WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTITS AND ARTISANS WHAT IS THE

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTISTS AND ARTISANS

I. ARTISTS AND ARTISANS

a. Artists
 Dedicate only to the creative side. visually pleasing work only for the enjoyment
and appreciation. No functional value.

b. Artisans
 Manual worker who makes items with his or her hands. Create things with great beauty
as well as being functional. Before industrial revolution everything was basically made
by artisans. smiths (goldsmiths, blacksmiths, locksmiths, gunsmiths) weavers,
carpenters, potters.

c. Manager
 advise, represents or handles the business affairs of artists.

d. Curator
 person who selects artwork and often interprets art. Arranges for the setting and
provides information for artists regarding shipping or documentations needed and
responsible for writing labels, catalog essays and other supporting content for an
exhibition as well, must have an academic degree in art and art history.

e. Dealer
 buys art at the right time with the right price and sells it at the right time with the right
price, but not necessarily deal with artists on a personal level.

f. Collector
 Person who loves certain pieces of art/paintings and collect art not necessary to sell
later but the chance is there. “Art lover”
 II. PRODUCTION PROCESS

1. Pre-production
 The artist always begins with an idea that he wants to express or communicate with
his audience. It may not be necessarily fully formulated. Explore exposure, research,
and other approaches to gather idea before actually making the artwork.

2. Production
 Gathering and sourcing the materials needed for the creation of the artwork.

3. Postproduction
 Process where decision is drawn as to how an artwork will be circulated not only in
the world of art, but also in the many publics

III. MEDIUM & TECHNIQUES APPROACH MEDIUM

 The word medium, which comes from the Latin

word medium, denotes the means by which an artist communicates his idea.
 It is the stuff out of which he creates a work of art.
 These are the materials which the artist uses to translate his feelings or thought into a
beautiful reality.
 This may be pigment in painting, stone, wood brick, concrete and various building materials in
architecture, steel, marble, bronze, and wood in sculpture, sound in music and words in
literature.

A. VISUAL
 The visual or spaces are those whose mediums can be seen, and which occupy
space.
These are grouped into two classes.

1. dimensional or two-dimensional arts

 include painting, drawing printmaking, and photography.
2. Three dimensional
 The community planning, industrial design and the crafts like ceramics and
furniture making
Mediums:

a. Watercolor
  As a medium is difficult to handle because it is difficult to produce warm and rich
tones. While changes may be made once the paint has been applied such changes
normally tend to make the color less luminous.
 This defect however are rendered by watercolor artists through some techniques

b. Fresco
 This is the painting on a moist plaster surface with colors ground in water or a
limewater mixture.
 The colors dry into plaster, and the picture becomes a part of the wall.

 Fresco must be done quickly because it is an exacting medium.

c. Tempra
 Paints that are mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk or egg white and ore.
 They are often used as a binder due to its film forming properties and rapid drying
rate.

d. Pastel
 This is a stick of dried paste mage of pigments ground with chalk and compounded
with gum water.
 Its colors are luminous, and it is a very flexible medium. Some artists use a fixing
medium or a protecting surface such a glass, but when the chalk rubs, the picture
loses some of its brilliance.

e. Encaustic
 This is one of the early mediums used by the Egyptians for the painted portrait on
mummy cases.
 This is done by painting with wax colors fixed with heat.
 Painting with wax produces luster and radiance in the subject making them appear at
their best in portraits.

f. Oil
 Painting is one of the most expensive art activities today because of the prohibitive
cost of materials.
 In oil painting, pigments are mixed with linseed oil and applied to the canvas.
 One good quality of oil paint as a medium is its flexibility.
 The artist may use brush, palette knife or even his bare hands when applying paint in
his canvass.
 In some cases we do not even notice the artist’s strokes because the paint is applied
very smoothly.
 One distinctive characteristic of oil paints, compared with other mediums, is that they
dry slowly and the painting may be changed and worked over a long period of time.
  Painting done in oil is glossy and lasts long.

g.Acrylic
 This medium is used popularly by contemporary painters because of the transparency
and quick drying characteristics of water color and the flexibility of oil combined.
 This synthetic paint is mixed with acrylic emulsion as binder for coating the surface of
the artwork. Acrylic paints do not tend to break easily, unlike oil
paints which turn yellowish or darker over a long of period of time.

h. Charcoal
 These are carbonaceous materials obtained by heating wood or other organic
substances in the absence of air.
 Charcoal is used in representing broad masses of light and shadow. Like drawing
pencil, soft charcoal produces the darkest value, while the darkest produces the
lightness tone.

i. Crayons
 These are pigments bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks used for
drawing especially among children in the elementary grade.
 They adhere better on paper surface.

j. Bistre
 It is a brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood, and often used in pen and
wash drawings.

k.Mosaic
 Art is a picture or decoration made of small pieces of inlaid colored stones or glass
called “tesserae” which most often are cut in into squares glued on a surface with
plaster or cement.
 Mosaic is usually classified as painting.
 Although the medium used is not strictly pigment.
 Mosaic art is an important feature of Byzantine churches. A prominent religious
artwork in Manila done in mosaic is found in the altar of Sta. Cruz Church showing a
wounded white lamb, symbolizing Christ, with a stream that flows down directly to
the tabernacle

l. Stained Glass
 As an artwork is common in Gothic Cathedrals and churches.
 This is made by combining many small pieces of colored glass which are held
together by bands of lead.
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m. Tapestry
 This is a fabric consisting of a warp upon which colored threads are woven by hand to
produce a design, often pictorial and for wall hangings and furniture covering. During
the middle Ages, they were hung on the walls of palaces and in Cathedrals on festive
occasions to provide warmth.

n. Drawing
 It is usually done on paper, using pencil pen and ink, or charcoal.
 It is the most fundamental of all skills necessary in the arts.
 Drawing can be done with different kinds of mediums and the most common is pencil
which comes in different degrees of hardness or softness, with the pencil lead
(graphite) depending on the kind of drawing the artists will undertake.
 For line work, hard pencil lead is applied. Ink, one of the oldest mediums still in use,
offers a great variety of qualities, depending on the tools and techniques used in
applying the ink on the surface

o. Silverpoint
 In this medium, the artist has technique of drawing with a silver stylus on specially
prepared paper to produce a thin grayish line that was popular during the Renaissance
period

p. Printmaking
 A print is anything printed on a surface that is a direct result from a duplicating
process. Ordinarily, the painting or graphic image, is done in black ink on white paper
and becomes the artist’s plate.
Five Major Types of Prints

1. Woodcut
 As the name implies, this is made from a piece of wood.
 The design stands as a relief, the remaining surface of the block being cut away.
 A woodblock prints just as do the letters of a typewriter. The lines of the design are
wood, so they are very fine.
 Woodcuts can be identified because of their firm, clear and black lines.
2. Engraving
 This is the art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion by acids.
 In engraving, the lines of the designs are cut into a metal plate with ink and transferred
from the plate to the paper.
 The lines of an engraving are cut by hand with an instrument called burin, a steel tool
with an oblique point and rounded handle for carving stone and engraving metal.
3. Intaglio
  Is a printing process in which the design or the text is engraved into the surface of the
place and the ink is transferred to paper from the groover.
 The design is engraved or etched into a metal plate.

4. Stencil Printing
 Is a very common art activity done by high school students these days as a part of
their practical arts courses.
 It is a process which involves the cutting of the design on special paper cardboard or
metal sheet in such a way that when ink is rubbed over it, the design is reproduced on
the surface.
5. Relief
 Involves the cutting away from a block of wood or linoleum the parts of the design
that the artist wants to be seen.
 Leaving the portion of a design to stand out wants to be seen, leaving the portion of a
design to stand out on a block or on the linoleum.
 The apparent projection of parts of the design gives the appearance of the third
dimension.
 Color prints are made by preparing a separate block for each color to be used.
 It is important that only the parts to be printed with precision are on the proper area

Mediums for Sculpture

There are a number of materials available for a sculpture to work with according to the artists interest
in the subject- stone, marble, jade, and granite, to name a few.
Each of them presents an interesting motivation to challenge the sculptor’s creativity
1. Stone- is the hard substance formed from mineral and earth material. The finish is granular
and dull in appearance. These are normally used for gravestones in cemeteries.
2. Granite- is a granular igneous rock composed of feldopars and quartz, usually combined with
other minerals and is quite difficult to chisel. This is good for large works with only a few
designs.

3. Marble- is limestone in a more or less crystalline state and is capable of taking a high polish,
occurring in many varieties. It is easier to carve than granite
4. Jade- is a fine, colorful stone usually green, and used widely in Ancient China. It is highly
esteemed as an ornamental stone for carving and fashioning jewelry.
5. Ivory- which comes from the main parts of the tasks of elephants is the hard white substance
use to make carvings and billiards balls.
6. Metals- include any of a class of elementary substances as gold, silver or copper all of which
are characterized by capacity, ductility, conductivity and peculiar luster when freshly
fractured.
7. Bronze is another by product of metal consisting of copper and tin with color and is one of the
most universally popular metals for sculpture. Bronze as a material is strong, durable and
resistant to any atmospheric corrosion.
8. Brass -an alloy of copper and zinc is not popularly used by artists because of its limitations as a
medium. Although it has many practical uses, brass does not rust and it takes a brilliant polish.
 9. Copper – which has a peculiar brilliance, is used as a costing medium. This is basically shaped by
hammering. It can into relief forms.
10. Gold and Silver- are used as casting materials for small objects like medals, coins and pieces
of jewelry.
11. Lead- a bluish gray metal is used for casting and forging. With the help of a welding torch iron,
it can be worked into a variety of unique and exciting forms.
12. Plaster – is a composition of lime, sand and water. Plaster is worked on an armature of metal
wires and rods in addition to various materials and fibers. This is applied on walls and ceilings
and allowed to harden and dry. The medium is used extensively for making manikins, models,
molds, architectural decorations and other indoor sculpture.
13. Clay- is a natural earthy material that has the nature of plasticity when wet, consisting
essentially of hydrated silicates of aluminum used for making bricks and ceramics.
14. Glass- is a medium that is hard, brittle, noncrystalline, more or less transparent substances
produced by fusion, usually consisting of mutually dissolved silica and silicates and contains
soda and lime.
15. Wood- as a medium is perhaps easier to carve than any other mediums available because it
can be intricately carved and subjected into a variety of treatment not possible with
stone.

B. AUDITORY
 Auditory- or time arts are those mediums that can be heard and which are
expressed in time.
 These are music and literature.
 The combined arts are those whose mediums can be both seen and heard, and
these exist in both space and time.

Mediums for Music

The medium of music is the sound. The medium of music is the sound produced by man
and the human voice and by most musical instruments.

i. Stringed Instruments
a. The violin is the smallest of the stringed instruments and has the highest pitch.
b. The cello is much larger than the violin and has longer, thicker and heavier strings.
c. The viola and violin are played by tucking the instrument under the chin of the
musicians when they are playing.
d. The cello is bigger than the violin and the viola it rests on the floor when it is played.
The large protruding pin at its base holds it firmly on the floor
e. The double bass is the longest of the string instruments and has the lowest pitch. The
distinguishing feature of the string instruments is that the smaller the size, the higher
is its pitch and the larger it is lower is its pitch.
f. The Harps one of the oldest string instruments consisting of a triangular frame
formed by a sound box, a pillar and curved neck, and having strings that are
stretched between the sound box and the neck are plucked with fingers.
 g. The guitar is a stringed musical instrument with a long fretted neck a flat somewhat
violin-like body and has six strings which are plucked

ii. Woodwinds

The wind instruments consist of tubes usually made of wood which have holes on the sides.
When one or another of these holes is opened or closed, air inside the tube is changed, thus
producing tones of varied pitches.
a. The Flute is a musical wind instrument consisting of a tube with a series of

finger holes or keys in which the wind is directed against a sharp edge.
The flute produces a melodious sound, and so it often plays solo parts in orchestral
compositions in a concert
b. The Clarinet is a woodwind instrument in the form of a cylindrical tube with a single
reed attached to its mouthpiece. It has a wide range and usually plays the alto part
when the flute plays the melody.
c. The Piccolo is a small flute, sounding an octave higher than the ordinary flute.
d. The oboe is a wood wind instrument having a slender conical body and a double reed
mouthpiece. The tone of the oboe is nasal.
e. The Bassoon is a larger woodwind instrument of low range with a doubled tube and a curved
metal crook to which a double reed is attached.
f. The Saxophone is a musical wind instrument consisting of a conical, usually brass tube with
keys or valves and mouthpiece with one reed. This musical instrument is not a regular
member of the orchestra

iii. Brass Instruments

a. The trumpet is a brass instrument with a powerful, penetrating tone, consisting of a
tube commonly curved once or twice around on it and having a cup shaped mouthpiece
at one end and bell at the other. Because of its piercing tone when played, it is
associated with martial pomp.
b. The horn is a wind instrument originally formed from the hollow horn of an animal but
now usually made of brass or other metals
c. The trombone is a musical wind instrument consisting of a cylindrical metal tube
expanding into a bell and bent twice in U shape, usually equipped with a slide
d. The tuba is the bass of the brass choir. It is also a valued brass wind instrument having a
low range.

iv. Percussion Instruments

a. The chimes is a musical instrument consisting of a set of slabs of metals which
produce musical tones when struck.
 b. The glockenspiel is a musical instrument composed of a set of graduated steel
bars mounted in a
frame and struck with hammers and used especially in bands.
c. The cymbal is a concave plate of brass or bronze that produces a sharp, ringing sound when
struck played either in pairs, by being struck together or simply by being struck by a
drumstick.
d. The xylophone is a musical instrument consisting of a graduated series of wooden bars,
usually sounded by striking with small wooden bars usually sounded by striking with small
wooden hammers.
e. The Kettledrum is a drum consisting of a hallow hemisphere of brass or copper over which is
stretched a skin
f. The percussion instruments can produce tones of different and definite pitches.