21st century

Regional Literatures Features Notable writers Famous Literary works

Ilocano Ilocano literature Manuel Arguilla of La “How My Brother Leon
pertains to the literary Union, Carlos Bulosan Brought Home a Wife”
works of writers of of Pangasinan, Amador and “Morning in
Ilocano ancestry T. Daguio of Ilocos Nagrebcan”; “America
regardless of the Norte, Francisco Sionil is in the Heart”, “My
language used – be it José of Pangasinan and Father’s Tragedy”, and
Ilokano, English, Pedro Bukaneg of “Father Goes to Court”;
Spanish or other Bantay, Ilocos Sur “A Wedding Dance”;
foreign and Philippine “The God Stealer” and
languages. Ilocano “My Brother, My
literature, next to the Executioner”; Father of
Tagalog, is believed by Ilocano Literature and
scholars to be the the acknowledged
richest and most highly author of the “Epic of
developed in the Biag ni Lam-ang”
Philippines. Ilocano
literature can be traced
back at least to the
early 17th century.
There are a large
number of religious
documents, poems,
riddles (burburcha),
proverbs, epic stories,
folksongs, and other
literary works that
belong to thistradition.
Hiligaynon Hiligaynon literature Hiligaynon– Alicia Tan- Religio Cristiano
consists of both the Gonzales, Peter Solis Apostolica Romana,
oral and written works Nery, Edgar Siscar, Ang Babai nga Huaran,
in Hiligaynon, the Resurreccion Hidalgo, uinabuhi kag Pasion ni
language of the Alfredo Siva, Alain Russ Hesukristo nga Aton
Hiligaynon people in Dimzon; Kinaray-a — Ginoo, Ang Mutia nga
the Philippine regions Ma. Milagros C. Matin-aw,
of Western Visayas and Geremia Lanchica, Alex
Soccsksargen. C. de los Santos, John
Iremil E. Teodoro, Jose
Edison C. Tondares,
Maragtas S. V. Amante,
Ma. Felicia Flores;
Aklanon –– Melchor F.
Cichon, Alexander C. de
Juan, John E. Barrios
Cebuano Cebuano literature Antonio Abad, Ang Camatuoran, La
refers to the body of Martin Abellana, Precursor, La
 oral and written Onofre Abellanosa, Revolucion, Bag-ong
literature of speakers Ramón D. Abellanosa, Kusog, Ang Freeman,
of Cebuano, the Victorina A. Babaye, Nasud, Bisaya
mother tongue of a Abellanosa,
quarter of the Temistokles Adlawan,
country’s population Ruperto Alaura,
who live in Cebu, Erlinda K. Alburo
Bohol, Siquijor, Negros
Oriental, and parts of
Leyte and Mindanao
Bicolano The Bikol people have a Luis Cabalquinto, Gode Pagkamoot sa Banuang
writing tradition with Calleja, Ruby Alan, Tinoboan, Comedia ni
roots in its ancient Angelica Gonzales, Hadeng Grimaldo sa
folkways. Still extant Honesto Pesimo, Reinong Irlandaby
are charm verses Jazmin Llana, Victor Sabas Armenta, Drama
exploiting the Velasco, Nino Manaog, en Comedia de la Vida
possibilities of words in Xavier Olin and Cynthia Conde Urbano,
folk poems and Buiza Magamang Pobre
narratives with
mythical content.
Kapampangan Among the Juan Crisostomo "Ing Tagumpe ning
characteristics of orally "Crissot" Soto, Edna Katutwan" (The
based thought and Zapanta-Manlapaz, Triumph of Truth);
expression exhibited by Zoilo Galang, "Ganid" (A Cruel
the Kapampangans, Luisa Gonzaga de León, Person); "Sinta't Balen"
starting with their folk Francisco Alonso (Love and Country);
literature, were: Liongson, “Mumunang Sinta”
agonistically tuned; Angela Manalang- (First Love),
traditionalist; close to Gloria, “Sampagang E
the human life world; Danton Remoto, Malalanat” (Unfading
participatory and Aurelio Tolentino, and Flower), “Bandila Ning
empathetic rather than Amado Yuzon Filipinas” (Flag of the
objectively distanced; Philippines)
homeostatic; and
situational rather than
abstract .
Tagalog The literary tradition in Gaspar Aquino de Manga Panalanging
the Tagalog regions Belen, Pagtatagobilin sa
specially outstanding in Francisco Balagtas, Caloloua nang Tauong
the field of oral Lualhati Bautista, Naghihingalo,
literature like José de la Cruz, Florante at Laura,
bugtong(riddle), Agustin Fabian, Urbana at Feliza,
proverbs, native songs. Lázaro A. Francisco, Banaag at Sikat,
These oral literatures Bienvenido Lumbera, Ang Huling Timawa,
are always in poetic Rolando Tinio, Kayumanggi at Iba
forms, usually seven- Jose Bernardino Pang Mga Tula,
syllabic rhymes, so Capino, Timawa,
 Asian in form and Rene O. Villanueva Luha ng Buwaya,
perspective. Sa Mga Kuko ng
Liwanag,

Lengua Para Diablo

1. Characters of the story: Father, mother, little girl, Spanish mestizo

2. Setting of the story: house of the family during Spaniard colonization
3. Theme of the story: How unemployment and poverty affects the family, dignity of the father,
gender roles in the family
4. What does lengua symbolizes: language in English, and tongue in Spanish which symbolizes the
words eaten by the devil
5. What did the father mean by the devil ate my words: In the story, what the father meant by
saying, "the devil ate my words" is that he can't react about his wife's complains. The word
seems to run out from his mouth because he agrees with his wife about the state of their lives,
especially since he was unemployed and failed to give them a luxurious life. the phrase "the
devil ate my words" in the story also reflects the father's inner thoughts.
6. What does this tell us about Philippine society? Being the foundation of the family, this story
tells us how unemployment of the father affects the familial situation. If a father can not and
does not speak in terms of decision making, it will greatly affect the future of not just the
children but the family involved in general.
7. Since the little girl is just young, she might not yet understand what is going on around her and
might be a little confused.
8. Gender roles is definitely not fair. While everyone plays a role in each family, a father nor a
mother should not be designated to one part. Being a family means sticking with each other,
and sticking with each other means helping each other fairly.

(pg 4 of 9)

1. What is a prelude? an action or event serving as an introduction to something more important.

It was titled preludes because the man sang 3 songs not for the dead person, the judge, but he
dedicated his songs for himself because he knew that he will die later.
2. “Beneath the benign façade beats the heart of a wronged” At first, Nenita seems to be a loving,
caring and considerate wife to her husband. But in reality, Nenita’s demeanour conceals
considerably more than it reveals.
3. The man who died in the first paragraph is Nenita’s husband.
4. He died by herbal medications. “She could have buy and continued to keep the pocket of dried
purple leaves said to be from a rare vine found only in Mt. Banahaw”

5. Nenita killed her husband. Not instantly, but gradually

6. One might see it as a kind of justice that he is punished by real death for his true unfaithfulness,
while Nenita escapes unscathed for her imaginary adultery, but I believe that reading the story
is overly literal, in contrast to the subtlety of Delgado's narration. This is a story about two ill-
 matched people who don't love each other, and the fact that Nenita's infidelities take place only
in her mind seems to be more a matter of timidity or lack of opportunity than anything more
noble.
7. Gender Inequality, body image standards and adultery for men and for women

Justice by Ralph Semino Galan

1. The golden pair of scaling is as an idiom which denotes of social justice. Scale is one of the most
common symbols of justice. It means that between good and bad, there is always justice which
is shown by the balance. Balance between the scale means there is equality and fairness.
2. The double-edge sword symbolizes that it’s not always reason and it's not only justice. Justice
and reason should be balanced.
3. It was mentioned there the Roman goddess Justitia that slowly fades into thin air and that
means that the justice is already gone.
4. The right and wrong are like cards because it is easy to manipulate. If you have money, you can
easily manipulate many situations regarding justice.
5. To face the music means to accept consequences, to own up to the responsibility created by
one's actions

1. Why are symbols important? Symbols help us comprehend deeply and widens our
understanding. They are the makeup of a poem.
2. Symbols are important to the life of a country as they help characterize who they are and what
type of country they are. Through the symbols people can have ideas and knowledge, and we
can easily see and identify what kind of nation they have.

Scaffold #2

The word adobo is derived from the Spanish word adobar, which means “marinade” or “pickling sauce.”
The existence of the tangy dish was first recorded in 1613 by the Spaniard Pedro de San Buenaventura
and has been since then on adapted by the Filipino people. Chicken adobo is definitely popular in the
Philippines especially in our family. This is the type of dish that can never go wrong in terms of taste as it
is sour, sweet and salty all at the same time with a hint of savor. Our family cooks this when we can not
think of anything to cook.