LESSON PLAN OF WORK

Date: September 11, 2017 October 12, 2017

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grade: 10 Business and A.B.G.S.& BUS.

Topic: Introduction to Principles of Accounting

Duration: 3 hours per week

General Objectives: Students should:

1. Understand the need for Accounting in everyday life as well as in the business
environment.

2. Understand the relationship between the accounting equation and the balance
sheet.

3. Understand the basic conceptual framework of accounting.

4. Understand the double entry system of recording transactions.

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Define the term “Accounting”

2. Distinguish between Accounting and Book-keeping

3. State at least 3 purposes/uses of Accounting to an organization.

4. Identify at least 6 users of accounting information and explain the

information need of each user.

5. Identify items that are Assets and Liabilities (current and non- current)

6. Prepare Simple Balance Sheet

Method of Delivery: Discussion, dictation, demonstration, questioning, problem-solving, co-operative

learning.

Presentation: 1. Teacher will give an overview of the topic and dictate official definition
Accounting Terms as well as distinction between Accounting and Book-
keeping.

2. Teacher will engage class in discussion to cover objectives.

 3. Teacher will ask students to read text and provide definitions for key terms.

4. Teacher will give overview of basic accounting concepts and dictate notes to
students explaining these concepts.

5.Teacher will give exercises to help students to distinguish among assets,

liabilities and capital. Students will respond orally.

6. Teacher will engage class in discussion in deriving the accounting equation.

7. Teacher will assign practice exercises for students to complete in their

notebooks.

8. Teacher will demonstrate the relationship between the accounting equation and
the balance sheet. Students will copy same from the board.

9. Teacher will assign simple balance sheet questions for students to complete.

10. Teacher will discuss the concept of transactions and their effects on assets
liabilities and capital using simple transactions. Teacher will then assign
similar transactions which students will solve in pairs.

Assessment: Oral – Students will be questioned orally to ascertain their understanding of the
concepts covered.

Written – The following exercises will be assigned to give students practice as

well as to assess their understanding of the concepts being covered:
2.l, 2.4x, 3.2x, 3.6x 3.10x, 3.12x

Evaluation: All students did well.

 LESSON PLAN

Date October 19, 2017- November 23-2017

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grade: 10 GS & BUS

Topic: Manipulation of the Double Entry System Double System for:

Assets, Liabilities and Capital
 The Asset of Stock
 Expenses and Income

Duration: 3 hours per class per week

General Objectives: Students should:

1. Know how to manipulate the ledger accounts to reflect the increase in or

decrease in: Assets, Liabilities and Capital.

2. Know how to manipulate ledger to show the movement of the asset of

stock.

3. Know how to manipulate the ledger accounts to reflect increases and

decreases in income and expense accounts.

4. Understand the balancing process.

5. Understand the purpose of the Trial Balance.

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Correctly identify the four different movements of stock.

2. Correctly match accounts to the relevant movements.

3. Give the special meanings of Purchases, Sales, Returns Inwards and

Returns Outwards.

4. Give at least four reasons for the return of stock.

5. Use the double entry system to accurately record the movements of stock
given relevant transactions.

6. Correctly identify income and expense accounts.

7. Accurately state the rules for increasing and decreasing income and
expense accounts in the double entry system.
 8. Use the double entry system to correctly prepare ledger accounts for
income and expense given relevant transactions.

Instructional Materials: Text – Principles of Accounts for the Caribbean by Frank Wood
Whiteboard and whiteboard marker

Method of Delivery: Discussion, Demonstration, dictation, questioning, problem-solving, co-operative

learning.
Presentation:

1. Teacher will review contents of last plan of work by

questioning students.

2. Teacher will give students reading assignment periodically from the

different chapters in objectives, along with guide questions, in preparation
for the manipulation of ledger accounts.

3. Teacher will do oral exercises with class, reading transactions and having
students tell which accounts are to be debited and which to be credited.
Students will respond orally. Teacher will assign additional exercises for
students to practice.

4. Teacher will use exercise 5.6 to demonstrate the preparation of ledger

accounts for the asset of stock. Students will copy solution from board to
their ledgers.

5. Teacher will assign further questions for students to practice.

Expense and Income

6. Teacher will get students to imagine owning their own businesses and
making a list of some income and expenses that would arise out of their
operations. Students will share the lists they have made with the class.

7. Teacher will explain the need for separate accounts for the various income
and expenses and will assist students in determining whether income
accounts should be debited or credited using business transactions
supplied by them. Teacher will then give students rules for increasing and
decreasing income and expense accounts.

8. Teacher will use 6.3x to give students oral practice in identifying income
and expense accounts as well as correctly debiting expense accounts and
crediting income accounts.
 9. Teacher will demonstrate the preparation of ledger accounts for income
and expenses using exercise 6.5. Students will work with teacher to solve
problem and copy solutions in their ledgers.

10. Teacher will assign further questions for students to practice.

Assessment: Oral - Students will be questioned orally on an ongoing basis to ascertain their
understanding of the concepts being covered.
Observation- Teacher will constantly observe students at work to determine signs
of understanding as well as signs of frustration.

Written – Students will be given various exercises for practice and for grading:
4.8x, 5.9x (graded)

EVALUATION : 80% of the students did their home . some students seem to copy from each
other. They did not do well on the supervised tests. The students who did not
do their assignments were encouraged to do so.
 LESSON PLAN

Date: November 24, 2017- December 13, 2017

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grade: 10GS & 10 BUS

Topic: Manipulation of Balancing off Accounts and Preparing Trial

Balance Duration: 3 hours per week

General Objectives: 1. Understand the balancing process

2. Understand the purpose of the Trial Balance

Specific Objectives:

Students should be able to:

1. Correctly explain the concept of balancing in relation to ledger accounts given

relevant transactions

2. Accurately prepare and balance ledger Accounts given

relevant transactions.

3. Define Trial Balance using Accounting terminology

4. Accurately prepare and balance ledger accounts as well

as extract trial balance given relevant transactions.

Balancing

1: Teacher will question students to ascertain their prior knowledge of balancing. Students will
respond orally.

2: Teacher will demonstrate the balancing of accounts. Students will work with teacher to solve
problem and copy solution in their ledgers.

3: Students will balance previously prepared ledgers accounts to interact with the concepts.

4: Students will be assigned further questions.

Trial Balance

1: Teacher will ask students to read chapter 8 of text and answer guide questions individually, after
which will engage the class in discussion to cover objectives. Students will make notes from
white board.

2: Students will be assigned compressive questions covering preparation of various ledger accounts
to include (liabilities, assets, income and expenses) balancing and extraction of Trial Balance.
 PLAN OF WORK

Date: January 8, 2018 - February 13, 2018

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grades: 10 Business & 10 ABGS

Topic: The Final Accounts

Duration: 3 hours per week

General Objectives: Students should:

1. Appreciate the importance of the Final Accounts to assessing the

performance of an organization.

2. Understand the principles involved in the preparation of Final Accounts.

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Explain the purpose of the Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts.
( Income Statement)

2. Distinguish between the Trading and the Profit and Loss Accounts.

3. Distinguish between gross and net profits.

4. Identify the source of the information for the Final Accounts.

5. Prepare a simple Trading and Profit and Loss Account (without

adjustments) from information given in a Trial Balance, using the vertical
presentation.

6. Prepare more complex Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts from
information given in a Trial Balance, using the vertical presentation.

7. Explain the purpose of the Balance Sheet.

8. Identify the classifications in the Balance Sheet.

9. Distinguish between fixed and current assets.

10. Distinguish between current and long-term liabilities.

11. Explain the “order of permanence”.

12. Explain the “order of liquidity”.

 13. Arrange assets in the order of permanence and in the order of liquidity.

14. Explain the term “working capital”.

15. Prepare a simple classified Balance Sheet from a given Trial Balance,
using the vertical presentation.

16. Prepare a more complex classified Balance Sheet from a given Trial
Balance, using the vertical presentation.

17. Prepare Final Accounts using the horizontal presentation.

18. Convert Final Accounts from the vertical to the horizontal presentation.

Instructional Materials: Text – Principles of Accounts for the Caribbean by Frank Wood.
White board and whiteboard marker

Method of Delivery: Discussion, demonstration, dictation, questioning, problem-solving, co-operative

learning

Presentation: 1. Teacher will question students to ascertain their prior knowledge of the
topic.

2. Teacher will give overview of the topic and engage the class in discussion
to cover objectives. Teacher will also dictate notes on key concepts.
Students will provide information to use in demonstrative examples in
explaining the concepts. They will also write in their notebooks as
necessary.

3. Teacher will put a comprehensive format for the Trading and

Profit and Loss Accounts on the board, (using the vertical presentation),
discuss same with class, then use it to demonstrate the preparation of both
simple and complex Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts.

4. Teacher will again engage class in discussion to cover objectives

5. Teacher will demonstrate a simple exercise on white board. Students will

be asked questions and record solutions in their note books.

6. Teacher will engage class in discussion to cover the concept of working

capital.

7. Teacher will put comprehensive format for the Classified Balance Sheet
on the board, (using the vertical presentation), and discuss same with
class.
 8. Teacher will use the format to demonstrate the preparation of both simple
and complex classified balance sheets.

9. Teacher will give students the comprehensive formats for the Final
Accounts using the horizontal presentation.

11. Teacher will use the same example to demonstrate the preparation of the
capital account on completion of the Trading and Profit and Loss
Accounts.

12. Teacher will assign questions for students to complete in groups.

13. After sufficient problems have been solved, teacher will test students on
the topic.

Assessment: Oral - Teacher will question students orally, (both individually and
collectively), throughout the lessons to ascertain their level of understanding of
the concepts being covered.

Written – The following exercises from the text will be given

9.3x, 10.3x, 10.6x , 11.5x,11.6x(to be graded), Test from past paper question,
standardized test.

EVALUATION; Students got all home assignment correct, however when they were given supervised
assignment more than 75% failed. This is an indication that enough independent effort was not put in the work.

EVALUTION 2; Teacher employ other strategies to encourage students to work one such strategy was role
play. Teacher also reassign assignment.
 PLAN OF WORK

Date: February 19, 2018 - March 28, 2018

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grades: 10 Business & 10 ABGS

Topic: Books of Original Entry & The Division of The Ledger

Duration: 3 hours per week

General Objectives: Students should:

1. Appreciate the need for Books of Original Entry

2. Understand how the Books of Original Entry are used alongside the
Ledgers.

3. Appreciate the need for credit control

4. Understand the use of statements.

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Define the term “books of original entry”

2. List the 6 books of original entry.

3. State, in detail, what information would be recorded in each book.

4. Explain the need for books of original entry and the division of the general
ledger.

5. Identify the 3 ledgers resulting from the division of the general ledger.

6. Explain, in detail, what information would be recorded in each ledger.

7. Identify the information to be found in the “private” and “nominal”

ledgers.

8. Define the terms: personal accounts, impersonal accounts, real accounts

and nominal accounts.

9. Give at least 3 examples of each type of accounts.

10. Identify, and describe, in detail, the information to be recorded on the

following source documents: sales invoice, purchases invoice, credit note,
debit note.
 11. Prepare a sales invoice, given relevant information.

12. List the steps to be taken in recording credit sales, credit purchases, returns
inwards and returns outwards, starting with the relevant source document
in each case.

13. Distinguish between cash and trade discounts.

14. Calculate and apply trade discounts to arrive at credit sales total.

15. Explain the folio system.

16. Prepare the sales, purchases, returns inwards and returns outwards
journals, given relevant information.

17. Post items from the journals above to the relevant ledgers.

Instructional Materials: Text – Principles of Accounts for the Caribbean by Frank Wood.
Journal and Ledger leaves
White board and whiteboard markers
Past-paper questions- worksheet

Method of Delivery: Discussion, demonstration, dictation, questioning, problem-solving, co-operative

learning, quiz.

Presentation: 1. Teacher will divide class into their quiz teams and question them
to revise objectives 1-9. Students will answer questions in their teams to
accumulate points.

2 Teacher will use incorrect answers as teaching points. Students will make
note of information that will clarify original misconceptions as necessary.

3. Teacher will discuss the difference between cash and trade discounts with
class, after which students will be assigned several exercises to give then
practice in calculating and applying trade discounts.

4. Students will be asked to prepare sales invoices, from questions in the text
book. (Ex 14.4x)

5. Teacher will use simple exercises to demonstrate the use of the sales
journal and purchases journal, sales ledger, purchases ledger and general
ledger (including folio), to record credit sales and credit purchases.
Students will copy same in the relevant books.

6. Students will be assigned simple exercises to give them practice in

recording credit sales and credit purchases. Students will work in their
journals and ledgers.
 7. Teacher will review steps to be taken in recording returns inwards and
returns outwards and the relevant source documents. Students will respond
orally.

8. Teacher will use simple examples to demonstrate the use of the returns
inwards and outwards journals, and the sales, purchases and general
ledgers. Students will copy same in the relevant books.

9. Teacher will assign simple exercises to give students practice in recording

returns inwards and returns outwards. Students will work in their journals
and ledgers.

10. Teacher will assign further questions. (worksheet), for students to practice
and for grading.

Assessment Oral – Teacher will question students orally during quiz and class discussion.
Written – Students will be given the following exercises and past-paper questions
Exercises – 14.2x, 15.2x, 15.4x,16.2x,16.5x, standardized test.
Past-paper questions

EVALUATION: 75% of the students completed their work correctly, of the 75% . It is discovered that
students are writing answer from individuals and when they are given supervised work they failed or they
refrain from doing the work.

Teacher at times reassigned assignments having students redo home assignment in class and called parents
occasionally.
 PLAN OF WORK

Date: April 9, 2018 – April 20, 2018

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grades: 10 Business

Topic: The Cash Book (2 & 3 columns)

Duration: 3 hours per week

General Objectives: Students should:

1. Understand the need for the Cash Book in an organization.

2. Understand the Cash Book as a Book of Original Entry for cash and
cheque payments and receipts, as well as discounts allowed and discounts
received.

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Explain the purpose of the Cash Book.

2. Explain “contra-entry”.

3. Prepare the 2-column Cash Book.

4. Distinguish between cash and trade discounts.

5. Calculate discounts.

6. Prepare the 3-column Cash Book.

7. Post discounts to the discounts accounts in the General Ledger

Instructional Materials:
Text: Principles of Accounts for the Caribbean by Frank Wood et. al.
The Cash Book – work book
Whiteboard and whiteboard marker

Method of Delivery: Discussion, demonstration, peer teaching

Presentation: 1. Teacher will question students to ascertain their prior knowledge of the
topic. Students will respond orally.

2. Teacher will engage class in discussion to cover objectives 1 – 2. Students

will make their own notes.
 3. Teacher will demonstrate the preparation of the 2-column Cash Book using
Ex. 18.1 in text.

4. Teacher will again engage students in discussion to cover objective 4 and

demonstrate the concept. Students will participate in discussion and make
their own notes.

5. Teacher will assign question involving the concepts covered which students
will solve on the board after which they will record solution in their Cash
Book.

6. Teacher will assign further questions to students for practice.

Assessment: Oral – questioning

Written – Students will be assigned questions from the text 18.2x, 18.4x,18.8

EVALUATION : 80% of the students who did their assignments refrain from working
independently. 40% of the students understand the principles. These are the
students who spend time doing work.
 PLAN OF WORK

Date: April 23, 2018 – May 18, 2018

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grades: 10 Business & 10 ABGS

Topic: Journal and Petty Cash

Duration: 3 hours per week

General Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Why the journal as a book of original entry is used to record rare or

exceptional transactions that do not appear in the other books of original
entry.

2. Know the typical uses of the journal.

3. Appreciate the importance of using the petty cash book and a bank cash
book

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Identify the journal as an original book of entry

2. Explain the purpose of having the journal

3. Use the journal for entering a range of different transactions

4. Post items from the journal to the ledgers.

5. Appreciate why organizations use petty cash book

6. Recognize the need for a petty cash voucher

7. Understand the imprest system

8. Make entries in a petty cash book

9. Post the appropriate amounts from the petty cash book to the various
accounts in the general ledger at the end of the period

Instructional Materials: Text: Principles of Accounts for the Caribbean by Frank Wood et. al.
Whiteboard & whiteboard marker
Worksheet of past paper questions

Method of Delivery: Discussion, demonstration, dictation, questioning

Presentation: 1. Teacher will explain to students for large organizations to use petty cash

2. Teacher will engage class in discussion and dictate relevant notes.

Students will participate orally as well as take dictated notes.

3. Teacher will use simple examples to demonstrate the key concepts while
engaging the students in solving the problems. Students will copy
solutions in the note books.

4. Teacher will give additional questions for practice and for grading.

Assessment: Oral – questioning

Written – Exercises from text: 19.3x, 194x, 20.3x, 20.4xx,.

EVALUATION: 80% of the students did their home work. 50% of the students failed to take text
book to classes.
Students were encourage to take text to class. Teacher use some form of
punishment to encourage students to take their books to class. Teacher used role
play to foster learning. Most students did well on topics.
 PLAN OF WORK

Date: May 21, 2018-June 7, 2018

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grades: 10 Business & 10 ABGS

Topic: Bank Reconciliation

Duration: 3 hours per week

General Objectives: Students should:

1. Appreciate the importance of doing the Bank Reconciliation on a regular

basis.

2. Understand in impact of bank overdrafts and dishonored cheques on the

reconciliation process.

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Explain why it is necessary to prepare a bank reconciliation statement.

2. Define the term “bank reconciliation”.

3. Identify the items that could cause a difference between the bank
statement balance and the cash book balance.

4. List the steps to be taken in updating the Cash Book and preparing the
Bank Reconciliation Statement.

5. Identify the procedure for reconciling when:

a) starting with the updated cash book balance

b) starting with the bank statement balance

c) starting with an overdraft as per bank statement

d) starting with an overdraft as per cash book

e) no updating of the cash book is required.

6. Update the cash book, given the cash book and the bank statement.

7. Prepare a bank reconciliation statement given and bank statement and after
updating the cash book.
 8. Prepare bank reconciliation statements starting with:

a) cash book balance

b) bank statement balance

c) overdraft as per cash book as well as, as per bank statement.

9. Prepare updated cash book and bank reconciliation statements given

worded problems.

Instructional Materials: Text: Principles of Accounts for the Caribbean by Frank Wood et. al.
Whiteboard & whiteboard marker
Worksheet of past paper questions

Method of Delivery: Discussion, demonstration, dictation, questioning

Presentation: 1. Teacher will question students about the banking system to ascertain their
prior knowledge of the topic.

2. Teacher will engage class in discussion to cover objectives 1-5 after which
relevant notes will be dictated. Students will participate orally as well as
take dictated notes.

3. Teacher will use simple examples to demonstrate the key concepts while
engaging the students in solving the problems. Students will copy
solutions in the note books.

4. Teacher will give additional questions for practice and for grading.

Assessment: Oral – questioning

Written – Exercises from text: 22.4x, 22.6x,.

EVALUATION: About 45% of the students failed to do home work. 60% of the students failed to
take text book to classes.
Students were encourage to take text to class. Teacher use some form of
punishment to encourage students to take their books to class. Teacher used role
play to foster learning. The lesson will be revisted next term.
 PLAN OF WORK

Date: May 15, 2017 – June 2 2017

Subject: Principles of Accounts

Grades: 10 Business & 10 ABGS

Topic: Depreciation

Duration: 5 periods per week

General Objectives: Students should:

1. Understand the nature of fixed assets and the ways in which they can
depreciate.

2. Know the various methods of depreciating fixed assets.

Specific Objectives: Students should be able to:

1. Define the term “fixed assets”

2. Define the term “depreciation”

3. Explain depreciation as an expense.

4. List and explain the causes of depreciation.

5. Identify the methods of depreciation.

6. Explain the straight line and reducing balance methods of calculating

depreciation.

7. Calculate annual depreciation for a fixed asset using both straight line and
reducing balance methods.

8. Identify the double entry records necessary for recording provision for
depreciation.

9. Prepare the fixed asset and provision for depreciation accounts, as well as
P&L and Balance Sheet Extracts given relevant information.

10. Prepare the double entries necessary to record the sale of an asset.
Instructional Materials: Text: Principles of Accounts for the Caribbean by Frank Wood et. al.
Whiteboard & whiteboard marker

Method of Delivery: Discussion, demonstration, questioning, problem-solving, group work

Presentation: 1. Teacher will question students to determine their prior knowledge of the
topic. Students will respond orally.

2. Teacher will use simple example from text to demonstrate the calculation

of annual depreciation using both straight line and reducing balance

methods. Students will seek clarification as necessary and copy solution
in their note books.

3. Teacher will discuss the entries necessary for recording the sale of an asset
and use worked example in text to explain concept to students. Students
will follow in their texts and seek clarification as necessary.

4. Teacher will assign further questions for students to solve, working with
their partners as well as individually. Answers will be discussed in class.

Assessment: Oral – questioning Written – Exercises 23.4x, 23.7x (graded), 24.3x,24.5x

EVALUATION 95% of the students were very receptive. Students did their assignments this
was encouraging.

Teacher used role play to assess how much students have grasped.