ELS

1. What are common characteristics of animals?

Animals are multicellular. They are heterotrophic, obtaining their energy by consuming
energy-releasing food substances. Animals typically reproduce sexually and are made up of
cells that do not have cell walls. Animals are capable of motion in some stage of their lives.

2. Which characteristics of animals do you think is important?

All characteristics are important however, their ability to survive stands out the most.
Without being able to adapt to their environment and catch their prey, animals won’t have
the capability to survive long enough.

Tissues Functions Selective Location

connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
muscular tissue
Attach organs and tissues
together
Monitors and regulates the
functions of the body
Form the protective
covering and inner lining of
the body and organs
Helps in movement and
locomotion;
Supports the bones and
other structures;
Responsible for peristalsis
and parturition.
Mesodermal cells in the
embryo
Brain and spinal cord
the skin, the lining of the
mouth and nose, and the
lining of the digestive
system.
inside of the heart, digestive
organs, and blood vessels

1. What is tissue engineering?

An interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that aims at the development of biological
substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function. Its goal is to assemble
functional constructs that restore, maintain, or improve damaged tissues or whole
organs.
2. Do you think it would be possible to alter animal structure and organization with the
discovery of tissue culture?
Yes. According to a research done by Anju Verma, Megha Verma, and Anchal Singh, cell
culture is the process of growing human, animal, or insect cells in a favorable artificial
environment. Cells can be derived from multicellular eukaryotes, already established
cell lines, or established cell lines. Animal cell culture became a common laboratory
technique in the mid-20th century, but the concept of keeping live cell lines isolated
from their original tissue source was discovered in the 19th century. Animal cell culture
is currently one of the most important tools used in life sciences in research areas of
commercial value and potential commercialization.

BODY SYSTEM MAIN FUNCTIONS DISEASES

STRUCTURE/
ORGAN
DIGESTIVE Oral Cavity, responsible for diverticulitis; gastritis;
Esophagus, Liver, the breaking pancreatitis;
Stomach, Small down and cholecystitis; cirrhosis;
Intestine, Large absorption of hepatitis; liver cancer;
Intestine, nutrients and the irritable bowel or
Rectum, Anus elimination of the colon syndromes;
waste not utilized Crone’s disease; and
by the body/ or hemorrhoids.
identifying which
minerals,
vitamins, and
other essentials
from the foods
we eat can be
absorbed and
utilized or stored
by the body and
which are to be
disposed of, and
carrying out those
functions
EXCRETORY kidneys, ureters, regulate the Kidney disease,
bladder, and chemical incontinence,
urethra composition of Interstitial cystitis,
body fluids by kidney failure, bladder
removing
 metabolic wastes cancer,
and retaining the
proper amounts
of water, salts,
and nutrients
ENDOCRINE Pineal Gland, secrete chemicals Type 1 & Type 2
Pituitary Gland, called hormones Diabetes,
Thyroid Gland, that regulate hypoglycemia,
Thymus, Adrenal most of the Addison’s disease;
Gland, Pancreas, processes in our Cushing’s syndrome;
Ovary, Testis bodies such as hyper/hypothyroidism,
growth, thyroid cancer; and
reproduction, other active cancers of
metabolism, and the endocrine glands
even the control
of the amount of
glucose in our
blood
CIRCULATORY Heart, Blood pumps blood and coronary bypass
Vessels blood vessels surgery; arrhythmias;
such as arteries valve replacements;
and veins, pacemakers;
transport the transplants; heart
blood to every diseases (ischemic;
part of our body hypertensive;
providing organs arteriosclerotic);
and muscles with hypertension;
nourishment aneurysms; fistulas;
arteriosclerosis;
anaphylaxis shock;
varicose veins; cold
weather injuries; and
sarcomas of the blood
vessels
MUSCULAR Voluntary/ maintain blood muscular dystrophy;
involuntary/ flow through our fibromyalgia;
cardiac body, responsible tendinitis; multiple
for carrying out sclerosis; and muscle
 the actions and strain or sprains;
movements hernias
caused by
messages sent
from our brains
through our
nervous system
SKELETAL Ribs/ skull/ supports and arthritis; cancers;
bones/ joints protects the scoliosis; osteoporosis,
body’s internal gout; bursitis;
organs fractures and breaks;
and amputations.
REPRODUCTIVE prostate gland, mainly functions breast cancer, removal
penis, testis, to create human of breast or
scrotum, ductus life lumpectomy;
deferens hysterectomy;
mammary glands, pregnancy
ovary, uterus, complications;
vagina, fallopian endometriosis; ovarian
tube or cervical cancers;
and diseases or
injuries of the vulva,
vagina, cervix, uterus,
fallopian tubes, or
ovaries/ prostate
cancer, prostatitis,
erectile dysfunction
NERVOUS Brain, Spinal controls all of the paralysis; Parkinson’s
Cord, Nerves other systems of Disease; palsy,
the body embolisms;
thrombosis;
arteriosclerosis; polio;
myelitis; ALS;
meningitis; Multiple
Sclerosis; muscular
tics; Huntington’s
Disease; cancers of the
brain, spinal cord or
 nerves; epilepsy,
seizure disorders;
narcolepsy; migraine
headaches; peripheral
neuropathy; and
traumatic brain injury
RESPIRATORY Nasal cavity/ supplies the body allergies; rhinitis and
pharynx/ larynx/ with oxygen for sinusitis; laryngitis;
trachea/ cellular COPD; pleurisy;
bronchus/ lungs/ respiration by bronchitis;
collecting oxygen emphysema; asthma;
in the lungs and sarcoidosis; fibrosis;
disposes of asbestosis; pulmonary
carbon dioxide by vascular diseases;
breathing out the fungal or bacterial
waste product infections of the lungs;
sleep apnea;
tuberculosis
IMMUNE white blood cells, made up of allergic diseases,
antibodies, special organs, immunodeficiencies
complement cells and and autoimmune
system, chemicals that disorders
lymphatic fight infection
system, (microbes)
spleen,
bone marrow,
thymus
INTEGUMENTARY Skin/ nails/ hair/ barrier to acne, and chloracne;
physical, dermatitis/eczema;
chemical, and hives; lupus
biological agents