Finish. After completing straight-edging and
787 surface corrections and as soon as the water sheen has practically
788 disappeared, texture the pavement surface uniformly. Apply the
789 final finish or texture by the use of an artificial turf drag followed
790 immediately by a metal comb transverse grooving device.
791
792 Use an artificial turf made of molded polyethylene with
793 synthetic turn blades approximately 0.85 inches long and contain
794 approximately 7,200 individual blades per square foot. Submit
795 the artificial turf for acceptance by the Engineer.
796
797 Attach the artificial turf suitably to a device that will permit
798 control of the time and rate of texturing. Do not attach this device
799 to other pieces of equipment in the paving train. The device shall
800 be a separate piece of equipment to be used exclusively for the
801 texturing operation. The artificial turf shall be full pavement width
802 and of sufficient size that during the finishing operation,
803 approximately two feet of turf parallel to the pavement centerline is
804 contacting the pavement surface so as to produce a uniform
805 appearing surface according to the contract. When necessary for

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806 maintaining intimate contact with the pavement surface, the
807 Contractor may down the turf.
808
809 The metal comb includes a single line of tempered spring
810 steel spaced at 3/4 inch on centers. Mount the metal comb
811 securely in a suitable head. The tines shall be of the size and
812 stiffness sufficient to produce a groove of the specified dimension
813 in the plastic concrete without slumping of the edge or severe
814 tearing of the surface. Attach the metal comb to a mechanical
815 device capable of transversing the entire pavement width in a
816 single pass at a uniform speed. Operate the grooving device so
817 as to produce a relatively uniform pattern of grooves perpendicular
818 to the pavement centerline, spaced approximately 3/4 inch on
819 centers, 1/8 inch to 3/16 inch deep, and 1/10 inch to 1/8 inch wide.
820 Hand combs with steel tines shall be available for the purpose of
821 providing a surface texture in event of breakdown of the
822 mechanical comb. The Engineer may allow deviations from the
823 stated dimensions providing a finish texture is produced according
824 to the contract.
825
826 (8) Edging at Forms and Joints. After the final finish, but
827 before the concrete has taken its initial set, round the edges of the
828 pavement along each side of each slab, on each side of the
829 transverse expansion joints, and construction (contact) joints to a
830 radius of 1/4 inch. Produce a well-defined and continuous radius
831 and a smooth, dense mortar finish. Do not unduly disturb the
832 surface of the slab by tilting the tool during use.
833
834 At joints, eliminate the tool marks appearing on the slab
835 adjacent to the joints by brooming the surface. In doing this, do
836 not disturb the rounding of the corner of the slab. Remove the
837 concrete on top of the joint filler completely.
838
839 When one side of the joint is higher than the other or when
840 the joint are higher or lower than the adjacent slabs, test the joints
841 with a straightedge before the concrete has set and correction
842 made.
843
844 (N) Surface Test. The finished pavement shall conform to the
845 following requirements when tested by the Engineer not more than 14
846 days following the placement of concrete:
847
848 (1) Straightedge the pavement surface at locations determined
849 by the Engineer with a straightedge 12 feet long. When laying
850 the straightedge on a finished pavement in a direction parallel with
851 centerline or normal to centerline, the surface shall not vary more
852 than 0.25 inch from the lower edge.
853

35 (Project No.)
36 411-18a 8/22/05
854 (2) The Engineer will determine the profile of the pavement
855 surface using a profilograph according to Hawaii Test Method
856 HDOT TM 6 and these provisions. The Engineer will take the
857 profiles three feet from and parallel to each edge of pavement and
858 at the approximate location of each longitudinal joint.
859
860 Make the request to the Engineer for profile testing at least 7
861 calendar days before testing the pavement surface. Clean and
862 clear the area to be tested of obstructions. The Engineer will do
863 the profilograph test up to two times per pavement surface test at
864 no cost to the Contractor. Submit the total area to be tested at
865 any time the request for testing is made for acceptance by the
866 Engineer. The Engineer will do additional required profilograph
867 testing at a cost to the Contractor at a rate of $750 per test per day.
868
869 During the initial paving operations, either startup or after a
870 long shutdown, furnish, operate, and test the pavement surface
871 using a California type profilograph when the concrete has cured
872 sufficiently to allow testing.
873
874 Repair the membrane curing film damaged during the
875 testing operations as specified by the Engineer. The Contractor
876 and the Engineer will use the initial profile testing to aid and
877 evaluate the paving methods and equipment. When an average
878 profile index exceeds 15 inches per mile, suspend the paving
879 operations. The Engineer will not allow the Contractor to resume
880 until corrective action is taken. Test the subsequent paving
881 operation according to the initial testing procedures.
882
883 Furnish paving equipment and employ methods that
884 produce a riding surface having a profile index of 10 or less,
885 except as provided herein. The Engineer may accept the initial
886 profiles up to 15 with applicable price adjustments. The Engineer
887 will not profile the pavements within 15 feet from each bridge
888 approach slab or existing pavement that is joined by the new
889 pavement. The Engineer will apply the surface requirement of
890 Subsection 503.03(M)(3)(a) - Finishing Bridge Decks to these
891 areas.
892
893 The Engineer will not require profile testing to the areas of
894 pavement:
895
896 (1) on horizontal curves having a centerline radius of
897 curve less than 1,000 feet and pavement within the
898 superelevation transition of such curves.
899

37 (Project No.)
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900 (2) for exit ramp termini, ramps and connectors with
901 steep grades and high rates of superelevation and short
902 sections of roadway.
903
904 Reduce individual high points over 0.3 inch, as determined
905 by measurements of the profilogram according to Hawaii Test
906 Method 10, by grinding until such high points as shown by reruns
907 of the profilograph do not exceed 0.3 inch.
908
909 After completing the grinding, do additional grinding as
910 necessary to reduce the Profile Index to values specified in any 0.1
911 mile section along any line parallel with the pavement edge.
912
913 Do additional grinding as necessary to extend the area
914 ground in each lateral direction so the lateral limits of grinding are
915 at a constant offset from and parallel to, the nearest lane line or
916 pavement edge. Also, do additional grinding as necessary to
917 extend the area ground in each longitudinal direction so the
918 grinding begins and ends at lines normal to the pavement
919 centerline, within any one ground area. Ground areas shall be
920 neat rectangular areas of uniform surface appearance.
921
922 When grinding pavement, do not finish the pavement to a
923 smooth or polish texture. Grind the pavement to have a texture
924 with uniformly spaced grooves, and in the direction specified by
925 the Engineer.
926
927 The Engineer will not permit bush hammers or other impact
928 devices.
929
930 Complete the corrective work before determining pavement
931 thickness.
932
933 (O) Curing. When completing the finishing operations and when
934 marring of the concrete does not occur, cover and cure the entire surface
935 of the newly placed concrete according to one of the following methods
936 shown below. When curing requires the use of water, the curing shall
937 have priority to water supplies. Failure to provide sufficient cover
938 material or lack of water to take care of both curing and other
939 requirements shall be cause for immediate suspension of the concrete
940 operations. Do not leave the concrete exposed for more than 1/2 hour
941 between stages of curing or during the curing period. Maintain the
942 covering in place for 72 hours after pouring the concrete.
943
944 (1) Cotton or Burlap Mats. Cover the entire surface of the
945 pavement with mats. The mats used shall be of such length or
946 width that as laid they extend at least twice the thickness of the
39 (Project No.)
40 411-20a 8/22/05
947 pavement beyond the edges of the slab. Place the mats so that
948 the entire surface and both edges of the slab are completely
949 covered. Before placement, saturate the mats thoroughly with
950 water. Place and weigh down the mats as to cause them to
951 remain in intimate contact with the surface covered. Maintain the
952 covering fully wetted and in position for the required period.
953
954 (2) Waterproof Paper. Cover the entire top surface and
955 sides of the pavement with waterproofed paper. Lap the units at
956 least 18 inches. Place and weigh down the paper as to cause
957 the paper to remain in intimate contact with the surface covered.
958 The paper shall have such dimensions that each unit laid shall
959 extend beyond the edges of the slab at least twice the thickness of
960 the pavement or of pavement width and two foot strips of paper for
961 the edges. When laid longitudinally, securely seal the paper not
962 manufactured in sizes which shall provide this width so that they do
963 not open up or separate during the curing period. Thoroughly
964 wet the surface of the pavement before placing the paper.
965
966 (3) Impervious Membrane Method. Spray the entire surface
967 of the pavement uniformly with white pigmented curing compound
968 immediately after the finishing of the surface and before the set of
969 the concrete has taken place. When initially curing the pavement
970 with jute or cotton mats, the white pigment curing compound may
971 be applied upon removal of the mats. Do not apply the curing
972 compound during rainfall.
973
974 Apply the curing compound under pressure at the rate of
975 one gallon to not more than 150 square feet by mechanical
976 sprayers. The spraying equipment shall be of the fully atomizing
977 type equipped with a tank agitator. At the time of use, the
978 compound shall be in a thoroughly mixed condition with the
979 pigment uniformly dispersed throughout the vehicle. During
980 application, stir the compound continuously by effective mechanical
981 means. The Engineer will permit hand spraying of odd widths or
982 shapes and concrete surfaces exposed by the removal of forms.
983 Do not apply the curing compound to the inside faces of joints to be
984 sealed.
985
986 When the curing film becomes damaged from causes within
987 the required curing period, repair the damaged portions
988 immediately with additional compound. Upon removal of side
989 forms, protect the sides of the slabs exposed immediately to
990 provide a curing treatment equal to that provided for the surface.
991
992 (4) White Polyethylene Sheeting. Cover the top surface
993 and sides of the pavement entirely with polyethylene sheeting.
994 Overlap the units at least 18 inches. Place and weigh down the
41 (Project No.)
42 411-21a 8/22/05
 995 sheeting as to cause the sheeting to remain in intimate contact with
996 the surface covered. The sheeting as prepared for use shall
997 have a dimension that each unit as laid shall extend beyond the
998 edges of the slab at least twice the thickness of the pavement.
999
1000 (P) Removing Forms. Remove the forms from freshly placed
1001 concrete after the concrete has set for at least 12 hours, except auxiliary
1002 forms used temporarily in widened areas. Remove the forms carefully
1003 so as to avoid damage to the pavement. After removing the forms,
1004 cure the sides of the slab as outlined in one of the methods indicated
1005 above. The Engineer will consider major honeycombed areas as
1006 defective work. Remove and replace the major honeycomb areas.
1007 Areas or sections removed shall not be less than 10 feet in length nor less
1008 than full width of the lane involved. When the removal and replacement
1009 of a section of pavement is necessary, also remove and replace
1010 remaining portion of the slab adjacent to the joints that is less than 10 feet
1011 in length.
1012
1013 (Q) Sealing Joints. When required by the contract, fill the joints
1014 with joint sealing material before the pavement is opened to traffic, and
1015 as soon after completion of the curing period is feasible. Clean each
1016 joint thoroughly of foreign matters including membrane curing compound
1017 and clean the joint faces and dry the surface before sealing. Stir the
1018 material during heating so that localized overheating does not occur.
1019
1020 Apply the sealer as required by the contract or as specified by the
1021 Engineer. Pour the sealer without spilling the material on the exposed
1022 surfaces of the concrete. Immediately remove and clean the material
1023 on the surface of the concrete pavement. The Engineer will not permit
1024 the use of sand or similar material as a cover for the seal.
1025
1026 (R) Protection of Pavement. Protect the pavement and its
1027 appurtenances against both public traffic and traffic caused by its own
1028 employees and agents. This shall include flaggers to direct traffic and
1029 the erection and maintenance of warning signs, lights, pavement
1030 bridges, or crossover.
1031
1032 When by the Engineer, construct pavement crossings for the
1033 convenience of public traffic according to Subsection 104.04 -
1034 Maintenance of Traffic. The Engineer will not make additional
1035 compensation for the work involved.
1036
1037 Repair or replace damages to the pavement before final
1038 acceptance.
1039
1040 The Engineer will require the Contractor to have available materials
1041 for the protection of the edges and surface of the unhardened concrete.

43 (Project No.)
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1042 The protective materials include standard metal form or wood plank
1043 having a nominal thickness of not less than two inches and a nominal
1044 width of not less than the thickness of the pavement at its edges. The
1045 surface protective material includes burlap or cotton mats, curing paper,
1046 or plastic sheeting. When rain appears imminent, paving operations
1047 shall stop. Place the forms against the sides of the pavement and cover
1048 the surface of the unhardened concrete with the protective covering.
1049
1050 (S) Opening to Traffic. Do not open the pavement to traffic until the
1051 specimen beams conforming to Subsection 411.03(J) - Test Specimens
1052 attain a flexural strength of 550 pounds per square inch when tested
1053 according to AASHTO T 97. Do not open the pavement to traffic before
1054 7 days regardless of strength attainment.
1055
1056 Clean, sign, and mark the pavement properly and clear the
1057 pavement of obstructions before opening the roadway to public traffic.
1058
1059 The Engineer will not allow construction traffic, equipment, or
1060 materials on the pavement while the pavement is attaining the strength.
1061
1062 (T) Tolerance in Pavement Thickness. The Engineer will check
1063 the thickness of the pavement by cores taken by the Contractor according
1064 to AASHTO T 24. The Engineer will inform the Contractor to take core
1065 samples and observe the Contractor taking core samples. The
1066 Engineer will test the cores according to AASHTO T 148. Cores are to
1067 be taken to determine thickness acceptability after completion of
1068 corrective work.
1069
1070 When cores are taken to determine the thickness of PCC
1071 pavement, a layer of material may adhere to the bottom of the core.
1072 Before determining the thickness of the PCC pavement, the Engineer will
1073 remove non-PCC pavement materials from the bottom of the core.
1074
1075 The Engineer will evaluate the pavement on the basis of primary
1076 and secondary unit. The primary unit of pavement will be the area of
1077 mainline pavement placed during one day's paving operations.
1078 Additionally, the Engineer will consider each ramp including tapers, each
1079 intersection, each crossover as a separate primary unit.
1080
1081 A secondary unit of pavement includes 1,000 linear feet or fraction
1082 thereof, of each mainline traffic lane and each shoulder in each primary
1083 unit. Also, each 1,300 square yards of pavement in ramps, tapers,
1084 intersections, and crossroads will be a secondary unit regardless of when
1085 the concrete was placed.
1086
1087 Drill one core in each secondary unit. When the length of that
1088 core is not deficient by more than 0.2 inch from the planned thickness,
45 (Project No.)
46 411-23a 8/22/05
1089 the Engineer will pay for that secondary unit at 100% of the contract unit
1090 price.
1091
1092 When the length of that core is deficient by more than 0.2 inch but
1093 less than 0.6 inch, drill two additional cores within the secondary unit and
1094 the Engineer will average the length of the three cores.
1095
1096 When the core in a secondary unit is deficient by more than 0.6
1097 inch, the Engineer will not use the core to determine the average
1098 thickness of the secondary unit.
1099
1100 Drill additional cores at intervals not exceeding 10 feet in each
1101 direction from the deficient core, measured parallel to the centerline, until
1102 one core is obtained in each direction which is not deficient by more than
1103 0.6 inch.
1104
1105 The Engineer will evaluate the pavement between these two cores
1106 separately from the balance of the pavement in that secondary unit.
1107 The limits for the evaluation will be between the longitudinal weakened
1108 plane or construction joint on each side of the core and between the next
1109 transverse weakened plane, construction, or expansion joint beyond
1110 each of the last two cores. Unless the Engineer allows the pavement to
1111 remain, remove and replace the pavement with pavement of the specified
1112 thickness. The Engineer will not pay for the removal of the deficient
1113 pavement. When the deficient pavement is allowed to remain, the
1114 Engineer will not make payment for the deficient pavement. Drill one
1115 additional core in the remaining portion of the secondary unit. The
1116 Engineer will evaluate this portion separately for payment as hereinbefore
1117 specified.
1118
1119 When removing deficient pavement, remove and replace the
1120 deficient pavement within the evaluation limits. After replacing the
1121 deficient pavement, drill one core at random in the secondary unit outside
1122 of the limits of the replaced pavement and drill one core in the new
1123 pavement. The Engineer will evaluate the pavement represented by the
1124 drilled core taken outside of the limits of the replaced pavement for
1125 payment as hereinbefore specified. When the core drilled in the
1126 replaced pavement is less than the specified thickness, the Engineer will
1127 not make payment for the replaced pavement.
1128
1129 Fill the core holes completely with concrete of the same quality as
1130 used to construct the pavement.
1131
1132 411.04 Method of Measurement.
1133
1134 (A) Concrete pavement will be paid on a lump sum basis.
1135 Measurement for payment will not apply.
47 (Project No.)
48 411-24a 8/22/05
1136
1137 (B) The Engineer will measure transverse contraction joints per linear
1138 foot in accordance with the contract documents.

49 (Project No.)
50 411-25a 8/22/05
1139
1140 Measurement for concrete pavement does not apply.
1141
1142 The Engineer will measure transverse contraction joints, other than
1143 transverse construction joint, per linear foot in accordance with the contract
1144 documents.
1145
1146 411.05 Basis of Payment. The Engineer will pay for the accepted pay items
1147 listed below at eh contract price per pay unit, as shown in the proposal
1148 schedule. PCC pavement on a contract lump sum basis. Payment will be
1149 full compensation for the work prescribed in this section and the contract
1150 documents. When the average length of cores indicates pavement thickness
1151 is deficient by more than 0.2 inch but not more than 0.6 inch, only the reduced
1152 price stipulated below will be paid.
1153
1154
1155
1156 The Engineer will pay for the accepted transverse contraction joints, other
1157 than transverse construction joints, at the contract unit price per linear foot of
1158 joint. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this section
1159 and the contract documents. The Engineer will pay for:
1160
1161 (1) 80% of the contract bid price upon completion of furnishing and placing
1162 the formed joints or cutting grooves in the pavement;
1163
1164 (2) 20% of the contract bid price upon completion of cleaning up including the
1165 removal of the saw cutting residues.
1166
1167 The Engineer will pay for each of the following pay items when included in
1168 the proposal schedule:
1169
1170 Pay Item Pay Unit
1171
1172 _____-inch, Concrete Pavement Lump Sum
1173
1174 Transverse Contraction Joint Linear Foot
1175
1176 The Engineer will pay for:
1177
1178 (1) 80% of the contract bid price upon completion of furnishing and
1179 placing the formed joints or cutting grooves in the pavement;
1180
1181 (2) 20% of the contract bid price upon completion of cleaning up
1182 including the removal of the saw cutting residues.
1183

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1184 When secondary unit core thickness is deficient by not more than 0.2 inch
1185 from planned thickness, the Engineer will pay for that secondary unit at 100
1186 percent.
1187
1188 When average secondary unit core thickness indicates pavement
1189 thickness is deficient by more than 0.2 inch but not more than 0.6 inch, the
1190 Engineer will determine pay for that secondary unit an adjusted price that will be
1191 the final adjusted price after adjustments have been made for other deficiencies,
1192 if any are applicable.
1193
1194 The Engineer will not pay for pavement allowed to remain with thickness
1195 deficiency greater than 0.6 inch.
1196
1197 When the Engineer determines that thickness-deficient areas warrant
1198 removal, remove and replace those areas with concrete having thickness
1199 indicated in the contract documents. Replacement pavement will be in
1200 accordance with requirements of Subsection 411.03(T) - Pavement Thickness
1201 and this subsection.
1202
1203 When profile index does not exceed 10, the Engineer will pay for the
1204 accepted pavement. When profile index exceeds 10, but less than or equal to
1205 15, the Contractor may elect to accept a reduced price adjustment as
1206 determined by the Engineer in lieu of reducing profile index. Profile index over
1207 15 shall require corrective work.
1208
1209 The Engineer will determine an adjusted price using planned thickness of
1210 PCC pavement. Adjusted price will apply to total area of the 0.1-mile section
1211 for lane width represented by profilogram.”
1212
1213 (A) Price Adjustments. When the average thickness of pavement is
1214 deficient in thickness by more than 0.2 inch, but not more than 0.6 inch,
1215 the Engineer will make payment at an adjusted price as specified in Table
1216 411-I - Concrete Pavement Deficiency. The theoretical unit price in
1217 Table 411-I shall be the final theoretical adjusted unit price after
1218 adjustments for other deficiencies, if applicable.
1219
TABLE 411-I - CONCRETE PAVEMENT DEFICIENCY
Core Thickness, Percent Of Theoretical Unit Price
Less Than Specified Allowed
Thickness, inch
0.00 to 0.20 100
0.21 to 0.40 75
0.41 to 0.60 40
1220
1221 When the thickness of pavement is deficient by more than 1 inch
1222 and the Engineer determines that the area of such deficiency should not

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54 411-27a 8/22/05
1223 be removed and replaced, the Engineer will not make payment for the
1224 area retained.
1225
1226 When the Engineer determines that the deficient areas warrant
1227 removal, remove and replace the deficient areas with concrete of the
1228 thickness shown in the contract. The Engineer will pay for the
1229 replacement according to the above.
1230
1231 When the profile index does not exceed 10, the Engineer will make
1232 payment at the theoretical unit price for the completed pavement. When
1233 the profile index exceeds 10, the Contractor may elect to accept a
1234 theoretical unit price adjustment in lieu of reducing the profile index.
1235 The Engineer will make the theoretical unit price adjustment according to
1236 the following schedule:
1237
PROFILE INDEX PRICE ADJUSTMENT
(Percent of theoretical unit price)
10 or less 100
Over 10 but less than 11 98
Over 11 but less than 12 96
Over 12 but less than 13 94
Over 13 but less than 14 92
Over 14 but less than 15 90
Over 15 Corrective work required
1238
1239
1240
1241 The Engineer will compute the theoretical adjusted price using the
1242 planned thickness of PCC pavement. This adjusted price will apply to
1243 the total area of the 0.1 mile section for the lane width represented by the
1244 profilogram.”
1245
1246
1247
1248 END OF SECTION 411
1249

55 (Project No.)
56 411-28a 8/22/05