THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDEGINOUS MICROORGANISM IN

DECOMPOSITION

Names

section

A RESEARCH PRESENTED TO THE SCIENCE FACULTY

****************. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF ***************

“DATE”

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION

o Background of the Study

 Statement of the Problem

  Significance of the Study

o Limitation of the Study

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 Expert opinion

 METHODOLOGY

o Materials Used

o Methods (Procedures Employed)

 Description of the Subject

o Description of Measure or Instruments Used

 Findings

o Analytic Techniques

 Description Findings

o Other Findings

 Summary Conclusions and Recommendation

o Summary of Research Paper

o Conclusions and Limitation

o Implication

 Reference Materials

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Micro-organism has an ability and strength to live and find out alive. Living
soil is the basis of soil fertility. Soil, living soil is the alpha and omega, the
beginning and end. And what makes a living soil is the existence of life forms
like micro-organisms. Without them, we cannot create and sustain soil fertility
and health. Currently, environmental sustainability is a contemporary issue
that receives plenty of attention from the research scientists. This is a result of
the amount of research going into assessing the impact that human activity
can have on the environment. Although the long-term implications of this
serious issue are not yet fully understood, it is generally agreed that the risk is
high enough to merit an immediate response. As stated earlier, indigenous
microorganisms-based technology is one such important technology and
these organisms inhabit the soil with the abilities of biodegradation,
bioleaching, bio composting, nitrogen fixation, improving soil fertility and as
well in the production of plant growth hormones. In addition, these are large
group of naturally occurring and often unknown or ill-defined microorganisms
that interact favourably in soils and with plants to render beneficial effects
which are sometimes difficult to predict. Indigenous microorganisms usually
denote specific mixed cultures of known, beneficial microorganisms that are
being used effectively as microbial inoculants that could exist naturally in soil
or added as microbial inoculants to soil where they can improve soil quality,
enhance crop production and create a more sustainable agriculture and
environment. IMOs coexist and are physiologically compatible and mutually
complementary, and if the initial inoculum density is sufficiently high, there is
a high probability that these microorganisms will become established in the
soil and will be effective as an associative group, whereby such positive
interactions would continue. If so, then it is also highly probable that they will
exercise considerable control over the indigenous soil micro flora in due
course. Still lot of constructive research is required to make use of IMOs in
sustainable environment.

Statement of the Problem

This study will attempt to examine the capacity of indigenous micro-

organisms in garbage decomposition in Talakag, Bukidnon.

It seeks to answer the following question;

*What is the benefit that we can attain in using indigenous micro-

organisms?

Indigenous micro-organism is organically made and can be an environmental

friendly material for decomposing. Micro-Organism can be applied to different

applications in such can help develop our agriculture environment. It is also

affordable because it is only made at home.

*What is the difference between commercial micro-organism and

indigenous micro-organism?

Commercial micro-organism are produced mechanically or artificially or

refined simply to increase their market value, commercial micro-organism is

made in laboratories which can be a result of the contamination of soils

because of chemicals added in it. Indigenous Micro-Organism is made

naturally and organically that can make the soil fertile because it is only

produced at home and just by compost materials.

*What are the effects of indigenous micro-organism in soil?

The first issue is the use of the term indigenous which in terms of soil and

micro-organism is not very well defined. If you mean organisms which are
found only in soil, then you are referring to a very large cohort of bacteria,

archaea, and their cognate viruses/phage. The role of soil micro-organisms is

extremely complex and the specific nature of the role depends on the group

of organisms that you are targeting. For example, soil cyanobacteria will

contribute significantly to C and N inputs into soils, whereas heterotrophic

groups such as soil fungi will play a large role in degration/mineralisation of

lignocellulosic polymers.z

Significance of the Study

Making organic fertilizer is not an easy thing to do, it takes a long process

before you can use, but using micro-organisms help shorten the process of
making organic fertilizers. Farming is inconceivable without soil. Therefore

adding strength and fertility to soil is the number one priority. Conventional

farming always has a theory that the plant should be fertilized and is no risk,

but organic farming has a theory that the soil is the one being fertilized

through micro-organisms. Once the soil is already fertile it can give good

nutrients to the plant.

Limitation of the Study

This study is limited only to the resources around or within the vicinity,

depending of the availability of the materials. In collecting biodegradable

materials is very laborious than the commercial micro-organism because it is

already available. However the effect of the commercial micro-organism

would deplete the soil’s fertility. It can also causes disease in human, animals

and plants, they spoil food, they spread diseases, and they can be used as

vectors (some believed that this is an advantage) because of bad micro-

organisms made if contaminated.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The uniqueness of micro-organisms and their often unpredictable nature and

biosynthetic capabilities, given a specific set of environmental and cultural

conditions, have made them likely candidates for solving particularly difficult

problems in life sciences and other fields as well. The responsible use of

indigenous micro-organisms to get economic, social and environmental

benefits is inherently attractive and determines a spectacular evolution of

research from traditional technologies to modern techniques to provide an

efficient way to protect environment and new methods of environmental

monitoring (Cai et al. 2013).

Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other agricultural inputs

derived from fossil fuels have increased agricultural production, yet the

growing awareness and concern over their adverse effects on soil productivity

and environmental quality cannot be ignored. The high cost of these products,

the difficulties of meeting demand for them, and their harmful environmental

legacy have encouraged scientists to develop alternative strategies to raise

productivity, with microbes playing a central role in these efforts (Vaxevanidou

et al. 2015).

One application is the use of soil microbes as bioinoculants for supplying

nutrients and/or stimulating plant growth. Some rhizospheric microbes are

known to synthesize plant growth promoters, siderophores and antibiotics, as

well as aiding phosphorous uptake. The last 50 years have seen quick steps

made in our appreciation of the diversity of environmental microbes and their

possible benefits to sustainable agriculture and production. The advent of

powerful new methodologies in microbial genetics, molecular biology and

biotechnology has only quickened the pace of developments (Patil et

al. 2014).
The dynamic part played by microbes in sustaining our planet’s ecosystems

only adds urgency to this enquiry. Culture-dependent microbes already

contribute much to human life, yet the latent potential of vast numbers of

uncultured—and thus untouched—microbes, is enormous (Patil et al. 2014).

Culture-independent metagenomics approaches employed in a variety of

natural habitats have alerted us to the sheer diversity of these microbes and

resulted in the characterization of novel genes and gene products. Several

new antibiotics and biocatalysts have been discovered among environmental

genomes and some products have already been commercialized. Meanwhile,

dozens of industrial products currently formulated in large quantities from

petrochemicals, such as ethanol, butanol, organic acids and amino acids, are

equally obtainable through microbial fermentation (Dong et al. 2011).

Expert Opinion
“Farmers have lost their independent authority which they have in the farming

techniques of the old days. Farmers became dependent in buying almost

everything that they need in farming, and they just engaged in farming by role

according to the program presented by the seller.”

“I insist to recover the spirit of farmers. To achieve it is impossible until the

exhilarated farming that farmers can recover subjectivity in the farming

technique is realized.”

“New vision of farming techniques is needed to recover the true nature of

farming. There is a hidden possibility to realize a new vision in the ways that

farmers make and apply which are necessary farming materials by making

use of local materials actively.” – (Dr. Cho Han Kyu 2003)

“There is a need to invest on natural capital like the soil through the

proliferation of beneficial indigenous microorganisms, sustaining their growth

and population, creating living soil, and opening mechanisms and bridges to

extract natural minerals to be taken by the plant and stored, broken down

again to mineralized for future use as it completes the nutrient cycle.

Beneficial Indigenous Microorganism is the start of this cycle, the ultimate

digester, user and re-users.”– (Gil A. Carandang 2008)

METHODOLOGY
Materials Used

The materials we have used in our Investigatory Project were: Commercial

Rice; Molasses; Rubber bands; Manila paper; Bamboo pole; Plastic container

(pail); and Marker

Methods (Procedures Employed)

Steps on how to ferment:

~Wash rice properly ~Cook it normally (not too wet or dry) ~Cool the cooked
rice naturally ~Transfer the cooked rice to a tray; Use wooden ladle to
transfer rice ~Put some cooked rice inside the bamboo pole (¼ full of rice)
~Cover it with a two layered manila paper then tie with rubber bands ~Wrap
the bamboo pole with a clear cellophane then tie with rubber bands ~Write
markings on the masking tape bearing the name and date of fermentation and
paste it on top of the Manila paper. ~Keep it under the bamboo forest for 3-5
days ~Open the bamboo pole and inspect the growing mold (fungus), black
colored molds discard, white colored molds collect ~Weigh the recovered rice
and molds, and add molasses in equal weight ~Put the mixture in a plastic
container (pail), wipe the mouth, cover with a double layered manila paper,
and out the proper markings ~After 7 days drain the liquid from the mixture,
filter and place it in another container (do not close the cap tightly: loosen the
cap of approximately 1 complete twist) ~Completely close the cap after a
week or when there are no bubbles going up ~The concoction is ready to use
after extraction ~Make two beds of biodegradable waste ~Treat one bed with
Indigenous Micro-Organism once a week then Observe
Description of Subject

The micro-organism smells bad; it is fast in decomposing the organic material

than simple composting. It has more functions and usage if you apply in

another technology such as foliar fertilizer for the plants, and good bacteria

for domesticated animals like chickens, ducks, cow, and etc. if mixed with

water for their drinks. Has the ability to decompose organic compounds.

Catalysis of chemical processes in the soil. Natural ecosystems to facilitate

recovery. Suppression of diseases by circulating naturally active materials.

Description of Measure or Instruments Used

~1 by 4 meter plot/bed (used for the micro-organism in to be tested) ~2 feet

bamboo pole (used for the micro-organism to be cultivated) ~1 kg.

Commercial rice (less moisture to collect aerobic microbes) ~2 kg. Molasses

~6 pieces Rubber bands ~4 sheets of doubled layer Manila paper ~1 pail 20

(liters capacity) ~1 marker (to mark dates)