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High Voltage High and Low-Side Driver: Applications
High Voltage High and Low-Side Driver: Applications
Applications
Motor driver for home appliances, factory
automation, industrial drives and fans
HID ballasts, power supply units
Description
The L6391 is a high voltage device manufactured
with the BCD™ “OFF-LINE” technology. It is a
Features single-chip half-bridge gate driver for N-channel
High voltage rail up to 600 V power MOSFET or IGBT.
dV/dt immunity ± 50 V/nsec in full temperature The high-side (floating) section is designed to
range stand a voltage rail up to 600 V. The logic inputs
Driver current capability: are CMOS/TTL compatible down to 3.3 V for easy
interfacing the microcontroller/DSP.
– 290 mA source
– 430 mA sink An integrated comparator is available for
protections against overcurrent, overtemperature,
Switching times 75/35 nsec rise/fall with 1 nF
etc.
load
3.3 V, 5 V TTL/CMOS inputs with hysteresis
Integrated bootstrap diode
Comparator for fault protections
Smart shutdown function
Adjustable deadtime
Interlocking function
Compact and simplified layout
Bill of material reduction
Effective fault protection
Flexible, easy and fast design
Contents
1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Pin connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Truth table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3 Recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.1 AC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2 DC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6 Waveform definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9 Bootstrap driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
CBOOT selection and charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SO-14 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11 Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
12 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1 Block diagram
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NG
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HIN
CKI
EDGE +,1 287
CKI
O
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ERL
ERL
DEADTIME 9&& 1&
LVG
INT
INT
'7 DTLH /9* DTHL
HVG
1& &3
gate driver outputs OFF gate driver outputs OFF
(HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE) *1' &3
(HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE)
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3 Truth table
L X(1) X(1) L L
H H L L L
H L H L L
H L L H L
H H H L H
1. X: don't care.
4 Electrical data
5 Electrical characteristics
5.1 AC operation
Table 6. AC operation electrical characteristics (VCC = 15 V; TJ = +25 °C)
Symbol Pin Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Figure 3. Timing
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US UG
U PO U PGG
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U PO U PGG
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U TE
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3.5
2
DT (us)
1.5
0.5
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Rdt (kOhm) AM16763v1
5.2 DC operation
Table 7. DC operation electrical characteristics (VCC = 15 V; TJ = + 25 °C)
Symbol Pin Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Logic inputs
IHINh HIN logic “1” input bias current HIN = 15 V 110 175 260 A
3
IHINl HIN logic “0” input bias current HIN = 0 V 1 A
ILINl LIN logic “0” input bias current LIN = 0 V 3 6 20 A
1
ILINh LIN logic “1” input bias current LIN = 15 V 1 A
ISDh SD logic “1” input bias current SD = 15 V 10 40 100 A
2
ISDl SD logic “0” input bias current SD = 0 V 1 A
1. VBO = VBOOT - VOUT.
2. RDS(on) is tested in the following way: RDS(on) = [(VCC - VBOOT1) - (VCC - VBOOT2)] / [I1(VCC,VBOOT1) - I2(VCC,VBOOT2)]
where I1 is pin 14 current when VBOOT = VBOOT1, I2 when VBOOT = VBOOT2.
6 Waveform definitions
LIN
ING
ING
CONTROL SIGNAL EDGE HIN
OC K
OC K
OVERLAPPED:
ER L
ER L
INTERLOCKING + DEADTIME LVG
IINT
INT
DTLH DTHL
HVG
gate driver outputs OFF gate driver outputs OFF
(HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE) (HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE)
LIN
DTLH DTHL
HVG
gate driver outputs OFF gate driver outputs OFF
(HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE) (HALF-BRIDGE TRI-STATE)
LIN
LIN
CONTROL SIGNAL EDGE
NOT OVERLAPPED, HIN
OUTSIDE THE DEADTIME:
DIRECT DRIVING
LVG
DTLH DTHL
HVG
(*) HIN and LIN can be connected togheter and driven by just one control signal
The L6391 device integrates a comparator committed to the fault sensing function. Both
comparator's inputs are available on pins 8 and 9. For example, applying a voltage
reference to CP- and connecting the CP+ to an external shunt resistor, a simple overcurrent
detection function can be implemented.
The output signal of the comparator is fed to an integrated MOSFET with the open-drain
output available on the pin 2, shared with the SD input. When the comparator triggers, the
device is set in shutdown state and both its outputs are set to low level leaving the half-
bridge in tristate.
CP-
CP+
HIN/LIN
PROTECTION
HVG/LVG
SD/OD
open-drain gate
(internal)
disable time
Fast shutdown :
the driver outputs are set in SD state immediately after the comparator
triggering even if the SD signal has not yet reached the lower input threshold
SHUTDOWN CIRCUIT
VBIAS
RSD where:
SD/OD
FROM/TO
SMART
CONTROLLER
SD
RPD_SD
AM16755v1
HIN VBOOT
LIN L6391
HVG
+ VCC
+
VCC
L639x
L639x
μC VCC
- GND OUT
DT
R1 LVG
9*R
SD/OD SD/OD
SD/OD C2 C3
VDD C1
CP+
VBIAS
R2
R
SD_force OPOUT CP-
VDD R3
2*R
GND
SD_sense
In applications using only one L6391 for the protection of different legs (such as a single-
shunt inverter, for example), the resistor divider, shown in Figure 8, can be implemented.
This simple network allows the SD pins of the other devices to reach a voltage lower than
L6391 Vil, so that each device can get its low logic level regardless of part to part variations
of the thresholds.
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Typical application diagram
5V LOGIC
SHOOT
THROUGH
PREVENTION 12 OUT
DocID17892 Rev 3
VC C LVG
VBIAS
DRIVER
LVG
FROM /TO
CONTROLLER SD/OD 2 10
SMART 5V
SD
COMPARATOR 9 CP+
+
CP-
Figure 9. Application diagram
- VBIAS
8
DT 5 DEAD
TIME
GND 7
AM02458v1
L6391
L6391 Bootstrap driver
9 Bootstrap driver
A bootstrap circuitry is needed to supply the high voltage section. This function is usually
accomplished by a high voltage fast recovery diode (Figure 10). In the L6391 device
a patented integrated structure replaces the external diode. It is realized by a high voltage
DMOS, driven synchronously with the low-side driver (LVG), with diode in series, as shown
in Figure 11. An internal charge pump (Figure 11) provides the DMOS driving voltage.
Equation 1
Q gate
C EXT = --------------
V gate
The ratio between the capacitors CEXT and CBOOT is proportional to the cyclical voltage loss.
It has to be:
Equation 2
C BOOT >>>C EXT
if Qgate is 30 nC and Vgate is 10 V, CEXT is 3 nF. With CBOOT = 100 nF the drop is 300 mV.
If HVG has to be supplied for a long time, the CBOOT selection has also to take into account
the leakage and quiescent losses.
HVG steady-state consumption is lower than 240 A, so if HVG TON is 5 ms, CBOOT has to
supply CEXT with 1.2 C. This charge on a 1 F capacitor means a voltage drop of 1.2 V.
The internal bootstrap driver gives a great advantage: the external fast recovery diode can
be avoided (it usually has great leakage current).
This structure can work only if VOUT is close to GND (or lower) and in the meanwhile the
LVG is on. The charging time (Tcharge) of the CBOOT is the time in which both conditions are
fulfilled and it has to be long enough to charge the capacitor.
The bootstrap driver introduces a voltage drop due to the DMOS RDS(on) (typical value:
120 ). At low frequency this drop can be neglected. Anyway, the rise of frequency has to
take into account.
The following equation is useful to compute the drop on the bootstrap DMOS:
Equation 3
Q gate
V drop = I ch arg e R DS on V drop = ------------------R DS on
T ch arg e
where Qgate is the gate charge of the external power MOS, RDS(on) is the on resistance of
the bootstrap DMOS and Tcharge is the charging time of the bootstrap capacitor.
For example: using a power MOS with a total gate charge of 30 nC the drop on the
bootstrap DMOS is about 1 V, if the Tcharge is 5 s. In fact:
Equation 4
30nC
V drop = --------------- 120 0.7V
5s
Vdrop has to be taken into account when the voltage drop on CBOOT is calculated: if this drop
is too high, or the circuit topology doesn’t allow a sufficient charging time, an external diode
can be used.
Figure 10. Bootstrap driver with high voltage fast recovery diode
DBOOT
VCC BOOT
H.V.
HVG
CBOOT
OUT
TO LOAD
LVG
BOOT
VCC
H.V.
HVG
CBOOT
OUT
TO LOAD
LVG
10 Package information
0016019_E
A 1.35 1.75
A1 0.10 0.25
A2 1.10 1.65
B 0.33 0.51
C 0.19 0.25
D 8.55 8.75
E 3.80 4.00
e 1.27
H 5.80 6.20
h 0.25 0.50
L 0.40 1.27
K 0 8
e 0.40
ddd 0.10
".
11 Order codes
12 Revision history
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