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FIRE SUPPRESSION HYDRAULICS BASED HORIZONTAL SPLIT – CASE PUMP DOUBLE

ON NFPA 13 SUCTION

FIRE SUPRESSIONS SYSTEMS

 Water Based Fire Suppressions

Components
1. Automatic Fire Sprinkler System
2. Standpipe And Hose System
3. Fire Pumps
4. Water Supply
NFPA JOURNAL MARCH 2008 FIRE REPORT: A
HYDRAULIC CASE STUDY

FIRE PUMP HEAD DETERMINATION

PROBLEM # 1: WATER DID NOT REACH FIRE

41 %
A. Valves Closed or Protection Equipment are
Impaired
B. Fire Pump Has No Sufficient Head and
Capacity (Psi) (Gpm)
C. Tank Water Reserved Is Inadequate FIRE PUMP PROBLEM

FIRE PUMPS PROBLEMS? WHAT WE SHOULD

KNOW ABOUT FIRE PUMP?

 A fire pump is an assembly of equipment

that provides water flow and pressure for
fire protection. The assembly consist of the
water supply suction, discharge piping and
valving, pump driver and control and its
auxilliary.
SPRINKLER SYSTEM BASIC RISER DIAGRAM

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PROBLEM # 2 : NOT ENOUGH WATER

RELEASED 29 %
PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVE 5”X4”
1. Flaws In The Design Approach
2. Inadequate Size Of Piping System
3. Not Enough Velocity Pressure

How many floors can a 150 psi delivery head

of a fire pump can effectively suppress the fire,
based on NFPA CODE? Assume 10 % head loss
Head in Ft = 130 / 0.433 = 300 ft
Require To Have Pressure at the Top Floor = WATER – FIRE SUPPRESSION MEDIUM
30 PSI minimum
1. Fire Hose And Stand Pipe System
30 psi / 0.433 psi / ft = 69 ft 2. Automatic Fire Sprinkler System
No. of floors to effectively suppress BASIC PRINCIPLES - NODAL ANALYSIS FOR
300 – 69 = 231 ft - (10% head loss - assume) HYDRAULIC DESIGN

231 – 10% 300 = 201 ft @ 10 ft / floor say 20 Basic Solution to Piping Networks
floors Nodal Analysis - method in the study of a
fluid flow in a complex piping network
using the principles of loop and node
solutions of an electrical circuits.

It is similar to the analysis of a loop and

node of a kirchoffs current law or of kirchoffs
voltage law .

Analogy:
electrical - mechanical
emf (voltage ) to pressure (psi) electron
flow (current in ampere ) to water flow

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FORMULA USED:

 HAZEN – WILLIAMS FORMULA

1.85 1.85 4.87 PIPE IS STEEL
P = 4.52 Q / c d
c = roughness factor = 120
d – In inches ASTM std
Q – Discharge in gpm
p – Pressure drop psi / ft

1 in dia. 1.85 P = [ Q / 59.98 ] psi / ft

1 ¼ in dia. 1.85 P = [ Q / 123.4 ] psi / ft
1 ½ in dia. 1.85 P = [ Q / 185 ] psi / ft
2 in dia. 1.85 P = [ Q / 357 ] psi / ft
3 / 4 “ dia. 1.85 p = ( Q / 31.8 ) psi / ft
2 1/2 in dia. 1.85 p = [ Q / 563 ] psi / ft
EXAMPLE: A branch line of designated size of
3 in dia. 1.85 p = [ Q / 1008 ] psi / ft
pipe is connected to a cross main of 2.5 in dia.
4 in dia. 1.85 p = [ Q / 2068 ] psi / ft Using k = 4 for a 7/16” nozzle of a sprinkler on
a light hazard area , 1. what is the pressure at
EXAMPLE: light hazard junction S of the cross main and branch line ?
2. what is the pressure and the demand gpm at
0.5 the junction T ? Discharge density = 0.16
Q = K (p) per sprinkler head area covered / gpm/sq.ft , area / sprinkler is 130 s.f.
sprinkler - 120 sf
Sprinkler nozzle use – ½ in dia. K = 5.6
Min. size of pipe 1 in dia.

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 P = [ Qt / 563 ] = [ 41.88 / 563 ] =

0.008 psi / ft
 P t = 8 x 0.008 = 0.064 psi

 Pressure @ junction T = pS + p drop 2.5”

pipe

 P @T = 33.45 + 0.064 = 33.514 psi

SUMMARY OF RESULTS:
1. Pressure @ junction S = 33.45 psi
2. Pressure and demand gpm @ junction T
2.1 P@T = 33.514 psi
2.2 demand gpm = 41.88 gpm

 Pressure drop P a-b- spklr HYDRAULICALLY DESIGNED FIRE SPRINKLER

SYSTEM
1.85 1.85
 Project:
Pa-b = [Q / 59.98] x 13 = [20.8  Location:
/59.98] x 13 = 0.14 x 13= 1.83 psi  Total No Of Sprinklers:
 Pressure @ a  Basis Of Designed:

Pa = P + Pab = 27 + 1.83 = 28.83 psi

27 psi - pressure of spklr 1 1. DENSITY ------------ 0.16 GPM / SF
2. AREA OF DISCHARGE ------------ 1500 SF
 Discharge Q2 3. NO OF SPRINKLERS DESIGNED IN THE
OPERATION --------- 13 pcs
Assume p = 28.83 as 1 st trial
4. DISCHARGE AREA PER SPRINKLER ----
0.5 0.5 120 SF

 Q=k[p] = 4 x[ 28.83 ] = 21.4 gpm

SYSTEM DEMAND:
1.85
1. DISCHARGE GPM ------
 P = [ 21.4 / 59.98 ] = 0.1495 psi / ft 2. RESIDUAL PRESSURE TO THE APPLIED
 P a-s = 7 x 0.1495 = 1.046 psi AREA ------
 Pressure @ spklr = 28.83 – 1.046 = 27.78 3. RESIDUAL PRESSURE AT THE BASE OF
psi THE RISER
A. FIRE PUMP HP
0.5 0.5 B. JOCKEY PUMP HP
 Q of spklr 2 = k [ p ] = 4 x [ 27.78 ] =
21.08 gpm
 Q total = Q1 + Q2 = 20.8 + 21.08 = 41.88
gpm
 Pressure @ junction T
 1’ dia. pipe to junction s
1.85 1.85
 P = [ Qt / 59.98 ] = [ 41.88 / 59.98 ]
= 0.514 psi / ft
 Pt= 9 x 0.514 = 4.62 psi
 P @ junction S = p@ a + 4.62 = 28.83 +
4.62 = 33.45 psi
 2.5” dia pipe Qt = 41.88 gpm
1.85 1.85

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