Nichola Northey

Individual and Societies

March 24, 2022

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:

Websites:

"Letter from Queen Lili'uokalani to the House of Representatives." DocsTeach. December 19, 1898.

https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/memorial-queen-liliuokalani.

This is a helpful document because it gives photos of Queen Lili’uokalani’s letter to the House of

Representatives, as well as a helpful summary below the photos. While I was unsure if this source actually counted as

a primary source, it still will be helpful especially in the images in my website. This site also gives a bit of background

information on Lili’uokalani and the annexation of Hawaii itself.

Secondary Sources:

Websites:

"The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii." National Archives and Records Administration. November 24,

2021. https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hawaii-petition.

This source is one of the better ones of the sources on the Hawaiian Annexation that I was able to find. It gives
plenty of well-researched background information, as well as photos of the real Hawaiian petitions and a letter from

Queen Lili’uokalani that make this source very helpful to me and my website. This source also provides a historic

account of the annexation of Hawaii, which I used to write notes during my research.

Bonnie M. Miller. "The Annexation of Hawaii." Bill of Rights Institute. Accessed November 16, 2021.

https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-annexation-of-hawaii.

Although this source appears to be a teaching source, it is still helpful to me because it summarizes the main

parts of Hawaiian history in a well-written and clearly well researched manner. It also has good quality photos of

people of importance in Hawaii’s past, and I can use this when doing my timeline on my website.

Author Trask Haunani-Kay. "The Struggle For Hawaiian Sovereignty - Introduction." Cultural Survival. March 01,

2000.

https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/struggle-hawaiian-sovereignty-introduc

tion.

This source was very helpful because it introduced Hawaiian sovereignty and how much Hawaii struggled

with it. This essay-like website article provided information that was needed for my research and essentially gave a

timeline and details during those specific listed times. The only downside of this website and article was that the author

does not appear to have their credentials listed, though this information matches up with other information I found.

Bravin, Jess, and Louise Radnofsky. "Regrets Only? Native Hawaiians Insist U.S. Apology Has a Price." The Wall

Street Journal. March 12, 2009. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123682336964803763.

While only a newspaper article from the Wall Street Journal, this article gives some brief information about the

annexation of Hawaii and also gives information on the opinions of native Hawaiians in the present about the United
States Apology Resolution. I will use this as an account of how the Apology affected native Hawaiian recently, and the

article itself appeared to be accurate and was interesting overall.

“Timeline of James Cooks’s Voyages.” British Library. Accessed November 2, 2022.

https://www.bl.uk/the-voyages-of-captain-james-cook/timeline.

While researching the routes and basic history of James Cook, the first European to reach the Southern

continent in his travels and introduce the rest of the world to Hawaii, I needed a timeline to keep track of all the dates

of significance. This source provides that and other information on James Cook and his explorations, and has details on

the events. I can use it to recreate my own bigger timeline, which will be helpful in the production of my site.

Dennis Kawaharada. “The Discovery and Settlement of Polynesia.” Accessed October 17, 2021.

http://www2.hawaii.edu/~dennisk/voyaging_chiefs/discovery.html.

This source has good information on the discovery and settlement of Polynesia and gives good information on

the earlier years of the Hawaiian islands and the people on said islands. This source is centered around Polynesia and

Hawaii, and, in the parts based on Hawaiian history, is a good account of the Polynesian explorers and Hawaiian

beginnings.

Gjelten, Tom. "White Supremacist Ideas Have Historical Roots In U.S. Christianity." NPR. July 01, 2020.

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/01/883115867/white-supremacist-ideas-have-historic

This was a very well written article on how white supremacy connects to Christianism, which I found helpful

for context during my research- the Hawaiians were heavily influenced by white people, and white supremacy is an

unavoidable topic when discussing that. This article gave details on the roots of white supremacy, and had different

interviews and historical information on important people fighting for racial equality.
“Hawaiian Kingdom - Political History.” Accessed December 8, 2021.

https://www.hawaiiankingdom.org/political-history.shtml.

While many of the sources I found didn't speak much about politics during the Hawaiian annexation, and at all,

this source has details on important people who affected the overall political state of Hawaii. It also gives details on

bills and constitutions that were important in that time period, and has good photos of the profiles of those people.

The National Archives. "Captain Cook in Hawaii." The National Archives. March 25, 2021.

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/captain-cook-in-hawaii/.

While this was another teaching source with questions meant for other students, the photographs and

illustrations from British explorers made this source helpful. The large section of background information on James

Cook was also assisting in my research, especially the context area of it. James Cook was vital to Hawaiian history,

and was the very beginning of colonization, so obtaining well-done information on him is very important.

National Geographic Society. "Bayonet Constitution." National Geographic Society. May

30, 2014. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/jul6/bayonet-constitution/.

This National Geographic article on the Bayonet Constitution is quite short, but it gives a good illustration of

King David Kalakaua and some background information on the Bayonet Constitution. This Constitution was important

to the beginnings of the overthrow of Hawaii, and the article provides some context on this event.

Pazzanese, Christina. "Harvard Fellow Examines Rise - and Roots - of White Supremacy." Harvard Gazette. August

28, 2019.

https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/03/harvard-fellow-examines-rise-and-roots-of-white-supremacy/.
 This article provided some theories and research on the roots of white supremacy, then gets into more of a

question-and-answer type format. It also provides information of what events impacted white supremacy and was

obviously well-researched, and seeing as it came from a very high and prestigious school, there’s almost no doubt all

information found was determined to be exact. This article doesn’t directly relate to my research on the Hawaiian

Annexation, but context-wise, it’s a very good source.

“Reconciliation at a Crossroads” Accessed January 21, 2022.

www.usccr.gov/files/pubs/sac/hi0601/report.htm.

This digital page discusses the implications of the Apology Resolution signed by the United States, and is

helpful to me when discussing the products of the Hawaiian Annexation and the diplomacy involved as the United

States attempted to reconcile with Hawaii. It will be very helpful to me in my website production when I write more

about the diplomacy involved in the annexation of Hawaii.

Royal Greenwich Museums. “Captain James Cook timeline.” Royal Greenwich Museums.

https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/captain-james-cook-timeline

While this source was only a timeline from Royal British museums, it’s clear that the dates and detail written

were accurate, especially considering James Cook originated from that country. This source was helpful because it

gave me a clear timeline and understanding of Cook’s routes, which will be helpful in my website production and

when I compile all events noted in all my timeline sources to produce one large timeline.

"Stephen Hancock, "On the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy, 1893"." BRANCH.

https://www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=stephen-hancock-on-the-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-monarchy-1

893.
 This was one of my most prominent sources during my research process, and this source was super helpful in

taking notes and will be helpful when I work on my website. This was a very long source and was researched, written

and organized well. I was very impressed with this source in general, and it appeared to be trustworthy, so I could also

use it to compare and contrast date points with other sources.

"United States' History with the Native Hawaiian Community." U.S. Department of the Interior. November 18,

2020. https://www.doi.gov/hawaiian/united-states-history-native-hawaiian-community.

In the ‘diplomacy and resolution’ part of my research, this article was decently helpful when I was in the

process of doing research for exactly how America attempted to make amends with native Hawaiians. This source is

slightly short, though it gave me information I was unaware of before, about the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act. I

will use this source when I defend the Kingdom of Hawaii in my website.

University, Stanford. "Seven Factors Contributing to American Racism." Stanford News. June 09, 2020.

https://news.stanford.edu/2020/06/09/seven-factors-contributing-american-racism/.

This source gave a very interesting psychological approach to the roots of racism in America , and I thought it

was well done. Again, the information doesn't relate to the annexation of Hawaii, but it’s needed for the context of my

research, and this provided that. This article was well-researched and organized, and actually was an interesting read.

The factors that contribute to American racism mentioned in the article also make sense when comparing it to Hawaii,

and I will use this close to the end of my website when I discuss racism against native Hawaiians.

“Annexation of Hawaii.” U.S. Department of State. Accessed November 23, 2021.

https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/gp/17661.htm

This U.S. government archive is short, though it provides some good information on the annexation of Hawaii,
as well as giving some insight as to important people during the time period in around 1898. It’s also a trustworthy

source because it’s from the U.S. government archives from 2001-2009.

“A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776:
Hawaii.” U.S. Department of State. Accessed November 13, 2021.

https://history.state.gov/countries/hawaii.

This source is helpful because it gives a summary of the relations Hawaii had with other countries before the

annexation. It also gives the treaties both Hawaii and the U.S. agreed on together, and gives summaries on the

diplomatic relations Hawaii had. This was helpful when I was completing my research on the legal matter of the

annexation and beforehand.

Books:

Kuykendall, Ralph S. The Hawaiian Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

The many passages of this book that I combed through were very detailed, and held so much useful

information. This book discusses many things in Hawaiian history, but most notable and helpful for my research were

the political treaties and history, the parts about the United States occupation, and the establishment and fall of the

Hawaiian monarchy. These specific parts of this book were very helpful for my research and because this book has a

wide range of subjects, I can probably use it for the entire production of the whole website I will build.