ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT

Lesson 07: Types of Bones and its Structure

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

a. identify the different types of bones and its structure;

b. categorize the different bones of human base on their type
and composition;and
c. show understanding about the types and structure of bone
through collecting pictures.

Readings:

Structure of a Bone
1. Diaphysis or shaft: a hollow tube made of hard compact bone.
2. Periosteum: the vascular fibrous connective tissue, covering the
outer bone surface.
3. Endosteum: the inner fibrous membrane surrounding the
medullary canal.
4. Medullary canal: the central cavity of the shaft which contains the
soft yellow bone marrow.
1 Page

Anatomical Structure of a Long Bone

 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT

5. Bone marrow, types:

i. red – production of erythrocytes and thrombocytes
ii. yellow – storage of fatty tissue

6. Bone tissue, types:

i. compact – dense, smooth, solid mass forming the outer
bone layer.
ii. cancellous – spongy inner bone layer.
7. Epiphyses: the ends of the bone.
8. Articular cartilage: a thin layer of cartilage covering the
epiphyses.

Types of Bone
1. Long bone – made up of compact bone tissue and consisting of
diaphysis, epiphyses, and medullary cavity.

2. Short bone –
made up of
spongy/
cancellous
bone tissue
and generally
cube-shaped.

3. Flat bone –
thin and
having large
surface area.
2Page

4. Irregular
bone – bones
that are not
regular in
shape e.g.
vertebrae and
facial bones.
Classifications of Bones
According to Shape
 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT

5. Sesamoid bone – small bones that

develops in some tendons and around joints.

Activity 01.Complete the table below by supplying the necessary

sample image of bones suited to its type.

SHORT LONG BONES FLAT BONES IRREGULAR

BONES BONES
3 Page