: Laboratory Manual:

Safety Instrumented System (3161709)

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Practical: 04
Aim: To study the difference between Process
shutdown and Emergency Shutdown.

Theory:

What is Process shutdown (PSD)?

Process shutdown (PSD) is defined as the automatic isolation and the activation of
all part of a process. During a PSD the process remains pressurized.

Basically PSD consist of field mounted sensors, Valves and trip relays, a system logic
unit for processing of incoming signals, alarm and MHI units. The system is able to
process all input signals and activating output in accordance with the applicable cause
and effect matrix chart.

Typical action from PSD systems are:

1. Shutdown the whole process

2. Shutdown part of the process
3. Depressurize/Blow down parts of the process

What is Emergency Shutdown (ESD)?

The Emergency Shutdown (ESD) shall minimize the consequences of emergency

situations, related to typically uncontrolled flooding, escape of hydrocarbons, or
outbreak of fire in hydrocarbon carrying areas or areas which may otherwise be
hazardous. Traditionally risk analyses have concluded that the ESD system is in need
of a high Safety Integrity Level, typically SIL 2 or 3.

Basically the system consists of field-mounted sensors, valves and trip relays, system
logic for processing of incoming signals, alarm and HMI units. The system is able to
process input signals and activating outputs in accordance with the Cause & Effect
charts defined for the installation.

ESD can be automatically initiated by load shedding functions or manually by the

operator through push button on the panel. ESD will shut down and isolate all
designated process related equipment, including inlet and outlet ESD valves. Depends
on each project some plant will allow the power generation, utilities and fuel gas
system keep running during this condition.
 : Laboratory Manual:
Safety Instrumented System (3161709)

__________________________________________________________

Typical actions from ESD system are:

1. Shutdown of part system and equipment

2. Isolate hydrocarbon inventories
3. Isolate electrical equipment
4. Prevent escalation of event
5. Stop hydrocarbon flow
6. Depressurize/Blow down parts of the process
7. Emergency ventilation control
8. Close watertight doors and fire doors

PSD vs ESD

Process shutdown (PSD) system is a part of plant (facility) safeguarding system with
a purpose to minimize the frequency and consequences of excursions outside the
facility operating envelope.

Emergency shutdown (ESD) system is a part of plant (facility) safeguarding system

with a purpose to keep the process within
within the design envelope and to prevent the
escalation of abnormal conditions into a major hazardous event.

PSD and ESD can be considered as effects, which are triggered by certain causes, the
PSD and ESD are levels of shutdown which discriminate between the seriousness of
the causes leading to the appropriate effects.

Assignment: Students will collect examples of PSD and ESD from industry and
will make brief note on it.