Grade 11 IBDP

Mathematics Analysis and Approaches Higher Level

Unit-12: Differential Calculus Part-1
Resource: Pearson & Oxford Text Book

Limits of Functions
Investigation:

1
2
Exercise
Using your GDC:
#$ %&
a) Sketch the graph of ! = '
,(≠0

#$ %& #$ %&
b) find lim0 '
and lim1 '
numerically giving your answer to 1 decimal place.
'→/ '→/

Exercise
2( + 1, ( > 1
a) Use your GDC to plot a graph of the function 2 (( ) = 5
2( − 2, ( < 1

b) Find lim0 2(() and lim1 2(().

'→& '→&

Example12.1
Find each limit using your GDC to analyse the behavior of the function.
=>?' @A='%&
a) lim ' b) lim '
'→/ '→/

3
Exercise
Find the limit of each function, if it exists.
' C %D ( − 3, ( < 2
a) lim b) lim 5
'→%B 'EB '→B ( + 1, ( > 2

C
c) lim H(( − 6)J K
'→G

4
 Limits and Infinity

Example12.2
&
Find lim C , if it exists.
'→/ '

Example12.3
Evaluate each limit algebraically.
M'%#
a) lim ' b) lim(3( B − 4O( + OB )
'→L '→/

Q('EP)C%GR%(' C%G) #' C %M'%&

c) lim d) lim
P→/ P '→L B' CE&

5
Homework: Exercise 12.1 Questions 1-3-7-9-10

6
 Limits and Continuity

Exercise
a) Use your GDC to plot the graph of:
−2(, −1 < ( < 1
2 (( ) = 5
2 , TUℎWXYZ[W

b) Find the limits, if they exist, as x approaches −1, 0 and 1.

c) Determine whether f is continuous at ( = −1, ( = 0 and ( = 1.

7
Exercise

( # − 3( B + 5( − 3
2 (( ) = \ ,( ≠ 1
(−1
^ , ( = 1

Determine the value of k such that f(x) is continuous at x=1.

Exercise
Find the required limit, if it exists.
' `%a b C ' C%cC
a) lim J b) lim
'→ √# ' %# b'%c
J '→b

Exercise
Find lim 2((), if it exists.
'→/
%B' C M' C%B
a) 2 (( ) = ' C%& b) 2 (( ) = B'E#

Limits of sequences

Exercise
Determine whether each sequence is convergent or divergent.
If a sequence is convergent, give the limit of the sequence.
& & & &
a) 1, −1,1, −1, … b) &/ , &// , &/// , &//// , …

c) 2, 4, 6, 8, … d) 2.39 , 2.399 , 2.3999 , …

8
Exercise
? J ED?
Find lim . Confirm your answer graphically.
?→L B? J %&

Exercise
Bi E#i
Determine whether ∑L
?j/ i converges.
M

9
The derivative of a function: Definition and Basic Rules
Tangent lines and the slope(gradient) of a curve

10
11
12
Example12.5
Find a rule for the slopes of the tangent lines to the graph of 2 (( ) = ( B + 1. Use this
rule to find the exact slope of the curve at the point where ( = 0, and at the point
where ( = 1.

13
 Differentiating from first principles

Example12.6
Differentiating from first principles, find the derivative of 2 (( ) = ( # .

14
Example12.7
From first principles, find:
a) ! k given ! = 3( B + 2(

lm &
b) l' given ! = '

Continuity and differentiability

15
16
Basic Differentiation Rules

17
Proof:

18
Proof:

Exercise
Differentiate the following functions using the rules:
a) ! = 3( M + 2( #

n
&
b) ! = M ( J

&
c) ! =
√'

B #
d) ! = J −
√' o' n

B' nE#' J %&

e) ! = 'C

19
Example12.8
For each function: (i) find the derivative using the basic differentiation rules;
(ii) find the slope of the graph of the function at the indicated points; and
(iii) use your GDC to confirm your answer for (ii).
a) 2 (( ) = 3√( − 6 at the points (4,0) and (9,3)

'p #' J &M' #

b) 2 (( ) = D
− B
− 2( B + B
+ D at the points (5,243) and (0,0).

Example12.9
The curve ! = q( # + 7( B − 8( − 5 has a turning point at the point where ( = −2.
Determine the value of q.

20
Example12.10
Boiling water is poured into a cup. The temperature of the water in degrees Celsius,
&tB
C, after U minutes is given by s = 19 + J , for U ≥ 1 minute.
uC
a) Find the average rate of change of the temperature from U = 2 to U = 6.

b) Find the rate of change of the temperature at the instant when U = 4.

Homework: Exercise 12.2 Questions 1c-1d-4-9-15b

21
22
23
 Derivatives of composite functions, products and quotients

Example 13.1
The polynomial function y = 16x 4 − 8x 2 +1= (4x 2 −1)2 is the composite of y = u2 and
dy
u = 4x −1. Use the chain rule to find , the derivative of y with respect
2

dx
to x.

24
Note:

25
Example 13.2
Differentiate each function by applying the chain rule.

(a) y = (2x + 5)6 (b) y = 3x 2 + 5x







1
(c) y = 2 (d) y = 3 (7 − 5x)2
3x + x











Example 13.3
Find the derivative of the function y = (2x + 3)3
(a) by expanding the binomial and differentiating term by term
(b) by the chain rule.

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Note:

Example 13.4
Find the derivative of the function y = (x 2 + 3x)(2x −1)
(a) by expanding the binomial and differentiating term by term
(b) by the product rule
















Example
dy
Given y = x 2 x +1 , find .
dx

28


Example 13.7
For each function, find its derivative.
5x −1
(a) g(x) =
3x 2






1
(b) h(x) =
2x − 3






3x − 2
(c) f (x) =
2x − 5

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Example 13.8
1 dn y
Given y = , find a formula for the nth derivative n .
x dx

30
 Exercise 13.1 Question 7
x 2 − 3x + 4
Consider the function f (x) =
(x +1)2
5x −11
(a) Show that f '(x) =
(x +1)3
−10x + 38
(b) Show that f ''(x) =
(x +1)4





































**HW: Exercise 13.1 Question 1, e, g, k, l, Question 2 d, Question 4b, Question 9,
Question 10, Question 12

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32


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 Grade 11 IBDP
Mathematics Analysis and Approaches Higher Level
Unit-12: Differential Calculus Part-2
Resource: Pearson & Oxford Text Book

Tangents and Normals

Finding equations of tangents

Given the equation of a curve ! = #(%), the equation of the tangent at a specified point
(%' , !' ) is given by:

Equation of tangent ! − !' = # * (%' ) ∙ (% − %' )

Example12.20
' ' 0
Find the equation of the tangent to # (%) = % + - at the point (. , .)

Example12.21
Consider the function 1(% ) = % . (% − 1)
a) Find the two points on the graph of 1 at which the slope of the curve is 8.

b) Find the equations of the tangents to the curve at both of these points.

1
Exercise
Find any points on the curve ! = % 3 − 3% that has horizontal tangents, that is tangent
which is parallel to the x-axis.

The normal to a curve at a point

Given the equation of a curve ! = #(%), the equation of the normal at a specified point
(%' , !' ) is given by:
'
Equation of tangent ! − !' = − 56 (- ) ∙ (% − %' )
7

Example12.22
Find the equation of the normal to the graph of ! = 2% . − 6% + 3 at the point (1, −1)

2
Example12.23
'
Consider the parabola with the equation ! = : % . .
a) Find the equations of the normals at the points (−2,1) and (−4,4).

b) Show that the point of intersection of these two normals lies on the parabola.

Homework: Exercise 12.4 Questions 3-4-7-8-9-11-17

3
4
 Maxima and Minima: First and Second Derivatives
The relationship between a function and ist derivative

5
Example12.12
Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola with the
equation ! = % . − 8% + 14

6
Example12.13
Consider the function #(% ) = 2% 3 + 3% . − 12% − 4, % = ℝ.
a) Find the coordinates of any stationary points of #.

b) Using the derivative of #, classify any stationary points as a maximum, a minimum,

or neither.

7
The first derivative test

8
Example12.14
For the function #(% ) = % : − 2% 3 , find the coordinates of all stationary points and
describe them completely.

Exercise
If # (% ) = 1 − 4% . + 2% : ;
a) find any turning points

b) determine the nature of the points and justify your answers.

c) state the intervals in which the function increases/decreases.

d) confirm your answers graphically, and state whether the points found in part a are
local or global exrema.

9
Example12.15
Apply the first derivative test to find any extreme values for
#(% ) = 4% 3 − 9% . − 120% + 25.

Example12.16
A toy rocket is launched upwards into the air. Its vertical position, B metres, above the
ground at C seconds is given by B(C) = −5C . + 18C + 1
a) Find the average velocity over the time interval from C = 1 second to C = 2
seconds.

b) Find the instantaneous velocity at C = 1 second.

c) Find the maximum height reached by the rocket and the time at which this occurs.

10
A function and its second derivative

11
Example12.17
An object moves along a straight line so that after C seconds its displacement from
the origin is B metres. Given that B(C) = −2C 3 + 6C . , find:
a) expressions for (i) velocity and (ii) acceleration at time C seconds.

b) the (i) initial velocity and (ii) initial acceleration of the object
(when C = 0)

c) the (i) maximum displacement and (ii) maximum velocity for the
interval 0 ≤ C ≤ 3

12
13
Example12.18
Determine the intervals on which the graph of ! = % : − 4% 3 is concave up or concave
down and identify any inflection points.

The second derivative test

14
Example12.19
Find any relative extrema for # (% ) = 3% 0 − 25% 3 + 60% + 20

Exercise
-E0
Find any turning points of ! = - , % ≠ 0 and state the interval(s) where y is
increasing/decreasing. Sketch the graph.

15
Exercise
#(% ) = 2% 3 + % :
a) find all turning points and points of inflection; determine their nature and justify
your answers.

b) find the intervals where the function is (i) concave up (ii) concave down

c) sketch the function, indicating any maxima, minima and points of inflection.

16
 Sketching derivative function

Exercise
Given the graph of the function ! = #(%), sketch on the same diagram the derivative
of #, # * (%).

a)

b)

17
c)

d)

18
Exercise
Match the function graphs (f) with the graphs of their derivatives.

19
Exercise
Each of the following represents a graph of a function’s derivative. Sketch a possible
graph for the original function, indicating any stationary points.

20
Exercise
Here is the graph of ! = # * (%) for a function of #.

From the graph, indicate:

a) the x-coordinate of any points where f has turning points, and determine the nature
of these points

b) the intervals where f is (i) increasing (ii) decreasing

c) the x-coordinate of the points of inflection of f

d) the intervals where f is (i) concave up (ii) concave down

e) sketch a possible graph of f using your answers to parts a,b, and c.

21
Exercise
-E: .
Sketch the graph of ! = G I . Plot all extrema, points of inflection, and asymptotes.
-H3

22
Homework: Exercise 12.3 Questions 2c-4-7-8-11-12

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24
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26


11HL AA

Worksheet_Kinematics
KEZ

Example 2

Example 3

 Grade 11 IBDP
Mathematics Analysis and Approaches Higher Level
Unit-13: Differential Calculus – Part 3
Resource: Pearson & Oxford Text Book


Implicit Differentiation

1
Example:
dy
Consider the equation x 2 + y 2 + 3y = 1 and find by implicit differentiation.
dx





























Example:
dy
Consider the equation x 3 + y 3 − 9xy = 0 and find by implicit differentiation.
dx

2

Example 13.14
Consider the equation for the unit circle, x 2 + y 2 = 1 , which is a relation, not a function.
dy
(a) Solve for y and write all equations that express y as a function of x . Find for
dx
each of these functions.
dy
(b) Find by implicit differentiation.
dx
⎛ 1 3⎞
(c) Find the equation of the tangent to the unit circle at the point ⎜ − , ⎟ .
⎝ 2 2 ⎠




















Example 13.15
(a) Find the points on the graph of x 2 + 4xy +13y 2 = 9 at which the tangent is
horizontal.
(b) Determine whether each point is a maximum, minimum, or neither.













**HW: Exercise 13.3; Question1 - e ,f, l , Question 2 – b, c , Question 4

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Derivatives of trigonometric functions

Example:
a. Find the derivative of f (x) = sin x from first principles.










b. Find the derivative of f (x) = tan x by using the quotient rule.

4
Derivative of trigonometric functions

Function Derivative

dy
y = sin x = cos x
dx

y = cos x dy
= − sin x
dx
dy
= sec 2 x
y = tan x dx
= 1+ tan 2 x

dy
= −cosec 2 x
y = cot x dx
= −1− cot 2 x

y = sec x dy
= secx ⋅ tan x
dx

y = cosec x dy
= −cosecx ⋅cot x
dx




Example 13.9
Find the derivative of each function.

(a) y = sin(2x) (b) y = cos( x )






x3
(c) y = (d) y = x 2 tan(3x)
sin x






(e) y = sin x ⋅cos x (f) y = cos(x 2 + 4x)

5
Example

Find the derivative of each function.

(a) y = sin 2 (x) (b) y = cos 2 (3x + 5)










(c) y = sin x 2 (d) y = sin 3( 5x −1)








(e) y = sec 2 (3x)










tan x
(f) y = (g) y = sin(cos(tan x))
2 − x

6

2
(h) y = (i) y = (1+ tan 2 x)⋅(1− sin 2 x)
tan3x














Practice Questions
1) Differentiate with respect to x.

a) y = sin 2x b) y = cos(x 3 −1)

1− 5x
c) y = tan( ) d) y = csc(x 4 + 3x 2 −1)
2

e) y = sin3 x f ) y = cos2 5x

7
 π
g) y = 6cos(−2x) h) y = cot(x − )
3

i) y = sec 4x +1

Example
⎛ 5π 5π ⎞
Find the gradient of the curve y = 3x cos2x at the point ⎜ , .
⎝ 6 4 ⎟⎠













Example
Find the gradient of the curve y + y 2 = sin2x at the point P(0,−1) .

8
Example 13.6
π
Find an equation of the tangent to the curve y = sin x cos(2x) at the point where x = .
6









Example
Find the area of the triangle enclosed by the tangent and normal to the curve
y = 2sin(3x + π)+ 2 at x = 1 and the y-axis.











Example
x cos x
The curve C is given by the equation y = , x ≥0
x + cos x

dy
a) Find y = dx

π
b) Find the equations of the tangent and normal at x = .
2

9
 Example
Describe any emerging patterns when successively differentiating f (x) = sin3x.















Example 13.9
The motion of a particle moving along a straight line in the interval 0 < t <12 (t in
⎛t⎞ ⎛t⎞
seconds) is given by the function s(t ) = sin ⎜ ⎟ − cos ⎜ ⎟ +1 where s is the
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

particle’s displacement in centimeters from the origin O. The particle’s
displacement is negative when it is to the left of O, and positive when it’s to the
right of O.

(a) Find the exact time and displacement when the particle is (i) furthest to
the right and (ii) furthest to the left during the interval 0 < t <12 .
(b) Find the particle’s exact maximum velocity to the right and at what exact
time it occurs.

















**HW: Exercise 13.2 Question 1d, j, Question 2 c, Question 5b, Question 9,
Question 13

10


11
Example:
Find the derivative of f (x) = e x using first principles.











Example:
Find the derivative of f (x) = ln x using implicit differentiation.










Example
Differentiate the following functions with respect to x.
a) f (x) = ln x 2 b) f (x) = (ln x)2

c) y = e− x d) y = ln(x 2 − 4x)

e) y = 5ln x

f ) y = x 3 − 4x + sin x + e−2 x

12
Example 13.11

Differentiate each function.
(a) y = e 2 x+ln x






(b) y = x 2 + e 4 x






e x − e− x
(c) y = x − x
e +e





Example 13.12
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 2 x at the point where x = 3 . Express
the equation of the line exactly in the form y = mx + c .










Example 13.13
Find the coordinates of the point P lying on the graph of y = 5x such that the tangent to
the curve at P passes through the origin.

13

Example 13.16
1+ x
(a) Given g(x) = , find g'(x).
1− x
⎛ 1+ x ⎞
(b) Hence, find
f '(x) for f (x) = ln ⎜⎝ 1− x ⎟⎠ .

(c) Show that f (x):

(i) is an odd function
(ii) has no stationary points
(iii) has one point of inflection, and give its coordinates.



















Example 13.17
Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of y = log10 (x ) at the point when x = 4 .
3

Express the equation exactly with any logarithms being expressed as natural logarithms.










Example:
Differentiate e = x with respect to x and find an equation of the normal line which
sin y 3

passes through x-intercept. Give your answer in the form ax + by = c .

14
 Example:
Given that f (x) = x 2 ⋅e x
a. Show that f (x) has two turning points and two points of inflection.
b. Locate and identify the nature of the turning points.
c. Give the x – coordinates of the points of inflection.
d. Give the equations of any asymptotes of the graph.
e. Sketch the function f (x) = x 2 ⋅e x .
f. Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x=1.
g. Find the area of the triangle formed by this tangent and the x- and y – axes.






































HW: Exercise 13.2 Question 1a, i, k , Question 7, Question 12
Exercise 13.3 Question 1 i, Question 9 c, d, g, j

15


16
Derivative of inverse trigonometric functions

Function Derivative

dy 1
y = arcsin x =
dx 1− x 2
dy 1
y = arccos x =−
dx 1− x 2

y = arctan x dy 1
=
dx 1+ x 2

⎛ x⎞ dy 1
y = arcsin ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ a⎠ dx a2 − x 2
⎛ x⎞ dy 1
y = arccos ⎜ ⎟ =−
⎝ a⎠ dx a2 − x 2
⎛ x⎞ dy a
y = arctan ⎜ ⎟ = 2
⎝ a⎠ dx a + x 2

Example
Find the derivative of each equation.

(a) y = arcsin3x (b) y = arctan(2x + 1)

⎛ 3x ⎞ ⎛ x⎞
c) y = arccos ⎜ ⎟ d) y = arctan ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

e) y = arctan x

17

Example 13.18
Find the derivative of each equation.

(a) y = cos −1(e 2 x )






1
(b) y = x arcsin2x + 1− 4x 2
2






(c) y = arctan(4x +1)⋅23x










Example 13.19


A painting that is 175 cm from top to bottom is hanging on the
wall of a gallery such that its base is 225 cm above the eye level
of an observer. How far from the wall should the observer stand
so that the angle subtended at his eye by the painting is a
maximum?

18
Example
The curve C is given by the equation y = (4x 2 +1)arctan2x .

dy
a. Find .
dx

b. Hence, find the equation of the tangent at x=0.5

Example
d ⎛ ⎛ 2x ⎞ ⎞
Show that the identity
dx ⎜⎝
2arctan x − arcsin ⎜⎝ x 2 + 1⎟⎠ ⎟⎠ = 0 is valid when x ∈( −1,1)
and explain why.


















**HW: Exercise 13.3 - Question 1k, Question 14 b, c , Question 15, Question 16, Question
17, Question 20

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24
 Grade 11_IBDP
Mathematics Analysis and Approaches Higher Level
Chapter 13 – Differential Calculus 2
Resource: Mathematics AA Higher Level Pearson

Example 13.20
A stone is thrown into a pond causing ripples in the form of concentric circles that move away
from the point of impact at a rate of 20 cm s 1 .

(a) When a circular ripple has a radius of 50 cm, find:

(i) the rate of change of the circle’s circumference

(ii) the rate of change of the circle’s area

(b) Repeat part (a) when the radius is 100 cm.

1
Question
A ladder of length 10m is leaning against a wall. It starts to slip down the wall at a rate of
0.5 m s 1 . How fast is the angle between the ladder and the ground changing when the
vertical height of the ladder is 8 m?

Example 13.21
A 4 – metre ladder stands upright against a vertical wall. The foot of the ladder is pulled away
from the wall at a constant rate of 0.75 m s 1 . Find how fast the top of the ladder is coming
down the wall at the instant it is:
(a) 3 metres above the ground.

(b) 1 metre above the ground. Give answers to 3 significant figures.

2
Example 13.22
In Example 13.21, how fast is the angle between the ladder and the ground changing when
y 2m ?

Example 13.23
Consider a conical tank as shown in the diagram. Its radius at the top is 4 metres and its height
is 8 metres. The tank is being filled with water at a rate of 2 m3 min 1 . How fast is the water
level rising when it is 5 metres deep?

3
Example 13.24

At 12 noon, ship A is 65 km due north of ship B. Ship A sails south at a rate of 14 km h 1

and ship B sails west at a rate of 16 km h 1 .

1
(a) How fast are the two ships approaching each other 1 hours later at 1:30 p.m.?
2

(b) At what time do the two ships stop approaching and begin moving away from each
other?

Question:
A Professional cameraman on a safari is at a spot 30 metres from a tree, folllowing birds that
are moving at a speed of 95 km h 1 . The birds are moving perpendicularly to the line joining
the tree and the spot. How fast does he need to turn the camera when filming a bird:
(a) that is directly in font of the camera?
(b) One second later?

4
Question: A rocket is rising vertically at a speed of 300 m s–1 when it is 800 m directly
above the launch site. Calculate the rate of change of the distance between the rocket and an
observer, who is 600 m from the launch site and on the same horizontal level as the launch
site.

diagram not to scale

5
Question: A lighthouse L is located offshore, 500 metres from the nearest point P on a
long straight shoreline. The narrow beam of light from the lighthouse rotates at a
constant rate of 8π radians per minute, producing an illuminated spot S that moves
along the shoreline. You may assume that the height of the lighthouse can be
ignored and that the beam of light lies in the horizontal plane defined by sea level.

When S is 2000 metres from P,

(a) show that the speed of S, correct to three significant figures, is 214 000
metres per minute;

(b) find the acceleration of S.

6
Question:A helicopter H is moving vertically upwards with a speed of 10 m s–1. The
helicopter is h m directly above the point Q, which is situated on level ground.
The helicopter is observed from the point P, which is also at ground level, and PQ
= 40 m.
This information is represented in the diagram below.

diagram not to scale

When h = 30,

(a) show that the rate of change of HP̂Q is 0.16 radians per second;

(b) find the rate of change of PH.

7
8
Homework questions: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16

9
Example 13.25
Find the maximum area of a rectangle inscribed in an isosceles right angled triangle whose
hypotenuse is 20 m long.

10
Example 13.26
Two vertical posts, with heights of 7 m and 13 m, are secured by a rope going from the top of
one post to a point on the ground that is between the posts and then to the top of the other post
(see diagram). The distance between the two posts is 25 m. Where should the point at which
the rope touches the ground be located so that the least amount of rope is used?

Example 13.27
A 4 – metre length of wire is to be used to form a square and a circle. How much of the wire
should be used to make square and how much should be used to make the circle in order to
enclose the greatest area?

11
Example 13.28
A pipeline needs to be constructed to link an offshore drilling rig to an onshore refinery depot.
The oil rig is located at a distance (perpendicular to the coast) of 140 km from the coast. The
depot is located inland at a perpendicular distance of 60 km from the coast. For modelling
purposes, the coastline is assumed to follow a straight line. The rate at which crude oil is
pumped through the pipeline varies according to several variables, including pipe dimensions,
materials, temperature, and so on. On average, oil flows through the offshore section of the
pipeline at a rate of 9 km h 1 and through the onshore section at a rate of 5 km h 1 . Assume
that both sections of pipeline can travel straight from one point to another. At what point
should the pipeline intersect with the coastline in order for the oil to take minimum amount of
time to flow from the rig to the depot?

12
Question: A packaging company makes boxes for chocolates. An example of a box is
shown below. This box is closed and the top and bottom of the box are identical
regular hexagons of side x cm.

diagram not to scale

3 3x 2
(a) Show that the area of each hexagon is cm2.
2

(b) Given that the volume of the box is 90 cm3, show that when x = 3 20 the
total surface area of the box is a minimum, justifying that this value gives a
minimum.

13
 2
Question: If f (x) = x – 3x 3 , x 0,

(a) find the x-coordinate of the point P where f ′ (x) = 0;

(b) determine whether P is a maximum or minimum point.

14
Question: The curve y = x2 – 5 is shown below.

A point P on the curve has x-coordinate equal to a.

(a) Show that the distance OP is a4 9a 2 25 .

(b) Find the values of a for which the curve is closest to the origin.

15
Question: André wants to get from point A located in the sea to point Y located on a
straight stretch of beach. P is the point on the beach nearest to A such that AP = 2
km and PY = 2 km. He does this by swimming in a straight line to a point Q
located on the beach and then running to Y.

When André swims he covers 1 km in 5 5 minutes. When he runs he covers 1

km in 5 minutes,

(a) If PQ = x km, 0 x ≤ 2, find an expression for the time T minutes taken by

André to reach point Y.

dT 5 5x
(b) Show that 5.
dx x2 4

16
 dT
(c) (i) Solve 0.
dx

(ii) Use the value of x found in part (c) (i) to determine the time, T
minutes, taken for André to reach point Y.

d 2T 20 5
(iii) Show that and hence show that the time found in part
dx 2 2
3
x 4 2

(c) (ii) is a minimum.

17
18
Homework: 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

19
Resources:
Wathall, J. C. & Harcet, J. & Harrison, Mathematics Analysis and Approaches.
Higher Level, Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 98701998427162

Wazir, I. & Garry, T. , Higher Level Mathematics Analysis and Approaches for
the IB Diploma, Publisher: Pearson
ISBN:9780435193423

Fannon, P. & Kadelburg, V & Woolley, B. & Ward, S. Mathematics Higher

Level for IB Diploma, Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN:9781107661738

Harcet, J. & Heinrichs, L. & Palmira M.S. & Marlene T. S, Mathematics Higher
Level, Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print
ISBN: 978-0-19-839012-1