Republic of the Philippines

MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

2 Mayor Chanyungco St., Sta. Elena, Marikina City 1800
Tel. Nos. (02) 531-8199, (02) 369-7216

Alphabet of Lines
Presented by:
Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
• identify the different Line types in Alphabet of
🔍 Lines and its uses;
• draw an object by applying the various Line
📝 types in Alphabet of lines; and
• value the importance of Alphabet of Lines in
👩🏽‍🏫 creating technical drawings.
Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
LINE AND LINE WEIGHT
• Lines in technical drawings are
part of a specialized graphic
language that is standardized
throughout the industry.
• Lines significance is conveyed
by line weight or thickness of
the line.
Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
LINE AND LINE WEIGHT
• Line Weight is the thickness of
the line.
• In manual drafting, different
pen sizes allow the drafter to
give different line weights to
the lines in the drawing.

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
 What is Alphabet of Lines?

• Developed by the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers (ASME).
• Alphabet of Lines is used to make a drawing neater
and clearer to understand.
• Essential in both traditional drafting methods or
Computer-Aided Design (CAD).

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
 Different of Lines
and its uses

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
 3-Dimensional View
OBJECT OR VISIBLE LINES
• Visible Lines are the edges or
“outlines” of an object. They
are drawn as solid lines with a
thick/heavy weight.
2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
 3-Dimensional View
HIDDEN LINES
• Shows the outline of a feature
that cannot be seen in a
particular view.
2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
CONSTRUCTION LINES
• Construction Lines and
Guidelines are very light, easily
erased lines used to block in
the main layout.

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
 3-Dimensional View

CENTER LINES
• Thin line consisting of long and
short dashes.
2-Dimensional View
• Shows the center of holes, slots,
paths of rotation, and symmetrical
objects.

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
 3-Dimensional View

EXTENSION LINES
• Thin and dark lines used to
show the starting and ending of
dimensions.
2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
 3-Dimensional View
DIMENSION LINES
• Thin and dark lines used to
show the size (span) of an
object with a numeric value.
• Usually terminated with 2-Dimensional View
arrowheads or thick markings.

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
LEADER LINES
• Medium line with arrowhead to show notes or label
for size or special information about a feature

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
LEADER LINES

3-Dimensional View 2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
CUTTING-PLANE LINE
• Thick broken line that is terminated with short 90-degree
arrowheads which indicates the direction of the view.
• Used to show where a part is mentally cut in half to
better see the interior detail.

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
CUTTING-PLANE LINES

3-Dimensional View 2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
SECTION LINES
• Thin lines usually drawn at a
45-degree angle.
• Indicates the material that has
been cut through in a sectional
view.

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
SECTION LINES

3-Dimensional View 2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
PHANTOM LINES
• Long line followed by two short dashes. The Phantom
lines are used to show the:
• alternate position of moving parts
• relationship of parts that fits together
• repeated detail

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
PHANTOM LINES

3-Dimensional View 2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
BREAK LINES
• Medium line used to break out sections for clarity or
for shortening a part.
• Three types of break lines:
❑ Short Breaks
❑ Long Breaks
❑ Cylindrical Breaks
Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
SHORT BREAK LINES

3-Dimensional View 2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
LONG BREAK LINES

3-Dimensional View 2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs
CYLINDRICAL BREAK LINES

2-Dimensional View

Alphabet of Lines
Prepared by: Ms. Erika Joy M. Morga
Pre-Service Teacher, BTVTED IV-B DT M1 DT: Drafting Fundamentals and Theory Designs