CIE 122

HIGHWAY AND
RAILROAD ENGINEERING
 Contents:

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 T raffic Control Device Traffic Signs
It is the medium used for
communicating between
traffic engineers and road Road Markings
users. Unlike other modes
of transportation, there is
no control over the drivers
Traffic Signals
using the road. Here, traffic
control devices come with
the help of a traffic
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engineer. Its major types Parking Control
used are traffic signs, road
markings, traffic signals, and
parking control.
 Principles of Traffic Control
Devices:
1. Fulfill a need
2. Command attention from
the road users
3. Convey a clear, simple
meaning
4. Avoid overuse, misusing,
confusing messages
5. Adequate time for proper
response
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6. Uniformity of the meaning
of the control device
7. Road-users must respect
the sign
Purpose of Traffic control
Devices:
1. To promote highway
safety and efficiency by
providing for the orderly
movement of all road
users.
2. To notify road users of
regulations and provide
warning and guidance
needed for the reasonably
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safe, uniform, and efficient
operation of all elements
of the traffic stream.
 Additional Requirements:
🚫Traffic Control Devices
or their supports shall not
bear any advertising
message or any other
message that is not related
to traffic control. 🚫
👍🏽 Tourist-oriented
directional signs and
Specific Service signs are
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not considered advertising;
rather, they are classified as
motorist service signs. 👍🏽
 T raffic Signs
Traffic Signs describe a
range of signs that are used
to indicate or reinforce
traffic laws, regulations, or
requirements which apply
either at all times or at
specified times or places
upon a street or highway,
the disregard of which may
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Traffic Signs in the
Philippines are standardized
in the Road Signs and
Pavement Markings Manual,
published by the
Department of Public
Works and Highways
(DPWH).

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constitute a violation or
signs in general that
regulate public behavior in
places open to the public.
 Communication Tools COLOR
A number of mechanisms ✓ It is the first and most
are used by the traffic easily noticed
engineer to communicate characteristic of a
with the road user. These device.
mechanisms recognize
certain human limitations,
particularly eyesight.
Messages are conveyed
through the following
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elements:
 SHAPE
✓ It is the second element
discerned by the driver
next to the color of the
device.

Circles give orders.

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Triangles warn.

Rectangles inform.
 YIELD SIGN
→ is intended to alert drivers
and pedestrians that they need
to yield the right of way to
another party.

STOP SIGN
→ it means to come to a full
stop and be sure the way is
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clear before proceeding.
 LEGEND
✓ Legend should be short,
simple, and specific.
✓ Symbols that are trans-
lingual or word messages
✓ Word messages should
be as brief as possible
✓ All letterings shall be in
capital letters
✓ Word messages on street
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PATTERN
✓ Used in the application of
road markings to
complement traffic signs.
✓ Generally solid, double
solid, and dotted lines are
used.

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names and destinations
may include lower-case
letters with initial upper-
case letters.
 Design Principles Types of T raffic Signs
❖ High visibility by day and 1. REGULATORY SIGNS
night. Mandatory Signs. It gives
❖ High legibility: notice of traffic laws or
→ adequately sized regulations.
letters or symbols, and 2. WARNING SIGNS
Cautionary Signs. Give
a short legend for quick
notice of a situation that
comprehension. might not be readily
❖ Uniformity in design: apparent.
→ include shape, color 3. INFORMATIVE SIGNS
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dimensions, legends,
borders, and
illumination or recto-
reflectivity.
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Guide Signs. Shows route
designations, distances,
services, point of interest,
etc.
 Regulatory Signs
Informative Signs

Warning Signs
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 Regulatory Signs
These signs are also called
mandatory signs because it
is mandatory that the
drivers must obey these
signs. If the driver fails to
obey them, the control
agency has the right to take
legal action against the
driver. These signs are
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primarily meant for the
safety of other road users.
These signs have generally
black legend on a white
background. They are
circular in shape with red
borders. The regulatory
signs can be further
classified into:
a. Right of Way Series.
b. Speed Series
c. Movement Series
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d. Parking Series
e. Pedestrian Series
f. Miscellaneous
 Right of Way Series

Speed Series
Parking
Series
Pedestrian Series

Miscellaneous Series
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Movement Series
 Placements Warning Signs
STOP Sign Placement It is a type of sign which
indicates a potential hazard,
obstacle, or condition
requiring special attention.
Some are traffic signs that
indicate hazards on roads
YIELD Sign Placement that may not be readily
apparent to a driver. It
advises the driver to obey
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the rules. Most of the shape
used is upward triangular
or diamond shape.
 Various situations where No Passing Zones
warning signs might be
used. Warning signs might
be used to indicate any
number of hazards.
a. No Passing Zones Railroad Crossings
b. Railroad Crossings
c. School Zones
d. Sharp Curves
e. Intersection Ahead School Zones
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f. Animal Crossings
 Sharp Curves Informative Signs
Informative signs also called
guide signs, are provided to
assist the drivers to reach
Intersection Ahead their desired destinations.
These are predominantly
meant for the drivers who
are unfamiliar to the place.
Animal Crossings The guide signs are
redundant for the users
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who are accustomed to the
location.
 Types of Informative Signs:
1. Route markers are used to
identify numbered highways.
They have designs that are
distinctive and unique.
2. Destination signs are used to
indicate the direction to the
critical destination points, and
to mark important
intersections.
3. Mileposts are provided to
inform the driver about the
progress along a route to reach
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his destination while service
guide signs give information to
the driver regarding various
services such as food, fuel,
medical assistance, etc.
 Route Markers Mile / Kilometer Posts

Destination Signs
Service Guide Signs
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Group 1: