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PLM Final Exam

Intrinsic/Extrinsic Aids

Select a law recently passed by Congress.

1. Enumerate 2 intrinsic aids and 2 extrinsic aids, and explain how each are used as an aid
to interpretation
2. Provide your interpretation of a provision or provisions of your selected law using the 2
intrinsic aids and 2 extrinsic aids enumerated.

Note: You must use all 2 intrinsic and 2 extrinsic aids at least once. You can use all aids in one
provision, or separately in several provisions of your selected law. What is essential is you
demonstrate how to interpret using the selected 2 intrinsic and 2 extrinsic aids. For the extrinsic
aids, I highly suggest you do some background research since these aids are not found within
the law (since these are extrinsic).

Presumptions

1. Select 3 kinds of presumptions. Describe each presumption and explain how it is used in
statutory construction.
2. Research for 1 SC case and discuss how the SC applied the presumption against
unconstitutionality. Please discuss the background facts (briefly, for context), the
law/provision being interpreted, the issue connected to the said law/provision, ruling,
and how the SC applied the presumption against unconstitutionality in reaching its
decision.

Interpretation of Words and Phrases A

1. Select a word/phrase and provide a statutory definition.

2. Research for 1 SC wherein the SC introduced a jurisprudential definition (make sure this
is not a statutory/dictionary definition). Discuss the word/phrase and the jurisprudential
definition provided.

Interpretation of Words and Phrases B

1. Provide an example of a statute with a proviso. Explain how the proviso is used /
interpret the provision including the proviso.
2. Explain the principles of (a) “statute construed as a whole” and (b) “harmonize to form a
uniform system of jurisprudence”. (c) Why is this important in statutory construction?
Construction of Constitution and Specific Kinds of Statutes

1. Identify, describe, and explain the three rules of constitutional construction.

2. Research for a SC case per principle below and discuss how the SC applied the said
principle below (per case). Please discuss the background facts (briefly, for context), the
law/provision being interpreted, the issue connected to the said law/provision, ruling,
and how the SC applied the principle below.
a. Penal laws are liberally construed in favor of the accused / strictly construed
against the State
b. Labor laws/contracts are liberally construed in favor of the laborer
c. Procedural rules are liberally construed