Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Citizenship & I
Citizenship & I
&
I
This booklet is part of a Series of 6 Booklets on
Environmental Sustainability with a special focus
on Climate Change. Each booklet aims to motivate
individuals to take action to mitigate global warming
by providing basic information in an easy to
understand manner.
Citizenship
&
I
Copyright © 2008
Centre for Environmental Research and Education (CERE)
ISBN 978-81-902018-3-4
3
What I get as a citizen...
Identity
Healthcare Livelihood
Rights &
legal protection
DID YOU
KNOW...
Our impact upon the Planet has more than
tripled since 1961. Human consumption
now exceeds the Earth’s ability to
regenerate itself by 25%.
4
...my failures as ONE
Environmental
destruction
Ignorance Apathy
Consumerism Population
explosion
Inequity
DID YOU
KNOW...
“The future depends on what we do in the
present.”
Mahatma Gandhi
5
WHAT IS CITIZENSHIP?
6
EACH ONE OF US IS
AFFECTED…
EACH ONE IS
RESPONSIBLE…
7
Ten worst issues
affecting us...
Population: World
population touched
6.6 billion in 2007.
Although India
occupies only 2.4%
of the world’s land
area, it supports
over 17.5% of the
world’s population.
ONE in every
six people on earth
lives in India. T
FAC
8
Poverty: Poverty is the
state of a majority of
the world’s people and
nations. One billion
children in the world
live in poverty. India
has the world’s largest
number of poor people
in a single country. Of
its nearly 1 billion
inhabitants, about
350-400 million are
below the poverty line,
with 75% of them in
the rural areas.
9
Environmental Destruction: Pollution,
global warming, climate change,
biodiversity loss are all manifestations of
unsustainable development. A study
published in 2007, in the journal Human
Ecology, reveals that 62 million deaths per
year could be attributed to environmental
factors.
10
Lack of Education:
Nearly a billion
people in the world
entered the 21st
century unable to
read a book or sign
their names.
According to The
Annual Status of
Education Report
(ASER) 2006, 51.9%
of children in the age
group of 6-14 cannot
read Standard II level material – this means
98 million children need remedial help in
language in India.
11
Health-Related
Issues: We are
greatly affected by
the environment we
live in. Our home,
office, outdoor and
transportation
environments pose
risks to health in a
number of different
ways, from the poor quality of the air we
breathe, to the spread of virulent diseases, to
the hazards caused by climate change.
Worldwide one billion people lack access to
healthcare systems. Over 9 million people
die worldwide each year because of hunger
and malnutrition.
12
Corruption & Poor
Governance: In many
surveys India is
ranked as the fifth
most corrupt country
in the world. Corruption in India is all
pervasive.
13
Lack of infrastructure: Infrastructure in
India needs to be improved. Roads, public
transport facilities, water and sewage
systems, agriculture-related facilities, tele-
communications and power all need to catch
up with the growing demands. The greatest
challenge for India is to work out
environmentally sustainable and viable
solutions for basic infrastructure.
Every year on an
average, 75,000 people
lose their lives in road
T accidents, and over
FAC 3,25,000 are injured.
14
Communalism /
R e l i g i o u s
Fundamentalism:
India is a country
known for its
tolerant past.
Hatred and violence are being propagated
because a few people are obsessed with
religious fundamentalism and
communalism. The preamble to the
Constitution of India signifies that India is a
secular state.
15
Water and Development: Water is an
essential component of human existence.
Growing populations and the abuse and
pollution of water resources have changed
water from a life-giving, freely available
resource to one over which wars are fought.
Today, developed nations consume about
85% of the world’s water resources, while in
poorer nations water-borne diseases already
kill one child every eight seconds.
16
EACH ONE OF US CAN
MAKE A DIFFERENCE
It takes just
ONE person.
17
M.C. Mehta
Winner of the Goldman Environment
Prize and the Magsaysay Award.
18
Gajanan Dudhalkar
Medha Patkar
Winner of the Right Livelihood Award
(Alternative Nobel Prize), the
Goldman Environment Prize, the
Green Ribbon Award for Best
International Political Campaigner by
BBC amongst others.
KNOW...
DID YOU
19
Dr. Almitra Patel
Winner of the Economic Times’
Achiever of the Year for Environment
award in Karnataka, the
Kempegowda Award-for Environment
and other awards.
KNOW...
Dr. Almitra Patel started on her ‘Waste
Mission’ by documenting the prevailing
waste practices in 86 cities across India
with her colleague Captain Velu. The sad
state of affairs in waste management led her
finally to file a Public Interest Litigation which
resulted in India’s first Municipal Solid Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2000.
20
Arvind Kejriwal
Magsaysay Award for Emergent
Leadership, one among the many other
awards that he has won.
KNOW...
Right to Information gives you access to
all the information that you seek from the
Government. For example, you have the right to
ask why the road outside your house is not repaired
or if a particular building in your locality is legal or
why your ration card is not being renewed.
21
Sunita Narain
Director Centre for Science and
Environment, Padma Shri recipient
and The Stockholm Water Prize
amongst many other awards.
KNOW...
The Anil Agarwal Clean Air Model
developed by CSE is based on the simple
principle that emissions from a vehicle
depend on the type of technology, quality of fuel,
number of kilometres run everyday, and how the
engine deteriorates over time.
22
These inspiring stories are of
true citizens of this country.
They are people consumed
with a single passion and
thought: How to make the
world a better place.
Citizenship is about just that - making the
world and our country a better place to live
in.
23
Check your
citizenship score card
YES NO
24
YES NO
For every ' Yes' answer give yourself one mark and
then add up your score.
25
HANDY TIPS
26
8 SIMPLE STEPS TO BE
A BETTER CITIZEN
KNOW...
DID YOU
27
2. Civic Sense
No one lives or works in isolation. We all
live in communities. We need to have basic
civic sense like not breaking traffic lights
and not littering the roads in order to live in
communities. We need to start caring for the
communities and neighbourhoods we live
and work in.
KNOW...
DID YOU
28
3. Be a Vigilant Consumer
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986
guarantees certain statutory rights to
consumers and is the cheapest remedy
available to aggrieved persons/consumers.
Proceedings grant relief to parties in the
quickest possible time. Consumers form a
strong voice that can change policies and
improve living conditions, if united. Lend
your voice to worthy causes.
KNOW...
DID YOU
29
4. Join Advanced Locality Management
(ALM) Groups
Participate in some community work. Solve
a problem in the neighbourhood by
collaborative efforts.
5. Community Service
Give of your time to the blind or to the old and
disabled. Encourage products made by them.
6. Start Voting
Show your preferences! This will help
political parties shape up and work for the
good of the common man.
KNOW...
DID YOU
30
7. Pressure Group to Influence Policies
Write in, discuss issues and help shape
governmental policies. “Social participation
is the key to a healthy democracy,” as stated
by Brazilian social entrepreneur Luciana
Martinelli. “It means voicing one’s opinions
and taking part in decision-making
processes, whether acting within a
neighborhood association or lobbying the
government for policy changes.”
KNOW...
DID YOU
31
8. Assert Your Rights
If there is any issue bothering you, take it up.
Start a campaign and
if that does not work,
file a Public Interest
Litigation (PIL), but
whatever the issue
may be, go about
finding solutions in a
lawful, legal manner.
DID YOU
KNOW...
If you have a grievance against any
governmental agency or its manner of
functioning or feel that governmental processes
need to be reformed, then you can write to The
Department of Administrative Reforms and Public
Grievances. This department works to improve
government functioning and to make it more
citizen-friendly. Visit the following website
http://darpg.nic.in and voice your suggestions.
32
10 IMPORTANT STEPS
TO PLAN A CAMPAIGN
33
8 STEPS TO WIN A PUBLIC
INTEREST LITIGATION
Anyone can go to court seeking judicial
remedies for a public cause. Such a court
matter is called a Public Interest Litigation.
Collect evidence, use the RTI Act to get
the right documents and show attempts at
problem solving.
Pick a dedicated lawyer and file the PIL
before a local court.
Focus on a generic issue rather specific ones.
Link up with others working for a similar
cause and file a PIL under one umbrella.
Use the government’s policy statements,
reports and recommendations.
Attend every hearing. Strengthen the case
with facts, logical arguments based on
evidence and sound legal inputs.
If courts appoint committees, instruct them
on the selection criteria. Give the committee
the correct ‘Terms of Reference’.
Get media coverage on the issue.
These things take time. Don’t give up!
34
SUCCESS STORY
Muhammad Yunus
Nobel Peace Prize winner, 2006
KNOW...
DID YOU
35
SUCCESS STORY
Wangari Maathai
Right Livelihood Award, 1984,
Nobel Peace Prize, 2004.
BRain TEASE S
R
36
CITIZENSHIP AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) has stated that human
activities are a major cause of climate change.
Also, climate change is linked to economic
growth. Economies around the world are
dependent on non-renewable, carbon-based
energy sources, which have been identified as
one of the most important causes of climate
change. One thing is clear: We, the citizens of
the world, have caused climate change and
we are still not doing anything about it.
KNOW...
DID YOU
37
If we do not the limit the global temperature
increase to 2 °C then humanity will face many
climatic changes that will put human
existence at risk. We only have a few years
left to reduce emissions. It is imperative that
we act now or our children and grandchildren
will face the consequences of our apathy.
Emissions that go up in 2007 will still remain
in the atmosphere in 2100.
KNOW...
DID YOU
38
The irony is that the poor contributed the least
to the causes of climate change, but will be
the worst hit.
KNOW...
DID YOU
39
INDIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL
MILESTONES
1778
294 Bishnoi men and 1864
69 Bishnoi women
were killed as they The Indian Forest
tried to protect the Department was
khejri tree. This led to established by the
a royal order British colonial
prohibiting the cutting government. Within
of trees in Bishnoi 50 years it would
villages. control over one-fifth
the land of India.
1874
The Bombay Society 1935
for Prevention of India’s first national
Cruelty to Animals park was established
started and remains the as Hailey National
longest continuously Park and later
operating humane renamed Jim Corbett
society in India. National Park.
40
1963
India signs and 1973
ratifies CITES
(Convention on Women living in
International Trade in Himalayan villages in
Endangered Species Northern India begin
Wild Fauna and the Chipko movement
Flora). Of the 33,000 to protect trees from
species protected by commercial logging.
CITES only one has India launch Project
gone extinct so far. Tiger to protect the fast
declining tiger
population.
1974
The Water Act is
introduced in India.
1980
The Forest
Conservation Act is
introduced in India.
41
1981
The Air Act is 1982
introduced in India.
Vandana Shiva,
leader of the
environmental
1984 movement in India,
The Bhopal Gas founds The Research
Tragedy in which an Foundation for
estimated 10,000 Science, Technology
people are killed and and Ecology in New
many more injured Delhi, India.
when Union Carbide's
pesticide plant in
Bhopal, leaks 40 tons
of methyl isocyanate
gas into the air and
sends a cloud of
poison into the
surrounding city of
1 million. 1986
The Environment
Protectiontion Act is
introduced in India.
42
1987
The Narmada Bachao
Andolan, led by
1992
Medha Patkar, rose to
protest the construction The UN Convention
of the dam. It on Biodiversity is
refocused its efforts on signed and ratified by
the rights of villagers India.
and tribals displaced
by the dam.
1997 2000
The Kyoto Protocol The Government of
treaty is signed and India and UNPF
ratified by 84 countries announce India’s
including India and is population has crossed
the first major attempt the 1 billion mark.
to mitigate the effects
of climate change and 2004
reduce the emissions
The Supreme Court of
of greenhouse gases.
India makes
environment education
a compulsary subject.
43
LEGISLATION
The Juvenile Justice [Care and Protection of Children]
Act 2000: It was enacted to consolidate and amend the law
relating to juveniles in conflict with law and children in
need of care and protection.
Freedom of Religion
- The right to freedom of religion is a fundamental right
guaranteed under Article 25 of the Constitution.
- Subject to public order, morality and health and to the
other provisions of Article 25, all persons are equally
entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to
profess, practice and propagate religion. (Article 25).
For Women
Equal Remuneration Act
The Indecent Representation of Women Act
The Sati Abolition Act
The Dowry Prohibition Act
The Domestic Violence Act
44
Right to Infomation Act, 2005: Enshrines a citizen’s right
to demand information and inspect public documents. It
has been instrumental in promoting transperancy in
governance and reducing corruption.
45
IMPORTANT RESOURCES
WEBSITES:
http://www.indiaproactive.com
This website is facilitates discussions on a broad range
of issues that affect India.
http://www.changemakers.net
This website explores innovate solutions to social issues.
www.ashoka.org
The Ashoka website is dedicated to promoting innovative
ideas of social change, social entrepreneurs and leaders.
http://www.cuts-international.org
This website belongs to Consumer Unity and Trust
society and is dedicated to redressing consumer issues.
http://www.indiatogether.org
The India Together website has a lot of information on
important developmental and public interest issues.
http://www.secularindia.com
This website is dedicated to protecting India’s secular
fabric.
46
IMPORTANT RESOURCES
ORGANISATIONS:
Human Rights: Human Rights Law Network
Tel: +91-11-24374501/ 24376922
E-mail: contact@hrln.org
Website: http://www.hrln.org
47
This Series of 6 Information Booklets on
Environmental Sustainability includes the titles:
Waste & I
Water & I
Energy & I
Biodiversity & I
Citizenship & I
Climate Change & I
Citizenship
ISBN 978-81-902018-3-4
PRINTED IN INDIA