SAO STS Observations to determine occurrence of a chemical reaction: (® Change in state (i Change in colour (iii) Evolution of a gas (iv) Change in temperature 7 Steps in writing a balanced chemical equation: (@ The word equation is written in the formula form. (ii) To balance a chemical equation, first draw boxes around each formula. Do not change anything inside the boxes while balancing the equation. (iii) List the number of atoms of different elements present in the unbalanced equation. (iv) Equalise the number of atoms on both the sides of the reaction. (®) The physical states of the reactants and productsare mentioned alongwith their chemical formulae. J Oxidising agent is a substance which gives oxygen or gains hydrogen. Alternatively, oxidising agent is the substance which oxidises other substances and reduces itself. 7 Reducing agent is a substance which gives hydrogen or gains oxygen. Alternatively, reducing agent is the substance which reduces other substances and oxidises itself. Multiple Choice Questions Each question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d). Choose and write the correct option. 1, In which of the following equations, the mass is not same on both the sides? (a) Word equi mn (D) Skeletal equation (¢) Balanced equation (@) Both (a) and (6) 2. Which among the following statement(s) is (are) true? Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to INCERT Exemplar] (@ the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride (i) sublimation of silver chloride (iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride (iv) oxidation of silver chloride (2) (only (©) (and Gi) (© ii) and Gi) (@) Go) only 3. Three beakers labelled as A, Band C each containing 25 mL of water were taken. A small amount of NaOH, anhydrous CuSO, and NaCl were added to the beakers A, B and C respectively. It was observed that there was an increase in the temperature of the solutions cont beakers A and B, whereas in case of beaker C, the temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the following statements(s) is (are) correct? INCERT Exemplar] (@ In beakers A and B, exothermic process has occurred. (i) In beakers A and B, endothermic process has occurred. (iii) In beaker C exothermic process has occurred. (iv) In beaker C endothermic process has occurred. (@) @ only () Gi) only (© @and (iv) (@) Gi) and (ii) 4. Corrosion of metals can be prevented (a) by coating the metal surface with a paint. (0) by applying film of grease and oil on the surface of the metal (©) by covering the surface of the metal with another metal which is more electropositive. (@) all of these.10. uu. 12. Identify the chemical equation which represents a complete balanced equation for the reaction. of barium chloride with sodium sulphate to produce barium sulphate and sodium chloride. (a) BaCly(aq) + NaySO,(ag) — BaSO,(s) + NaCllag) (6) BaCl,(aq) + NaySO,(aq) —+ 2BaSO,(s) + 2NaCl(aq) (©) 2BaCly(ag) + NaySO,(aq) — 2BaSO,(s) + NaClaq) (@) BaCly(aq) + NaySOy(ag) — BaSO,(s) + 2NaCag) Which of the following is not a physical change? [NCERT Exemplar] (a) Boiling of water to give water vapour (6) Melting of ice to give water (6) Dissolution of salt in water (@) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Which among the following is (are) double displacement reaction(s)?_——_ [CERT Exemplar] (@ Pb + CuCl, — PbCI, +Cu (ii) Na,SO, + BaCl, ——- BaSO, + 2NaCl (ii) C-+.0, —- CO, (iv) CH, + 20, — CO, + 2H,0 (a) @ and (iv) ©) (i) only (©) @and (i) (d) (iii) and (iv) Which of the following reactions represents a combination reaction? (a) CaO) + HOW —+ Ca(OH), (ag) (6) CaCO) — Ca0(s) + COG) (©) Zn(s) + CuSO,(ag) —+ ZnSO4(aq) + Culs) (d) 2FeSO,(s) — FeyOx(s) + SOx) + SOy(g) ‘Which of the following observation help(s) us to determine that a chemical change has taken place? (a) Change in temperature. (H) Change in colour. (©) Evolution ofa gas. (@ Allof these. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified potassium permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the observation? [NCERT Exemplar] (a) KMn0, is an oxidising agent, it oxidises FeSO, (6) FeSO, acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises KMnO, (©) The colour disappears due to dilution; no reaction is involved (@) KMn0, is an unstable compound and decomposes in presence of FeSO, to a colourless compound. Which of the following is (are) an endothermic processes? i) Dilution of sulphuric acid. (i) Sublimation of dry ice. (iii) Condensation of water vapours. (iv) Evaporation of water. [CERT Exemplar) (a) (i) and (ii) () Gi) only (©) Gii) only @ (and Go) Which of the following are combination reactions? [NCERT Exemplar] () 2KCIO, —- 2KCI + 30, (ii) MgO + H,O —- Mg(OH), (iii) 4A1 + 30, —- 2A1,0, (iv) Zn + FeSO, — ZnSO, + Fe (@) @ anddii) (0) Git) and (i) (©) Gi) and Gu) (@) (ii) and itty13, 4. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. In which of the following chemical equations, the abbreviations represent the correct states of [NCERT Exemplar] the reactants and products involved at reaction temperature? (a) 2H) + Of) —+ 2H,0@) (b) 2H) + Ol) —+ 2H,0() (©) 2Hy@) + Og) — 2H,00) (@) 2Hyg) + Og) — 2H,0@) Which of the following are exothermic processes? (# Reaction of water with quick lime (ii) Dilution of an acid (iii) Evaporation of water (iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals) [NCERT Exemplar] (@) @and (i) () (ii) and (ii) (© @and (iv) (@) (ii) and () Which one of the following processes involve chemical reactions? (a) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder (6) Liquefaction of air (©) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the open (@) Heating copper wire in presence of air at high temperature INCERT Exemplar] In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous lead nitrate, a yellow precipitate of lead ide is formed. While performing the activity if lead nitrate is not available, which of the following can be used in place of lead nitrate? [NCERT Exemplar] (a) Lead sulphate (insoluble) () Lead acetate (©) Ammonium nitrate (@) Potassium sulphate Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide accompanied by liberation of heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Cal jum hydroxide dissolves in water to form its solution called lime water. Which among the following is (are) true about slaking of lime and the solution formed? in endothermic reaction ’) It is an exothermic reaction ‘The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven (io) The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven (@) @anddi) () Gi) and (it) (© @and (iv) ‘What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fili (a) Hydrogen gas and iron (II) chloride are produced. (6) Chlorine gas and ferric hydroxide are produced. (©) Heat is absorbed, i, test tubes becomes cold, (@) Iron salt and water are produced. INCERT Exemplar] (@) (ii) and je) ings? ‘The following reaction is used for preparation of oxygen gas in the laboratory: 2KCIO ,(s) 84 2KCl(s) + 30, (g) Cate Which of the following statements is correct about the reaction? (@) Iisa decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature. (6) Iisa combination reaction. (©) It is a decomposition reaction and is accompanied by release of (@) Itis a photo chemical decomposition reaction and exothermi F heat in nature. INCERT Exemplar]20. The following reaction is an example of a ANH, (g) + 50, (g) — 4NO()+ 6H,O@) ’) displacement reaction (ii) combination reaction (iii) redox reaction (iv) neutralisation reaction [NCERT Exemplar] (@) @ and (wv) (b) Gi) and (iit) (c) @ and (ii) (d) (iit) and (iv) 21. Chemically rust is (a) ferric sulphate (0) ferric oxide (0) hydrated ferrous oxide (a) hydrated ferric oxide Answers L@ 2 (@) 3.0) 4.@) 5.) 6 @) 10) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a) IL @) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. @) 16. (6) 17. (by 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (0) 21.) Assertion-Reason Questions The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: @ o © @ 1 3 5 1 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. Ais true but R is false. Ais false but R is true. Assertion(4) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of exothermic reactions. Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved. - Assertion(4) : When HClis added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs. Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction is taking place. Assertion(4) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and water. Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes place. Assertion (4) Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to the decomposition of lead nitrate. White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight takes place to form silver metal and chlorine gas. Assertion(4) : Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur burns in ait; Reason (R) : Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with oxygen, Assertion(4) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a reducing agent. Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated. Assertion(4) Reason (R) Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a cher I reaction acts as a reducing agent. Answers L@ 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (@) 5. (a) 6.) 7. (a)Passaye-hased Questions ITT Answer the questions below each passage on the basis of your understanding of the paragraph and the related studied concepts. 1 Oxidation is the process of gaining of oxygen, or losing of hydrogen. Reduction is the process of losing of oxygen or gaining of hydrogen. The substance which undergoes oxidation is the reducing agent while the substance which undergoes reduction is known as the oxidising agent. Oxidation and reduction always take place together and these type of reactions are known as redox reactions, Some of the examples of redox reactions are given below: 1 |p,0, + 8Htcl — srbcl, + Cl, + 44,0 I. |oMg + 0, —— 2Mgo ML. | cuso, + Zn —— Cu + Znso, IV. |y,0, + 5Ca —— 2V + 5CaO0 V. |3Fe + 4H,O — Fe,0, + 4Hy VL |cuo + Hy —~ Gu+H,0 () Give two examples of oxidation reaction from your everyday life. (i) Write the oxidising agent in the reaction II and VI (ii) Which of the following is an oxidising agent? (@) LiAlH, (©) Alkaline KMnO, (©) Acidified K,Cr,0, (@) Both (b) and (e) (é) Out of oxidation and reduction, which reaction takes place at anode? 2. Corrosion is the phenomenon of deterioration of surface of metal in presence of air and moisture. tis a natural process and in the presence of a moist atmosphere, chemically active metals get corroded. This is an oxidation reaction, Rusting is the process where iron corrodes due to exposure to the atmosphere. The main circumstance of corrosion occurs with iron because it is a structural material in construction, bridges, buildings, rail transport, ships, etc. Aluminium also an important structural metal, but even aluminium undergoes oxidation reactions. However, aluminium doesn’t corrode or oxidize as rapidly as its reactivity suggests. Copper (Cu) corrodes and forms a basic green carbonate. (@ What is rusting? (i) Which two metals do not corrode easily? (iii) Write the chemical name of the compound formed on corrosion of silver. (iv) Corrosion is, (@) a redox reaction (6) a reduction reaction (6) displacement reaction (@) an oxidation reaction Answers 1. (i) Corrosion and rancidity i) CuSO, in (II) and CuO in (VI) Gi) @) (iv) Oxidation takes place at anode, 2. (i) The deterioration of surface of iron in presence of air and moisture is called rusting. (i) Gold and platinum. (ii) Silver sulphide, Ag,S () @)Very Short Answer Questions Each of the following questions are of 1 mark and have to be answered in one word or one sentence. Qi Ans. Q2 ‘Ans. Q3. Ans. Q4 Ans. Q5. Ans. 6. Ans. Ans. Qs Ans. ‘Ans. Q. 10. Ans. Qu. ‘Ans. Qiz Ans. . Convey the following information in the form of a b: ‘What does the word aqueous (aq) represent in a chemical reaction? It represents that the compound is present as a solution in water. Why is combustion of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) a chemical change? Combustion of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) isa chemical change because after its combustion, a new substance is formed and cannot be turned back into LPG. ‘What is wrong with the following equation? Mg +O —— MgO Identify the mistake and balance the equation, In this equation, oxygen should be in molecular form (O,). 2Mg +O, — 2Mgo ‘What is meant by skeletal equation? ‘The equation where the number of atoms of each element on both the sides of a chemical equation are not equal is called skeletal equation. Potassium chl rate (KCIO,) on heating forms potassium chloride and oxygen. Write a balanced equation for this reaction. 2KCIO,(s) —+ 2KCl(s) + 30,() What do you observe when magnesium ribbon is burnt? When magnesiu dazzling flame. ribbon is burnt, formation of white powder is observed along with white nced chemical equation: “An aqueous solution of ferrous sulphate reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to form a precipitate of ferrous hydroxide and sodium sulphate remains in solution.” FeSO,(ag) + NaOH (ag) —+ Fe(OH),(s) + Na,SO,(ag) Balance the following chemical equation: Pb(NO,)2(6) PbO(s) + NOz(@) + 0218) 2Pb(NO5)o(s) H+ 2PbOG) + 4NO2() + Oo) |. Give one example of a combination reaction which is also exothermic. When quicklime or calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with water, slaked lime [Ca(OH),] is formed. During this reaction a large amount of heat is release: '40(s). + Hy. 0) — Ca(OH)g (aq) + Heat Caleiumexide Water Calcium tydroxide (Quick ime) ‘Slated be) ‘What is the difference between the following two types of reactions? AgNO, + HCl —- AgCl + HNO, Mg + 2HCl—- MgCl, + H, The first reaction is a double displacement reactis displacement reaction, Why is hydrogen peroxide kept in coloured bottles? This is done in order to cut off light because hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen in the presence of light. 2H,0, #. 2H,0+0, Give one example ofa reaction which isa double displacement reaction as well asa precipitation reaction. AgNO, (ag) + NaCl(ag) —> _ AgCl@)1 + NaNOs(aq) Silvernzate Sodium ehoride Siverchlarde(ppt) Sodium nitrate So, this reaction is an exothermic reaction. whereas second reaction is a singleQ.13. Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction? ‘Ans. Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because energy, in the form of sunlight is absorbed during the process of photosynthesis by green plants. Q. 14. What type of reaction is represented by the digestion of food in our body? ‘Ans. Decomposition reaction. Q.15. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an active metal? ‘Ans. When an active metal like Zn reacts with HCl, the gas produced burns with a pop sound which indicates that itis a hydrogen gas. Zn(s) + 2HCI(ag) — ZnClys) + Haig) Q.16. Cana double displacement reaction take place when the products are highly soluble or highly ionised? ‘Ans. No, double displacement reaction takes place when there is a formation of a slightly soluble salt. Q.17. What changes in the colour of iron nails and copper sulphate solution do you observe after keeping the iron nails dipped in copper sulphate solution for about 30 minutes? Ans. Iron nails become brownish in colour and the blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades. This is because iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution and forms ferrous sulphate which is light green in colour. Q.18. Name the oxidising and reducing agent in the following reaction: 2H,S + SO, —- 2H,0 +35) Ans. H,S is the reducing agent while SO, is the oxidising agent. Q.19. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified potassium permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears. Write the correct explanation for this observation. Ans. Potassium permanganate solution (KMnO,) is an oxidising agent. It oxidises ferrous sulphate (FeSO,) to ferric sulphate [Fes(SO4)s] Q.20. Define rancidity. ‘Ans. The oxidation of oils or fats in food resulting in a bad taste and smell is called rancidity. Q.21. Name one synthetic antioxidant. ‘Ans. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Each of the following questions are of 3 marks and have to be answered in about 50-60 words. QI. @ 1 gofammonium chloride is added to a test tube containing 2 g barium hydroxide. What happens when you touch the bottom of the test tube? Give reason. (ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Ans. (i) The bottom of the test tube becomes cold. The reaction is an endothermic reaction. (i) Ba(OH), + 2NH,Cl —+ BaCl, + 2NH, + 2H,O Q.2. Which among the following are physical or chemical changes? (®) Evaporation of petrol i) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) (ii) Heating of an iron rod to red hot (iv) Curdling of milk (v) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride INGERT Exemplar] Ans. (i) Physical change (ii) Chemical change (iii) Physical change (v) Chemical change (v) Physical change 10Q.3. Ans. Ans. Ans. Ans. Give reason: How do we come to know that a chemical reaction has taken place? ‘The presence of any of the following changes helps us to determine that a chemical reaction has taken place, () Formation of new substance(s) (ii) Change in state (iii) Change in colour (iv) Change in temperature (@) Formation of a precipitate (vi) Evolution of a gas For example, if on mixing two substances a gas is evolved, then we can say that a chemical reaction has taken place . Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature? (@ Decomposition of ferrous sulphate i) Dilution of sulphuric acid (ii) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water (iv) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water INCERT Exemplar] (i) is endothermic as heat is absorbed in these changes. (i) is exothermic as heat is released in these changes (ii) is exothermic as heat is released in these changes, (iv) is endothermic as heat is absorbed in these changes. . What is an oxidation reaction? Give an example of oxidation reaction. Is oxidation an exothermic or an endothermic reaction? The reaction in which oxygen combines with other elements or compounds is known as an oxidation reaction. For example, burning of hydrogen isan oxidation process in which hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 2Hy(g) + Og) —— 2H,0() Oxidation re ictions are exothermic. (@ Aluminium is a reactive metal but is still used for packing food articles. (ii) Red litmus paper turns blue when touched with aqueous solution of magnesium oxide. (iii) Fire flies glow at night. INCERT Exemplar] (i) On exposure to air, aluminium forms a hard protective layer of aluminium oxide (Al,O3) which prevent further oxidation. (i) Magnesium oxide is an oxide of a metal, so, turns red litmus paper blue when touched with its aqueous solution. is basic in nature, Due to its basic character it ii) flies have a protein which in the presence of enzyme undergoes aerial oxidation. This is a chemical reaction which involves emission of visible light. Therefore, fire flies glow at night. Complete the missing components/variables given as x and y in the following reactions: (@) Pb(NO,),(aq) + 2KI(ag) —~ PbI,(x) + 2KNOs(9) i) Cu(s) + 2AgNO,(ag) —+ Cu(NO,),(aq) + x(6) (ii) Zn(s) + HySO4(ag) — ZnSO4(x) + Hy) (iv) CaCOg(s) —~ CaO(s) + CO.) {NCERT Exemplar) @ x=Oiy— Cap) (i) x—2ag it) x(a; y —@) (iv) x— Heat llExplain why (@ zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, whereas copper does not? INCERT Exemplar] (ii) we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles? [NCERT Exemplar] Ans. (i) Zinc is above hydrogen whereas copper is below hydrogen in the activity series of metals. ‘That is why zinc displaces hydrogen from dilute hydrochloric acid, while copper does not. Zn + HCl —+ ZnCly + Hy Cu + HCL — No reaction (i) Silver chloride on exposure to sunlight may decompose as per the following reaction. 2AgCIs) —~ 2Ag(s) + Cla) Therefore, itis stored in dark coloured bottles. Q.9. On adding dilute HCl to copper oxide powder, the solution formed is blue-green. Predict the new compound formed which imparts a blue-green colour to the solution. Ans. ‘The new compound formed is copper(II) chloride (CuCl,), which imparts blue-green colour to the solution. CuO + 2HClL—- CuCl, — + HO Copper oxide Copper chide ‘iue-green) Q.10. A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type of the chemical reaction, [NCERT Exemplar] Ans. KCl(ag) + AgNOs(aq) —+ AgClls) + KNOs(aq) Itis a double displacement and precipi ion reaction. Q.11. Draw a labelled diagram to show displacement reaction between copper and zinc. Also write the chemical equation for the reaction. Ans. > Zine stip 1 Zine sulphate me pl coer Sanaa (Reddish brown) solution CuSO, + Zn —+ ZnSO, + Cu Q. 12. Identify the substance oxidised, substance reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent: MnO, + 4HCl —- MnCl, + 2H,0 + Cl, ‘Ans. Substance oxidised: HCI Substance reduced: MnO, Oxidising agent : MnO, Reducing agent : HCl Q.13. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from the plant can be fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a physical change? INCERT Exemplar] Ans. Grapes when attached to the plants are living and therefore, their own immune system prevents fermentation. The microbes can grow in the plucked grapes and under anaerobic conditions these can be fermented. This is a chemical change. 12Qu. Ans. Q15. Ans. Q16. Ans. Q.17. Ans. Q18. Acopper coin was kept dipped in silver nitrate solution for a few hours/days. What will happen to the copper coin? What will happen to the colour of the solution? Copper is more reactive than silver. Hence, it displaces silver from the silver nitrate solution according to the given reaction. Cus) + 2AgNO, (ag) —~ Cu(NO,),(ag) + 2Ag(s) Copper Siver nite Copperitvnizate iver The silver thus formed is deposited on the surface of copper, thereby giving it a white appearance. The solution becomes blue due to the formation of copper nitrate, Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions. () 4NH, +50, —> 4NO + 6H,0 (ii) H,O + F, — HF + HOF (iii) Fes + 3CO — 2Fe + 3CO, (io) 2H, +O, — 2H,0 (NCERT Exemplar] ( Ammonia (NH) (ii) Water (H,O) as F, is getting reduced to HF (iii) Carbon monoxide (CO) (iv) Hydrogen (Hy) ‘Translate the following statements into chemical equations and balance them: (@) Lead nitrate reacts with sulphuric acid to form a precipitate of lead sulphate and nitric acid. (ii) Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. (ii) Aluminium metal strip is added in hydrochloric acid to produce aluminium chloride and hydrogen gas. (i) Pb(NO,)s(aq) + H,SO,(ag) —- PbSO,(s) + BHNO,(ag) (i) CaCOy(s) + ZHCKag) — CaClylag) + HOW + COYe) (iii) 2Al(s) + 6HCI(ag) — 2AICly(ag) + 3H,(@) Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions: (@ Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar concentrations gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate. (ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium chloride, water and liberates carbon dioxide. (ii) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitates cuprous iodide (Cu,1;), liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate. INGERT Exemplar] (i) NagCO4(s) + HClag) — NaCl(ag) + NaHCO,(s) (i) NaHCO,(s) + HCK(ag) — NaCl) + HOW + CO,g) (iii) 2CuSO (aq) + 4KI(s) — Cugly(s) + 2KySO4(aq) + 16) Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of reaction in each case. (®) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 73 K to form ammonia gas. i) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water. (ii) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of concentrated H,S0,. 13Ans. Q19. Ans. 2.20. Ans, Q21. Ans. 14 (iv) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat and light. [NCERT Exemplar] () Now) + 3H) SNH) Combination reaction (ii) NaOH(aq) + CHsCOOH (ag) —+ CHCOONa(aq) + HO), Double displacement reaction/Neutralisation reaction (ii) CJHJOHW) + CH,COOH() — CH,COOC,H,() + H,OW) Double displacement reaction/Esterification reaction (iv) CyH\g) + 30,(¢) —> 2CO,(g) + 2H,O(g) + Heat + Light Redox reaction/Combustion reaction ‘Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of reaction in each case. ( Thermit reaction, iron (IIT) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and aluminium oxide. \gnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium nitride. (iii) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium chloride solution and solid iodine. (iv) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat{(CERT Exemplar) w ( Fe,Oy65) + 21) — ALOg(s) + 2Fe() + Heat Displacement reaction (i) 3Mg() + No(g) —~ MgsNo(s) Combination reaction ii) 2KM(aq) + Clg) — 2KCl(ag) + 1466) Displacement reaction (iv) CgH{OH@ + 304g) —> 2COgg) + SHO + Heat Combustion reaction (@ Classify the following reactions into different types: (a) AgNOs(aq) + NaCl(ag) ——~ AgCl(s) + NaNOs(aq) (@) Ca0(s) + HO —- Ca(OH),(aq) (©) 2KCIO,(s) + 2KCl(aq) + 30,(g) (@ Zn + CuSO, — ZnSO, + Cu [CBSE 2019 (31/4/1)] (ii) Translate the following statement into a balanced chemical equation: “Barium chloride reacts with aluminum sulphate to give aluminium chloride and barium sulphate.” (® @ Double displacement react (H) Combination reaction (©) Thermal decomposition reaction (@) Displacement reaction (i) 3BaCly(aq) + Aly(SO,)s(aq) —+ 2AICIy(aq) + 3BaSO,6) Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation: () CaO + H,0 — Ca(OH), i) 3BaCl, + Al(SO,), — 2AICI, + 3BaSO, (ii) 2FeS0, —H, Fe,0, + SO, + SO; [CCE 2016) () Combination reaction n, precipitation reaction (i) Double displacement reaction (iii) Thermal decomposition reactionQ.22. Ans. Q.23. Ans. Q.24. Ans. Q.25. Ans. Q.26. Ans. ‘Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance the equations: (@ Phosphorus burns in oxygen to give phosphorus pentoxide. (i) Aluminium metal replaces iron from ferric oxide, Fe,Os, giving aluminium oxide and (ii) Carbon disulphide burns in air to give carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. (i) Barium chloride reacts with zinc sulphate to give zinc chloride and barium sulphate. (Pals) + 50x) —— 2P,0;(5) (i) 2AlG) + FejOg(s) —+ AlO4(s) + 2Fe(l) (iii) CS,(9) + 30,¢) —+ CO,@) + 280,@) (iv) BaCly(s) + Zn$0,(ag) —+ ZnCly(s) + BaSO,(aq) ‘When potassium iodide solution is added to a solution of lead (II) nitrate in a test tube, a precipitate is formed. (@) What is the colour of this precipitate? Name the compound precipitated. (ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (iii) List two types of reactions in which this reaction can be placed. [C//SE 2019 (31/4/I)] (i) The colour of the precipitate is yellow. The compound precipitated is Pbly (i) Pb(NOs)» + 2KI — Pbly + 2KNOy (iii) Double displacement reaction, precipitation reaction 2 g of silver chloride is taken in a china dish and the china dish is placed in sunlight for sometime. What will be your observation in this case? Write the chemical reaction involved in the form of a balanced chemical equation. Identify the type of chemical reaction. [CBSE 2019 (31/1/1)] The white silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. This is because silver chloride decomposes to form silver and chlorine gas. Snlihe 2AgCl(s) 2Ags) + Cl@) n reaction. Itis a photodecomposit (@ What happens when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride solution? Write the equation for the reaction which takes place. (i) Name the type of reaction involved. (When silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride solution, a white precipitate of silver chloride is formed along with sodium nitrate solution ‘heNOslap * NaCloy) —e Agtle) + NaNO fos) (wie pee) (i) This is double displacement reaction and precipitation reaction, 2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry (@) List any two observations. i) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place. ji) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the products formed. [CBSE 2019 (31/5/1)] () @ The colour of ferrous sulphate crystals changes from green to white then turn into brown due to formation of Fe,Os, 1g tube. ( (0) The smell of burning sulphur due to the evolution of SO, gas is observed. (i) Thermal decomposition reaction (iii) 2FeSO,(s) “+ Fe,04(s) + SOx) + SOs) (Fericotse) (Sulphur dioxide) (Sulphur wide) 15Q.27. Ans. Q.28. Ans. Q.29. Ans. Q.30. Ans. Q31. Ans. 16 Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions. (@ PbO, +8HCl —- 3PbCI, + Cl, + 4H,0 (ii) 2Mg + O, —~ 2MgO (ii) CuSO, + Zn — Cut ZnSO, (iv) VO; + 5Ca —- 2V+5C20 () 3Fe + 4H,0 — FeO, + 4H, (vi) CuO + Hy —— Cu+H,0 INGERT Exemplar] () Pb3O, (i) 0, (ii) CuSO, (fu) V205 (HO (wi) Cuo A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the cement industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water it forms a solution which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical reactions involved. [NCERT Exemplar] X is calcium oxide, also called quick lime. It reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide which is basic in nature. So, it turns red litmus blue. CaO() + HO) —- Ca(OH),lag) A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied by emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it continues to burn and forms a compound ¥. ( Write the chemical formulae of X and Y. (i) Write the balanced chemical equation when X is dissolved in water. [CERT Exenplay] 2Mg6) + Ox) —+ 2MgOG) + Light 3Mg() + Nol) —> MgsNo(s) ( X is MgO; Y is MgsNo (a) MgO) + H,O] — Mg(OH), (ag) Identify the type of reaction in the following examples: (@ Na,SO,(aq) + BaCl,(ag) —- BaSO,(s) + NaCl(aq) i) Fe(s) + CuSO,(aq) — FeSO,(aq) + Cu(s) (ii) 2H4@) + 0,@) — 2H,00) ( Double displacement reaction (i) Displacement reaction (iii) Combination reaction During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric a made. following observations were (®) Silver metal does not show any change. i) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added. (iii) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive. (iv) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the ai Explain these observations giving suitable reasons. INCERT Exemplar] (i) Silver being a less reactive metal than hydrogen does not displace hydrogen from HCl Hence, it does not react with dilute HCL (i) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium is added because it is an exothermic reaction.(ii) Reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive because itis an exothermic reaction. (iv) When lead is treated with hydrochloric acid, bubbles of hydrogen gas are evolved. Pb(s) + 2HCl(ag) —> PbCl(aq) + Hole) Q. 32. A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining. (®) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the phenomenon involved. (i) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula. [CERT Exemplar] Ans. (i) Metals such as silver when attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, gases, etc, are said to corrode and this phenomenon is called corrosion. (ii) The black substance is formed because silver (Ag) reacts with HS present in air. It forms thin black coating of silver sulphide (Ag,S). 2Ag(s) + H,Sg) — AgSi) + HQ) Black Each of the following questions are of 5 marks and have to be answered in about 80-90 words. Q.1. (What is a double displacement reaction? Explain with an example. (ii) A small amount of quick lime is added to water in a beaker. (a) Name and define the type of reaction that has taken place. (®) Write balanced chemical equation for the above reaction and the chemical name of the product formed. (©) List two main observations of this reaction. [CBSE 2019 (31/3/3)] Ans. (i) In double displacement reaction, two compounds react by exchanging their ions and form two new compounds. For example, silver nitrate and sodium chloride exchange their ions, NO; and Clr respectively and form two new compounds in the following reaction. AgNO; (ag) + NaCl(ag) — AgCl(s) + NaNO; (aq) (White pe) (i) @ Combination reaction. The reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product is known as combination reaction (6) The product formed is slaked lime for which the chemical formula is Ca(OH), CaO (0), +H) — Ca(OH) 9 (ag) + Heat Caleiumoxide Water Calum tyrone (Quick ime) (Shake lime) (©) Following are the two observations: © Calcium oxide (CaO) reacts vigorously with water to form slaked lime. © The container becomes hot because a large amount of heat is released during this reaction. Q.2. Consider the chemical equation given below and answer the questions that follow: cud + H, —##, Cu + HO (@ Name the substance which is getting oxidised. (i) Name the substance which is getting reduced. (iii) Name the oxidising agent. 17Ans. (iv) Name the reducing agent. (2) What type of a reaction does 1 () The substance getting oxidised is Hy, (i) The substance getting reduced is GuO. (iii) CuO is the oxi (év) Hy is the reducing agent. (v) Since oxidation and reduction is taking place si redox reaction, jultaneously, this reaction isan example of Q.3. Give the characteristic tests for the following gases: @ CO, (ii) SO, (iO, v) Hy [NCERT Exemplar) Ans. The characteristic test for the given gases are as follows: Ans. 18 ( Carbon dioxide (CO,) gas turns lime water milky when pas formation of insoluble calcium carbonate. Ca(OH) ,(aq) + CO’) —+ CaCO,(s) + HOO Lime water Carbon Calcium dioxide carbonate d through it due to the When GO, gas is passed in excess through lime water, milkiness disappears due to formation of soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate, CaCO,) + H,0() + CO) —+ _ Ca(HCO,),65) Caleium hydrogen carbonate (i) Sulphur dioxide (SO.) gas when passed through acidic potassium permanganate solution (purple in colour) turns it colourless because SO, is a strong reducing agent. 2KMnO,4(s) + 2H,O() + 5SOs(g) ——> K,SO,(ag) + 2MnSO, ag) + 2H,S0, (ag) Pots Sulphur Potaion, Manganese permanganate ‘ide phate sulphate ‘apie (Colourles) (Colours) (ii) The evolution of oxygen (03) gas during a reaction can be confirmed by bringing a burning candle near the mouth of the test tube containing the reaction mixture. The intensity of the flame increases because oxygen supports burning. (iv) Hydrogen (H,) gas burns with a pop sound when a burning candle is brought near it. With the help of an activity explain that hydrogen Water and oxygen are released when an electric current <<< paste is passed through water. ec () Take a plastic vessel. Drill two holes at its bottom and set rubber stoppersin these holes. "796 | (t Ae (i) Insert carbon electrodes in these rubber " ll iH stoppers and connect these electrodes to a Graphite rod 6 volt battery and a switch. Rubber: | (ii) Fill the vessel with water such that the S°P@ fice electrodes are immersed. Add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid to the water in the vessel. Let (i) Take two graduated test tubes filled with water Switch Battery and invert them over the two carbon electrodes. Electrolysis of water (@) Switch on the current. (vi) Afier sometime, you will observe the formation of bubbles at both the electrodes. These bubbles displace water in the graduated tubes.Q5. ‘Ans. Ans. Q7. (ii) Once the test tubes are filled with the respective gases, remove them carefully. (viii) Test these gases one by one by bringing a burning splinter of wood close to the mouth of test tubes, ‘When the glowing splinter of wood is brought close to the mouth of one test tube, it relights and when it is brought close to the mouth of other test tube, the gas burns with a pop sound, Oxygen is the only common gas that relights the splinter and hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound. (@) Design an activity to demonstrate the decomposition reaction of lead nitrate. ’) Draw labelled diagram of the experimental set up. List two main observations. (ii) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction stating the physical state of the reactant and the products. [CBSE 2019 (31/3/3)] (i) Activity: © Take a boiling tube and put about 8 g lead nitrate powder in it. © Hold the boiling tube carefully with a pair of tongs. \ ‘© Now, heat the tube over a flame. ‘Test ube holder (i), Observations: «© Brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide gas is observed Ce _seangnne @ Lead oxide, a yellow compound is formed. \ Hea Lead nitrate $ ii) 2Pb(NO,)(0) - 2PbO(s)+ 4NO,(&) + O,() Lead nite Leadoxide —Nitrogendioxide — Onygen oo ‘geliom) (brown) an . What happens when a piece of (@) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution? (i) aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid? (iii) silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution? Also, write the balanced chemical equation if the reaction oceurs.. [CERT Exemplar] (Zinc being more reactive than copper displaces copper from its solution and a solution of zine sulphate is obtained. Zn(3) + CuSO, (ag) — ZnSO, (ag) + Cu(s) Blue Cotoures (i) Aluminium being more reactive displaces hydrogen from dilute hydrochloric acid solution and hydrogen gas is evolved. 2Al(s) + GHC (ag) —~ 2AICl5 (aq) + 3Hy(@) ‘unin Chloride (iii) Silver metal being less reactive than copper cannot displace copper from its salt solution, Therefore, no reaction occurs. Ag(s) + CuSO,(aq) —~ No reaction What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of H,SO,, HCl, HNOs, ‘NaCl and NaOH? Also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs. [CERT Exemplar] ‘Ans. The reaction of Zn granules with () dilute HSO, Zn(s) + HySO4(ag) —+ Zn$O,(aq) + Hy(g) (i) dilute HCL Zn(s) + QHCKag) —+ ZnCly(ag) + Hye) 19Q8. Ans. (iii) dilute HNO, Reaction with dilute HNOs is different as compared to other acids because nitric acid is an oxidising agent and it oxidises Hy gas evolved to H,O. 4Zn(3) + LOHNO,(aq) —> 4Zn(NO,)(aq) + 5H + Ng) (iv) NaCl solution Zn(s) + NaCl(ag) —+ No reaction (@) NaOH solution Zn(5) + 2NaOH (aq) —~ NayZnO, (ag)+ Ho) (® Crystals of copper sulphate are heated in a test tube for some time. (a) What is the colour of copper sulphate crystals before heating, and after heating? (b) What is the source of liquid droplets seen on the inner upper side of the test tube during the heating process? i) A metal ‘X’ when dipped in aqueous solution of aluminium sulphate, no reaction is observed whereas when it is dipped in an aqueous solution of ferrous sulphate, the pale green solution turns colourless. Identify metal ‘X’ with reason. (® @ The colour of copper sulphate crystals before heating is blue and turns white after heating. (0) The liquid droplets are actually the water droplets. The source of water droplets is the water of crystallisation of hydrated copper sulphate crystals (CuSQ,.5H,O). (i) When metal *X’ is dipped in aqueous solution of aluminium sulphate no reaction is observed, it means it is less reactive than aluminium. But when it is dipped in ferrous sulphate solution, the solution turns from pale green to colourless, so *X’ is more reactive than iron and thus displaces it from its solution, Therefore, “X’ must be zine. It reacts with ferrous sulphate to form colourless zinc sulphate solution by displacing iron. Zn(s) + FeSO,(aq) —> ZnSO,(aq) + Fe) HOTS [Higher Order Thinking Skills] Qi Q2 Ans. Ans. 20 ‘Samuel had a silver coin which turned black. He kept the coin in a bowl lined with aluminium foil. Then he filled the bowl with water and boiled it. After sometime, he found that the coin has become new. Its blackness disappeared. How did it happen? ‘The blackness of silver coin is due to the formation of silver sulphide on its surface due to its exposure to ait. On boiling, the aluminium foil reacts with the layer of silver sulphide and displaces silver from silver sulphide to form aluminium sulphide and silver. This makes the coin shiny. BAg,S() + 2Al(s) —+ GAg(s) + ALS,(s) During electrolysis of water a few drops of sulphuric acid is added into water. Why? Pure water is a bad conductor of electricity. By adding a few drops of sulphuric acid, it becomes a good conductor of electricity. . Justify with the help of an example that displacement reaction is also a redox reaction. Consider the following displacement reaction in which Fe displaces Gu from CuSO, to form FeSO, Fe(s) + CuSOq(aq) —+ FeSO4(ag) + Cus) Tran opperetpale IrenDeupite Copper ‘ie (Gren) (Reh brow) In the above reaction, Fe is gaining oxygen. Hence, Fe is oxidised. CuSO, is loosing oxygen. Hence, it is reduced. So, itis a redox reaction.Q4 Ans. Ans. Ans. Compound ‘A’ when dissolved in water gives compound ‘B’ which is used in whitewashing. Compound “B’ reacts with CO, to form a white precipitate of compound ‘C’. Identify compounds ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’, Also write the equations involved. tthe 'B +60, — Cc Brothermie Used for 2 Whiteppe reaction ghitewashing Slaked lime [(Ca(OH),] is used for water. hhitewashing. It is obtained when quicklime, CaO reacts with ‘aQ(s). + Hj) ——> Ca(OH),(ag) + Heat Caksem ode Calm yaoi (Quicktime) (Slated ine) SoA is CaO and “B’ is Ca(OH), Ca(OH)g(aq) + COy(g) —~__CaCO4(s)_ + HOO Mie pe °C’ is CaCOy, (On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide (black), ‘oxygen gas and a brown gas X is formed. (®) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction. (ii) Identify the brown gas X evolved. (iii) Identify the type of reaction. (iv) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X? (NCERT Exemplar] (CBSE 2019 (31/2/1)) ( 26uNO)6) E+ 2606) + Og) + ANOUe) (ii) The brown gas X. evolved is nitrogen dioxide (NO,), (iii) This is a decomposition reaction. (iv) Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to form acidic solution because it is an oxide of non-metal. Therefore, pH of this solution is less than 7. . On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite, white precipitate is obtained. (®) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved. (ii) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction? (iii) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate disappears. Why? INCERT Exemplar] (9 NazSOs(aq)+ BaCl,(ag) —~ BaSOs(s)_ + 2NaCl(ag) Sodium spite Barium chloride Barumsulphite Sodium chloride vite predipiate) (i) This reaction is also known as double displacement reaction. (iii) BaSO, is a salt of a weak acid (H,SO,), therefore dilute acid such as HCI decomposes barium sulphite to produce sulphur dioxide gas which has the smell of burning sulphur BaSO,(s) + 2HCl(ag) —~ BaCl,(ag) + HO) + SOG) White pp. BaCl, is soluble in water, hence white precipitate disappears. 21a7 Ans. ‘A brown substance “X’ on heating in air forms a substance over heated ‘Y’, it again changes back into *X’, (i) Name the substance ‘X’ and ‘Y’. i) Name the type of chemical reactions occurring during both the changes. ji) Write the chemical equations of the reactions. [CCE 2016} (@) X—Cu; Y—Cuo, (i) When copper is heated in air, oxidation takes place. When hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper oxide, reduction takes place. (iii) 2Cu(s) + Og) —4+ 2Cu0G) (Oxidation) ‘When hydrogen gas is passed Cu0() + Hyg) —*> Cu(s) + H,O(@) (Reduction) NCERT Corner NCERT Intext Questions Qi Ans. Q2 Ans. Ans. Q5. Ans. 22 ‘Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air? ‘The magnesium ribbon which we use usually has a coating of a white layer of magnesium oxide It is formed by the slow reaction of moist air on it. This hinders the burning of magnesium. So, this layer is removed by rubbing with sandpaper before burning, Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions: (@ Hydrogen + Chlorine —~ Hydrogen chloride (ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate —- Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride (ii) Sodium + Water —- Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen () Hyg) + Clg) — 2HCIg) (i) 3BaCl,(aq) + Al(SO,),(aq) —+ 3BaSO,() + 2AICI (aq) (iii) 2Na(s) + 2H,O@) — 2NaOH (ag) + Hy@) Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions: (@ Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride. (ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid sol produce sodium chloride solution and water. ( BaCly(ag) + NaySOq(ag) —+ BaSO,(s) + 2NaCl(aq) (i) NaOH(aq) + HCI(aq) — NaCl(aq) + HJ) A solution of a substance °X’ is used for whitewashing. (@ Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula. (ii) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water. () The substance °X’ used for whitewashing is quick lime (calcium oxide). Its formula is CaO. (i) When quick lime is mixed with water, the following reaction takes place: Ca0(s)_ + H,0() — Ca(OH)2 (ag) + Heat Quine Wer Callum hydroside (Caleta xis) (Slaed line) n (in water) to Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes double of the amount collected in the other in electrolysis of water experiment? Name this gas. ‘The gas which is collected in double the amount in the electrolysis of water experiment is hydrogen. This is because water (H,O) contains two parts of hydrogen element as compared to ‘one part of oxygen element by volume,Q.6. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it? Ans. Iron is more reactive than copper. It displaces copper from copper sulphate solution according to the following reaction: Fe(s) + CuSO, (ag) —> FeSO, (ag) +Cu(s) Tron Copper ape Iron¢lDstiphate Copper ‘Thus, as copper sulphate reacts to form iron(II) sulphate, the blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades and the solution turns green due to iron (II) sulphate. Q7. Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one between barium chloride and sodium sulphate solutions. Ans. AgNO, (aq) + NaCl(ag) —> AgCl(s) +NaNO,(a) Sveralnte Sodomchlaide Silver ebiide Sumatra Q.8. Identify the substances oxidised and the substances reduced in the following reactions: @ 4Na(s) + O,(g) —— 2Na,0(s) (ii) CuO(s) + Hyg) —> CuG) + H,00 ‘Ans. (In this reaction, sodium (Na) is changed into sodium oxide (Na,O) by the addition of oxygen to sodium. Since addition of oxygen is called oxidation, therefore, the substance sodium (Na) d. Oxygen (O,) is changed into Na,O. Here, the addition of metal to oxygen takes place. So, the substance reduced is oxygen. (i) Here, copper oxide is reduced to copper metal whereas hydrogen is oxidised to water. NCERT Exercises Q.1. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect? 2PbO(s) + Cs) —+ 2PbG) + COx(g) (@) Lead is getting reduced. (6) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised. (©) Carbon is getting oxidised. (@ Lead oxide is getting reduced. (@@and (6) (ii) (@) and (©) Gil) (a), @) and (0) (éo) all Ans. The incorrect statements are: (@) Lead is getting reduced and (6) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised. Hence, (i) is the correct answer. Q2_ FeO, + 2Al —+ Al,O, + 2Fe The above reaction is an example of (@) combination reaction (6) double displacement reaction (©) decomposition reaction (@ displacement reaction Ans. The given equation is a displacement reaction in which Fe of Fe,0 has been displaced by Al Hence, (d) is the correct answer. Q.3. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? Choose the correct answer. (a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced. (6) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced. (©) No reaction takes place. (@) Iron salt and water are produced. ‘Ans. The following reaction takes place: Fe(s) + 2HCKag) = ——> FeCly(s)_ + Ha(@) Tron Hydrochloric acid Iron (D)chloride Hydrogen ‘Thus, hydrogen and iron chloride are produced. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer. 23Q.4. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should the chemical equations be balanced? Ans. A balanced chemical equation is one which contains an equal number of atoms of each element ‘on both sides of the equation. For example, 2H yg) + Ox(g) —> 2H,00) According to the law of conservation of mass, matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. During a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants and products remain the same, Hence, in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of the various elements on both sides should be equal. Therefore, a chemical equation is to be balanced in accordance with the law of conservation of mass. Q.5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them. (a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia. (6) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide. (©) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate. (@) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Ans. (2) Nog) + 3Hyg) = —> 2NHy@) (6) 2H,S@) + 30,(g) —> 2H, 0() + 280,@) (©) 3BaCl, + Al(SO)), —> 2AICl, + $Bas0, 4 (@ 2K) + 2H0 ~~ — 2KOH(y) + Hyg) Q.6. Balance the following chemical equations: (@) HNO, + Ca(OH), —+ Ca(NO,), + H,O () NaOH + H,S0, —— Na,SO, + H,0 (©) NaCl + AgNO; —— AgCl + NaNOy, (@) BaCl, + H,S0, —— BaSO, + HCI Ans. (a) 2HINO, + Ca(OH), — Ca(NO,), + 2H,0 (6) 2NaOH + H,SO, — Na,SO, + 2H,0 (© NaCl + AgNO, — AgCl + NaNO, (@) BaCl, + H,SO, — BaSO, + 2HCI Q.7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. (@) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide —— Calcium carbonate + Water () Zine + Silver nitrate ——~ Zine nitrate + Silver (©) Aluminium + Copper chloride ——+ Aluminium chloride + Copper (@) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate ——- Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride Ans. (a) Ga(OH),(aq) + CO,g) —+ CaCO() + H,0() (6) Zn(3) + ZAgNO,(ag) —+ Zn(NO,)p(aq) + 2Ag() (©) 2Al(s) + 3GuCl(aq) —+ 2AICl (aq) + 3Culs) (@) BaCly(s) + KySO,(ag) — BaSO,() + 2KCl(ag) Q.8. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction in each case. (@) Potassium bromide(ag) + Barium iodide(ag) —— Potassium iodide(ag) + Barium bromide(s) (6) Zine carbonate(s) —- Zinc oxide(s) + Carbon dioxide(g) (©) Hydrogen(g) + Chlorine(g) —- Hydrogen chloride(g) (@) Magnesium(s) + Hydrochloric acid(ag) —— Magnesium chloride(aq) + Hydrogen(g) 24Ans. Q9 ‘Ans. Q.10. “Ans. Qu. Ans. Qi Ans. Q13. Ans. (@) 2KBr(aq) + Bals(ag) —+ 2KI(aq) + BaBr,(s); Double displacement reaction @) ZnCOxs) — ZnO[) + COyg): Decomposition reaction (©) Ha) + Clg) — 2HCIGg); Combination reaction (@) Mgés) + 2HCK(aq) —+ MgClaq) + Hy@); Displacement reaction ‘What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples. Exothermic reaction: In exothermic reaction, heat is evolved during the reaction which is indicated by ‘+ heat’ sign on the right hand side of the equation For example: Ca0(s) + HyO — Ca(OH) ,(aq) + Heat Endothermic reaction: In this reaction, heat is absorbed which is indicated by putting “+ heat” sign on the left hand side of the equation. For example: Nag) + Oxy) + Heat —+ 2NOw) Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction? Explain. During respiration, the glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body and provides energy. Thus, respiration is an exothermic process because energy is produced during this process Co Hi20g ag) + 6 O2 () + 6HyO ) — 6COr() + 12H20() + Energy ‘tucee Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write ‘equations for these reactions. In a combination reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single product. Also, a large amount of heat is evolved. The decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat, light or electricity for breaking down one substance into two or more substances. No(g) + 3Hy(g) —> 2NHs(g) + Heat; Combination reaction 2NHy(g) + Heat —+ Nu@) + 3HL@); Decomposition reaction ‘Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity. Decomposition reaction involving absorption of heat: CaCO4(s) —+ CaO() + COn() Celdumcarionate Cleiumoxide Carton doide Decomposition reaction involving absorption of light: 2AgCl(s) SH. 2agis) + Che) Sverre Ser Caine Decomposition reaction involving absorption of electrical energy 2H,00 —*~ 2Hy@) + On) Wore SO ivdrogen nyse ‘What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write ‘equations for these reactions. Ina displacement reaction, a more reactive element displaces or removes another element from its compound. For example, zine being more reactive, displaces copper from its compound. Zn(s) + CuSO4(ag) —+ ZnSO,(ag) + Cus) In case of double displacement reactions, two compounds react by exchanging their ions and form two new compounds. 25Qu. Ans. Q. 15. “Ans. Q.16. Ans. Qi Ans. Q18. “Ans. Q19. “Ans. 26 For example, silver nitrate and sodium chloride exchange their ions, NO3 and CI respectively and form two new compounds in the following reaction AgNOs(aq) + NaCl(ag) —~ AgCl(s) + NaNOs(aq) (ite prt) Inthe refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved. Cus) + 2AgNOg (ag) ——> Cu(NO,)2(ag) + 2Ag(s) Copper” ~ Silver nitrate Covperitinivate Siler What do you mean by precipitation reactions? Explain giving examples. ‘On mixing the clear solutions of two ionic compounds, a substance which is insoluble in water, is formed. This insoluble substance formed is known as precipitate. Any reaction that produces a preci When sodium sulphate solution is mixed with barium chloride solution, a white precipitate of BaSO, is formed by the reaction of SO} and Ba?*. Na,SO,(aq) + BaCly(ag) —+ BaSO,(s)b + 2NaCl(aq) The other product formed is sodium chloride which remains in the solution tate is called a precipitation reaction, Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each: (@) Oxidation (b) Reduction. (@) Oxidation: It is defined as a process which involves gain of oxygen. For example, (@ 2Mg6) + On) —+ 2MgO6) Magnesium — Oxygen Magnesium oxide Here, Mg has gained oxygen to form MgO. Hence, Mg has been oxidised to MgO. (i) 2Cus) + Op @) = 2Gu0(5) In this reaction, Gu has gained oxygen to form CuO. Thus, Cu is oxidised to copper oxide (CuO), () Reduetion: It is d \ed as the process which involves loss of oxygen. For example, (CuO (3) + Hyg) —#* > Cus) + HOD Copper oxide Hydrogen Copper ater In this reaction, copper oxide is losing oxygen. So, it is being reduced to copper. (i) ZnO) + Cs) —H& + zis) + COL) Zincorte "Caton Zine Carbon moron In this reaction, zine oxide is losing oxygen. So itis being reduced to A shiny brown coloured element “X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the element ‘X’ and the black coloured compound formed. Element X is copper: The black coloured compound formed is copper (II) oxide. 2Culs) + Oo(g) —H— > 2Cu0(s) Copper Oxygen Copper tn exide Grown) ‘Blick Why do we apply paint on iron articles? By coating paint over iron articles, the contact of moist air with iron is cut off. So, moist air cannot attack on the surface of iron articl and there is no risk of rusting (corrosion of iron). Thus, iron articles can be protected from damage for many years. Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why? In the presence of oxygen in the air, the fats present in the fatty food are oxidised to compounds which have a bad smell, ie., the food becomes rancid. Flushing with nitrogen cuts off the contact of food with oxygen and protects the food from rancidity.Q.20. Ans. Explain the following terms with one example each. (@) Corrosion () Rancidity (a) Corrosion: It is a process of slow and gradual conversion of a metal into its undesirable ‘compounds (sulphides, carbonates, oxides, etc.) by the attack of air and moisture (water) present in the atmosphere, For example, reddish brown coating on iron, black coating on silver and green coating on copper are some examples of corrosion of iron, silver and copper respectively. Corrosion of iron is known as rusting. () Rancidity: When the food items are kept for a long period, the fats and oils present in them get oxidised and their smell and taste change. They become rancid and so the process is called rancidity For example, incid (decaying) flavour or smell in old cooking oil. SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST Time allowed: 1 hour Max. marks: 40 SECTION-A Choose and write the correct answer for each of the following. (4x1=4) 1 Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium sulphate, forms barium sulphate and ammonium chloride. Which of the following correctly represents the type of the reaction involved? (@ Displacement reaction (Gi) Precipitation reaction (iii) Combination reaction (i) Double displacement reaction (@ (only © (i only (© Gi) only (@ (ii) and () Which of the following statements is not true? (@) Corrosion is a chemical change. () Corrosion of iron is called rusting. (©) Corrosion is enhanced by stains on metallic surface, (@ Corrosion can take place in vacuum. ‘To prevent chips from getting oxidised, the bags of chips are flushed with (a) hydrogen () oxygen (© carbon dioxide @ nitrogen Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct? ‘3Fe(s) + 4H,0(g) —— FesO,(s) + 4H,(g) ( Iron metal is getting oxidised. (i) Water is getting reduced. (iii) Water is acting as a reducing agent. (iv) Water is acting as an oxidising agent. (@) @, Gi) and (ii) () Git) and () (© @, Gi) and @e) @ (ii) and () 27The following questions consist of two statements—Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A. (®) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation for A. (©) Ais true but R is false. (@) Ais false but R is true. (x1=3) 5. Assertion(A) : In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen liberated is twice the volume of oxygen formed. Reason (R) : Water (H,O) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2 by volume. 6. Assertion(4) : Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting Reason (R) : Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air 7. Assertion(A) : The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of conservation of mass. Reason (R) : Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence. @x1=3) 8. Name the reaction which takes place when ferrous sulphate is heated. 9. Give an example of displacement reaction. 10. Name the substance which is getting oxidised in the rea SECTION-B ion, HyS + Cl, —+ 2HCI +S. Answer the following questions in about 50-60 words each. (5x3 = 15) 11. Balance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction, () Mg@) + Cl(g) —~ MgCl) (i) HgO) 8 Hg) + O,@) (iii) Na(s) + S(6) +" Na,Sis) (é) TiC) + Mg) —- Tig) + MgCl() (@) CaO(9) + SIO) —- CaSiOY) (vi) H,0,) —Y— H,0@ + Og) {NCERT Exemplar] 12, A, B and C are three elements which undergo chemical reactions according to the following equations. A,O, + 2B —+ B,O, + 24 CSO, + 2B —+ B,(SO) + 3C 3CO + 2A —= A,O, + 3C Answer the following questions with reasons. (® Which clement is the most reac (ii) Which element is the least reactive? (iii) What is the type of reactions listed above? 13. Illustrate an activity to show a double displacement reaction. Give the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place. 14, When a green iron salt is heated strongly, its colour finally changes to black and odour of burning sulphur is given out. () Name the iron salt. 28(ii) Name the type of reaction that takes place during the heating of iron salt. (iii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved. 15. What is a redox reaction? Identify the substance oxidised and the substance reduced in the following reactions. (i) PbO, + 8HCL — SPbCl, + Cl + 4H,0 (i) Cu0 +H, —+ Cu + H,O SECTION-C Answer the following questions in about 80-90 words each. (8x5 = 15) 16. You are provided with two containers made up of copper and aluminium, You are also provided with solutions of dilute HCI, dilute HNO, ZnCl, and HO. In which of the above containers these solutions can be kept? [NCERT Exemplar] 17. (i) (@) Define corrosion, Under what conditions does corrosion take place? (0) Give the formula and the chemical name of rust. (i) Give two methods to slow down rancidity. 18. Observe the diagram given below and answer the following questions: \ tube (eta pot No test ¢ () What do you observe when lead nitrate is heated? (i) Mention the two gases evolved during heating, (iii) Write the balanced chemical equation for (iv) What is the type of chemical reaction called? (@) Give one more example of this type of reaction. Answers L@ 2@ 3.) 40) 5) 6 0) 7. @) 8. Decomposition reaction 9 Fe(s) + CuSO4(ag)— FeSO, (ag) + Cus) 10. H,S 29