English for Aviation UNIT 1

stand (hardstand) means an area  for the parking of aircraft including, but not limited to
the parking of aircraft for the purposes of loading and unloading of freight, mail and
cargo, and for the embarkation or disembarkation of passengers.

embark (v.) the act of passengers and crew getting aboard an aircraft. synonyms:
boarding, embarkation (n.), embarkment (n.) disembark - the act of passengers and
crew getting off of an aircraft.
ATC - Air traffic controllers are people trained to maintain the safe, orderly, and expeditious
flow of air traffic in the global air traffic control system; ATCO-Air Trafic Control Officer

flight level (FL) is an aircraft's altitude at standard air pressure, expressed in

hundreds of feet.
Pushback means the movement of an aircraft from a nose-in parking stand
using the power of a specialised ground vehicle attached to or supporting the nose
landing gear; an airport procedure during which an aircraft is pushed backwards
away from an airport gate by external power. 
 A tow is when the aircraft is pulled forward.

Heading is the direction in which an aircraft is pointing at any given moment.

Clarification – explanation
Line up is a part of the ground movement of an aircraft that normally connects the
taxiing phase and the take off roll. It starts when an aircraft moves past the holding point
of a taxiway and ends when the aircraft gets aligned with the runway centreline.
Essentially, lining up means that the aicraft enters a runway.
Hold short means to stay off the runway, do not enter it. Only enter the runway if you
are cleared by ATC tower. Hold short sign consists of four paraller lines, two solis and
two dashed. The side with the solid line is that which the aircraft is to hold.

Vectoring an aircraft is a navigation service provided to aircraft by air traffic

control - navigational guidance to aircraft in the form of specific headings, based on the
use of an ATS surveillance system.
pass over - to pay no attention to the claims of : disregard. overlook, neglect, attend,
go over
a heavy aircraft - the word "heavy" means a larger aircraft type, with a Maximum
Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of 160 tonnes or more. These aircraft create wake turbulence
from their wings and require extra separation between following aircraft, and the use of
"heavy" reminds other pilots of that fact. This includes Boeing 747, 767, 777, and 787
aircraft. Airbus A300, A310, A330, A340, and A350 aircraft must also use this term.
An LOM- Locator Outer Marker is a navigation aid used as part of an instrument
landing system (ILS) instrument approach for aircraft. Aircraft can navigate directly
to the location using the NDB as well as be alerted when they fly over it by the beacon.
a heavy aircraft - the word "heavy" means a larger aircraft type, with a Maximum
Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of 160 tonnes or more. These aircraft create wake turbulence
from their wings and require extra separation between following aircraft, and the use of
"heavy" reminds other pilots of that fact. This includes Boeing 747, 767, 777, and 787
aircraft. Airbus A300, A310, A330, A340, and A350 aircraft must also use this term.
to divert cause (someone or something) to change course or turn from one direction to
another.
declare an emergency A pilot who encounters a DISTRESS condition may declare an
emergency by beginning the initial communication with the word MAYDAY,
repeated three times. Distress: a condition of being threatened by serious and/or
imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance. 
pressurisation Cabin pressurization is a process in which conditioned air is
pumped into the cabin of an aircraft in order to create a safe and comfortable
environment for passengers and crew flying at high altitudes. ... The cabin pressure is
regulated by the outflow valve (výpustný ventil).
7700 squawk his is the squawk code for a general emergency.
Standard phraseology
Confirm Have I correctly received the following…? or Did you correctly receive the
message?
Say again Repeat all, or the following part, of your last transmission.
Roger I have received all of your last transmission.