Sample Question Paper - 29

Physics (042)
Class- XII, Session: 2021-22
TERM II

Time : 2 Hours Max. Marks : 35

General Instructions :
(i) There are 12 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) This question paper has three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
(iii) Section A contains three questions of two marks each, Section B contains eight questions of three marks each,
Section C contains one case study-based question of five marks.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and
two questions of three marks. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use log tables if necessary but use of calculator is not allowed.

SECTION - A
1. What is the function of a photodiode ?

2. Show that density of nucleus is independent of its mass number A.

OR

If the nuclear radius of 27Al is 3.6 fermi, then find the approximate nuclear radius of 64Cu in fermi.

3. The intrinsic carrier concentration of silicon sample at 300 K is 1.5 × 1016 m–3. What is the density of
minority carrier? (after doping, the number of majority carriers is 5 × 1020 m–3)

SECTION - B
4. Write the expression for the speed of light in a material medium of relative permittivity er and relative
magnetic permeability mr. Also prove that the average energy density of the oscillating electric field is equal
to that of the oscillating magnetic field.

5. (a) In the following diagram ‘S’ is a semiconductor. Would you increase or decrease the value of R to keep
the reading of the ammeter A constant when S is heated? Give reason for your answer.

–
V+ S

A
R
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of a photodiode and explain its working. Draw its I-V characteristics.

6. (i) A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of 30°.
Calculate the speed of light through the prism.

(ii) Find the angle of incidence at face AB so that the emergent ray grazes along the face AC.
7. Calculate the wavelength of Ha line in Balmer series of hydrogen atom, given Rydberg constant
R = 1.097 × 107 m–1.

8. Depict the shape of a wavefront in each of the following cases.

(i) Light diverging from point source.
(ii) Light emerging out of a convex lens when a point source is placed at its focus.
(iii) Using Huygen’s construction of secondary wavelets, draw a diagram showing the passage of a plane
wavefront from a denser into a rarer medium.
OR
(a) If one of two identical slits producing interference in Young’s experiment is covered with glass, so that
the light intensity passing through it is reduced to 50%, find the ratio of the maximum and minimum
intensity of the fringe in the interference pattern.
(b) What kind of fringes do you expect to observe if white light is used instead of monochromatic light?

9. If the wavelength of the first line of the Balmer series of hydrogen is 6561 Å, then the wavelength of the
second line of the series?

1 1 1
10. Define power of a lens. Write its units. Deduce the relation = + for two thin lenses kept in contact
coaxially. f f1 f 2

11. Draw a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiation for two
photosensitive materials having work functions W1 and W2(W1 > W2). Write two important conclusions
that can be drawn from the study of these plots.

OR

Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and mention which important features in photoelectric effect can be
explained with the help of this equation.
The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons gets doubled when the wavelength of light incident
on the surface changes from l1 to l2. Derive the expressions for the threshold wavelength l0 and work
function for the metal surface.

SECTION - C
12. CASE STUDY : DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
Incident Diffracted
The phenomenon of bending of light around the sharp corners and wave wave
the spreading of light within the geometrical shadow of the opaque
obstacles is called diffraction of light. The light thus deviates from its
linear path. The deviation becomes much more pronounced, when a
the dimensions of the aperture or the obstacle are comparable to the
wavelength of light. l
Screen
(i) Light seems to propagate in rectilinear path because
(a) its spread is very large
(b) its wavelength is very small
(c) reflected from the upper surface of atmosphere
(d) it is not absorbed by atmosphere.

(ii) In diffraction from a single slit the angular width of the central maxima does not depends on
(a) l of light used (b) width of slit
(c) distance of slits from the screen (d) ratio of l and slit width.
(iii) For a diffraction from a single slit, the intensity of the central point is
(a) infinite
(b) finite and same magnitude as the surrounding maxima
(c) finite but much larger than the surrounding maxima
(d) finite and substantially smaller than the surrounding maxima.

(iv) Magnification power of telescope increases when

(a) wavelength of light decreases (b) wavelength of light increases
(c) focal length of eye-piece increases (d) focal length of eye-piece decreases.

(v) In a single diffraction pattern observed on a screen placed at D metre distance from the slit of width d metre,
the ratio of the width of the central maxima to the width of other secondary maxima is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 3 : 1


 Solution
PHYSICS - 042
Class 12 - Physics

1. Photodiode is used to detect the light signal and 1 c 1

to measure light intensity. = = , where c =
µ0 µr ε0 εr µr εr µ0 ε0
2. Nucleus was first discovered in 1911 by Lord
is the speed of light.
Rutherford and his associates by experiments on
scattering of a-particle by atoms. He found that the In an electromagnetic wave, both E and B fields vary
scattering result could be explained, if atoms consists of sinusoidally in space and time. The average energy
a small, central, massive and positive core surrounded density u of an e.m. wave can be obtained by replacing
by orbiting electron. The experiment results indicated E and B by their rms value
that the size of the nucleus is of the order of 10–14 1 2
u = ε0 Erms +
1 2 1
Brms or u = ε0 E02 +
1 2
B
metres and it thus 10,000 times smaller than the size 2 2µ 0 4 4µ0 0
of atom.  E0 B 
Relation between the radius and mass number of the Q Erms = , Brms = 0 
  2 2
nucleus R = R0 A1/3
If m is the average mass of a nucleon and R is the 1
Moreover, E0 = cB0 and c 2 = , therefore
nuclear radius, then mass of nucleus = mA, where A is µ0 ε0
the mass number of the element. 1 1
4 uE = ε0 E02 = ε0 (cB0 )2
Volume of the nucleus, V = πR3 4 4
3 1 B2 1 2
4 uE = ε0 ⋅ 0 = B = uB
∴ V = π R0 A
3
( )
1/3 3
4 µ0 ε0 4µ0 0

4 5. (a)  We will increase the value of R. On heating

⇒ V = π R03 A a semiconductor, its resistance decreases with rise
3
in temperature. As the semiconductor, S is in series,
mA
Density of nuclear matter, ρ = so net resistance of the circuit also decreases. So by
V
increasing the value of R we can keep the resistance of
mA 3m
⇒ ρ= ⇒ ρ= circuit constant and hence the current in the circuit or
4 3 4 πR03
πR0 A the reading of ammeter A can be kept constant.
3
(b) Working of photodiode : A junction diode
This shows that the nuclear density is independent of A. made from light sensitive semiconductor is called
OR a photodiode. A photodiode is a p-n junction diode
Nuclear radius, R = R0A 1/3 arranged in reverse biasing.
where R0 is a constant and A is the mass number h

RAl (27)1/3 3
= =
RCu (64)1/3 4
A
4 4 p-side n-side
or RCu = × RAl = × 3.6 fm = 4.8 fm
3 3 R
16 –3
3. ni = 1.5 × 10 m ; no = 5 × 10 m 20 –3 The number of charge carriers increases when light of
suitable frequency is made to fall on the p-n junction,
ni2 (1.5 × 1016 m −3 )2 because new electron holes pairs are created by
Density = = 20 −3
= 4.5 × 1011 m −3
no 5 × 10 m absorbing the photons of suitable frequency. Intensity
of light controls the number of charge carriers. Due to
4. The speed of electromagnetic wave in a medium,
this property photodiodes are used to detect optical
1
v= signals.
µε V-I characteristics :
 mA   = 6563 Å
Current Balmer series lie in the visible region of electromagnetic
Reverse bias spectrum.
Voltage 8. (i) The wavefront will be spherical of increasing
I1 radius as shown in figure.
I2
A
I2 > I1

6. (i) The refractive index of the material of prism,

 A + δm 
sin  
µ=  2 
A
sin
2
Given : A = 60°, dm = 30°
sin 45° 1 (ii) When source is at the focus, the rays coming out
µ= = .2 ⇒ µ = 2 of the convex lens are parallel, so wavefront is plane as
sin 30° 2
shown in figure.
c c 3 × 108
Q µ= ⇒ v= = = 2.12 × 108 m s −1
v µ 1.414
1 1
(ii) sin iC = = 
µ 2 A

iC = r = 45° δm
A = r1 + r i r1 r
⇒ r1 = 15°
sin i
= 2 B C
sin r1 (iii)
B
( 3 − 1)
sin i = 2 sin 15° = × 2
2 2 A C
3 −1
sin i =
2
E
 
i = sin −1  3 − 1 
 2  OR
I max (a1 + a2 )2
7. For longest wavelength of Lyman series ni = 2 (a) We know, =
I min (a1 − a2 )2
1  1 1  3R
= R 2 − 2  = According to question, I2 = 50% of I1
λ max 1 2  4
I2 = 0.5I1;  a22 = 0.5 a12(Q I ∝ a2 )
4 4
λ max = = = 1.215 × 10−7 m a1
3R 3 × 1.097 × 10 7 a2 =
2
lmax = 1215 Å Hence,
The lines of the Lyman series are found in ultraviolet 2

region. I max (a1 + a1 / 2 )2 (1 + 1 / 2 )2  2 + 1 

= = = ≈ 34
For longest wavelength of Balmer series ni = 3 I min (a1 − a1 / 2 )2 (1 − 1 / 2 )2  2 − 1 
1 1 1 5 (b) The central fringes are white. On the either side
= R 2 − 2  = R
λ max  2 3  36 of the central white fringe the coloured bands (few
coloured maxima and minima) will appear. This is
36 36
lmax = = = 6.563 × 10–7 m because fringes of different colours overlap.
5R 5 × 1.097 × 107
9. For Balmer series, n1 = 2, n2 = 3 for 1st line and
n2 = 4 for second line.
1 1
−
λ1  22 42  3 / 16 3 36 27
= = = × =
λ 2  1 1  5 / 36 16 5 20
 2 − 2 
2 3
20 20 ∆V h
λ 2 = λ1 = × 6561 = 4860 Å (i) Slope of the line = = [Q eDV = hDu]
27 27 ∆υ e
10. Power of lens : It is the reciprocal of focal length of h
\ Slope of the line = i.e., it is a constant quantity
a lens. e
1 and does not depend on nature of metal surface.
P= (f is in metre) (ii) Intercept of graph 1 on the stopping potential axis
f
Work function (W ) hυ
Unit of power of lens : Dioptre = =− 0
A B
e e
\ Intercept of the line depends upon the stopping
function of the metal surface.
OR
P
O
v
I I1 Einstein’s photoelectric equation
1
v1 Kmax = mv2 = hu – f0 = hu – hu0...(i)
u 2
An object is placed at point O. The lens A produces an From eqn. (i)
image at I1 which serves as a virtual object for lens B hc
Kmax = – f0
which produces final image at I. λ
Given, the lenses are thin. The optical centres (P) of According to question,
the lenses A and B coincide with each other. hc
For lens A, we have Kmax = – f0 ...(ii)
λ1
1 1 1
− = …(i) hc
v1 u f1 2Kmax = – f0 ...(iii)
λ2
1 1 1
For lens B, we have − = …(ii) From eqn. (ii) and (iii),
v v1 f 2
 hc  hc
Adding equations (i) and (ii), 2  − φ0  = − φ0
 λ1  λ2
1 1 1 1
− = + …(iii)
v u f1 f 2 2hc hc 2 1 
f0 = − = hc  − 
If two lenses are considered as equivalent to a single λ1 λ 2  λ1 λ 2 
lens of focal length f, then
hc hc 2 1 
1 1 1 Also, f0 = \ = hc  − 
− = …(iv) λ0 λ0  λ1 λ 2 
v u f
1 2 λ 2 − λ1 λ1 λ 2
From equation (iii) and equation (iv), we can write or = ; λ0 =
λ0 λ1 λ 2 2 λ 2 − λ1
1 1 1
= + 12. (i) (b) : The wavelength of visible light is very
f f1 f 2
small, that is hardly shows diffraction, so it seems to
11. The graph showing the variation of stopping propagate in rectilinear path,
potential (V0) with the frequency of incident radiation (ii) (c) : Angular width of central maxima,
(u) for two different photosensitive materials having 2q = 2l/e.
work functions W1 and W2 (W1 > W2) is shown in Thus, q does not depend on screen i.e., distance
figure. between the slits and the screen.
(iii) (c) : The intensity distribution of single slit fo
diffraction pattern is shown in the figure. From the M=
fe
graph it is clear that the intensity of the central point is
finite but much larger than the surrounding maxima. \ It increases when focal length of eye piece decreases.
Intensity
(v) (a) : Width of central maxima = 2lD/e
width of other secondary maxima = lD/e
0 θ \ Width of central maxima : width of other secondary
(iv) (d) : Magnification power of telescope, maxima = 2 : 1