Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sound, Music and Public Address System
Sound, Music and Public Address System
PART 1 - GENERAL
A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and special Conditions
(General requirements), apply to work of this section.
B. Basic electrical materials and methods, section 16050 applies to work of this section.
A. Work includes providing all materials, equipment, accessories, services and tests
necessary to complete and make ready for operation sound system in accordance with
Drawings and Specifications.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's data and installation instructions for system.
A. Guarantee equipment furnished under these specifications against defective parts and
workmanship under terms of the manufacturer's and dealer's standard warranties for a
period of not less than two years from date of initial start-up and consultant acceptance of
the system and include labor and travel time for necessary repairs at the job site.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
A. Provide a centralized background music system with paging and "Emergency" override
access to all public areas within the building. Paging to different areas shall be
accpmplished from two locations reception desk and the low current equipment room .
B. Work Included : work to include, but not limited to, the following items:
2. Provide the following equipment for the playback of source material into the
background music system:
3. Provide individual volum controls for each zone of speakers on each floor.
4. Provide individual sound equipment rock to all locations provided by its own
sound units indicated on the drawings.
2.2 PERFORMANCE
A. The system shall provide a minimum of 95% sentence intelligibility at all potential
listener locations.
D. The system shall be free from audible distortion, hum and noise. All switching shall be
inaudible.
E. The system shall be capable of producing the 90 + 3dB (A) overall sound levels with a
pink noise signal limited to the operating bandwidth of the system:
F. Alarm tone signals forming part of the emergency message shall meet a minimum level
of 65dB(A), or a minimum of 5dB(A) above any background noise level which exists or
is likely to occur for 30s or more, in accordance with BS 5839.
G. The levels shall be measured at 1.5m above floor level (1m above floor level inseating
areas) in all normally-accessible areas, using a sound level meter complying with IEC
651 Type 1 or 2, set to 'S' (slow) response and calibrated immediately before the
measurements shall be witnessed by the consltant, who shall be provided with a written
set of results.
A. A dedicated digital emergency message playback unit shall be provided. The unit shall
be designed for the replay of emergency and test messages only, commercial messages
shall not be replayed from the unit. The message unit shall be fully solid state, with no
moving parts.
B. The messages shall be recorded in non-volatile electronic memories using real (not
synthesized) speech. The recordings shall be made with a clear (preferably professional)
speaker using professional recording equipment in a recording studio or a room with a
controlled acoustic environment (noise 25dB(A), reverberation time < 0.5s from 200Hz -
10Hz). The message delivery speed shall be appropriate for the type of building
receiving the broadcasts (slow delivery for reverberant spaces).
i) "EVACUATE"
ii) system test.
E. The test message shall be: "PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM TEST. THIS IS A TEST OF
THE PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM. THIS IS A FUNCTIONAL TEST FOR SYSTEM
OPERATION,, LOUDSPEAKER COVERAGE, SIGNAL LEVEL AND SPEECH
INTELLIGIBILITY.
G. Messages shall use a Male voice, unaccented or with a light local accent.
H. The contractor shall submit, within the Tender, details of his standard messages for
approval.
I. Prior to installation of the equipment, the contractor shall provide a copy of each
recorded message for approval by the consultant. The copies shall be provided on a
standard compact cassette.
K. There shall be no user controls on the unit other than to start and stop the test message.
L. Erasure of any message shall be not be possible without the connection of external
components.
A. An electronic alarm tone generator shall be provided. The generator shall produce the
following signals:
B. The tone generator may be incorporated as a channel of the emergency message unit,
provided that the resultant signal in continuous. without aurally detectable interruption.
2.5 MICROPHONES
A. The microphone shall be a rugged, handheld dynamic unit, or the close-talk, noise-
cancelling, unidirectional type. The microphone shall have an integral "push to talk"
button, a mounting bracket and a non-detachable, heavy-duty coiled cable, overall
extended length between 1500mm and 2000mm. A volume control shall not be fitted to
the microphone.
C. The microphone and microphone panel shall be installed in the Security Console in the
low current equipment room
D. Remote controls for the emergency message unit shall be provided as an integrated part of
the Fire Alarm and Detection System.
E. System status indicator(s) shall be provided on the microphone panel. In the event of a
system failure affecting the emergency message unit critical signal path of amber LEDs
annotated "EMERGENCY MESSAGE UNIT FAIL" shall illuminate. Similarly, in the
event of a system failure affecting the fire microphone, a pair of amber LEDs annotated
"MICROPHONE FAIL" shall illuminate.
A. A zoned paging microphone console(s) shall be provided. The console shall comprise a
high quality microphone, mounted on a slim tube or goose-neck with a stable, non-
microphonic base.
B. The microphone shall have a cardioid directional response and a frequency response
within + 3dB from 25Hz to 10kHz.
C. The base unit shall be designed for flush-mounting into the Security Console and shall be
finished to the approval of the Owner's Authorized Representative.
iii) a row of latching switches for selection of zones receiving background music.
viii) A "Busy" indicator lamp or LED associated with each zone. This indicator shall
be illuminated when another signal (excluding background music) is being
broadcast into a pre-selected zone or zones
xi) a green LED annotated "PA AVAILABLE" which shall be illuminated when be
system is available for use
i) silently mute any lower priority signal which is being broadcast through the
selected zone(s)
ii) illuminate "BUSY" indicators on the other consoles for the pre-selected zone(s)
iii) activate a pre-announcement tone of pleasing character, and activate the chime
indicator at the panel.
A. An industry standard sockets (female XLR-3 or standard 1/4" jack) shall be provided for
the insertion of external test sources. A gain control, with a graduated scale, shall be
provided for adjustment of the input level. Zone selector switches shall be provided.
A. An interface to the fire alarm system shall be provided, as detailed in the Fire Detection
and Alarms Section of this Specification.
B. The Fire and sound System shall be fully integrated to provide the functions required by
this Specification. Upon initiation of an alarm the system shall broadcast messages as
detailed in the Fire Detection and Alarm Section of this Specification.
A A standard "19 inch" racks, as detailed in BS 5954, shall be provided to house the central
equipment. The work "rack" as used throughout this Specification refers to a single rack
or a system of multiple rack, as necessary. The rack shall be located in the low current
equipment room.
B. The rack shall be steel construction, and shall be finished in a color to the approval of the
Engineer.
F. Equipment shall be installed within the rack in a logical (signal path) sequence.
Notwithstanding this requirement, equipment requiring routing operation (e.g. switch and
monitor panels) shall be located at a convenient working height. Equipment requiring
internal access during commissioning and/or routine testing shall preferably be installed
on rack runners. The equipment shall remain fully operational when extended on the
runners.
G. Items requiring routine operation shall, where practicable, be installed within the same
cabinet.
I. An internal mains power (220V) distribution system shall be provided. Each termination
shall be labelled with the equipment item served.
K. A mains power indicator light shall be provided on a mains panel at the bottom the rack.
L. The mains panel shall include a standard socket outlet for test equipment, etc. This socket
shall be independent of the rack power switch and shall be annotated accordingly, i.e.
"UNSWITCHED".
M. The rack shall be fitted with a transparent or translucent (smoked) lockable door.
N. Contact details for the equipment supplier (name, address, telephone and fax/telex
numbers) shall be provided on a permanent nameplate affixed in a prominent position on
the rack.
2.10 PRE-AMPLIFIERS
B. Each channel except tone generator channel(s) shall be provided with minimum 2-band
equalization and a gain control.
C. Pre-amplifier gain controls for all inputs except background music and management
microphone inputs shall be of the internal or lockable pre-set type, to prevent inadvertent
adjustment .
B. Filters shall be 1/3 octave band, at ISO center frequencies. covering a range of at least
40Hz - 16KHz. with a filter level range of + 12dB.
C. Power "ON/OFF" (with associated indicator), equalization bypass and overall gain
controls shall be provided.
D. The equalizers shall be "fail-safe",. i.e. the signal path shall automatically bypass the
equalizer in the event of failure of power to the unit.
A. Compact single output or modular power amplifiers shall be provided. The amplifiers
shall be sized to provide the specified loudspeaker output and area sound levels, with
adequate headroom, allowing for appropriate diversity of loudspeaker tappings and
loudspeaker line losses.
B. No more than 2 amplifier or module output ratings shall be provided, (e.g. 120W and
240W), to facilitate interchange ability.
C. The amplifiers shall be fully protected against short and open circuits and shall include
protection against damage to loudspeakers. Fuses (preferably front panel mounted) shall
be clearly labelled with rating and type.
E. Gain controls shall be internal or lockable preset type, preferably with stepped
attenuation in 2dB steps.
F. Each amplifier shall be clearly labelled with the loudspeaker zone(s) served. (For parallel
bank amplification, the labelling shall indicate the amplifier number).
The unit shall be a metal microphone desk of latest design. It shall incorporated the
following:
The microphone head shall be of rugged construction and shall be specially designed to
provide excellent paging. It shall have at least the following specification :-
Type : Dynamic
Polar pattern : Directional
Frequency range : 100 - 1000 Hz.
Front to rear ratio : Greater than 15 dB.
Sensitivity : 0.15 MV/UBar.
Upon pressing of either a zone call push-button or all zone call push-button, chime shall
sound and upon completion of the chime sound the microphone shall be switched on and
a MIC LIVE lamp shall light indicating that operator can call or page. Upon completing
of announcement operator shall press a button completing of the announcement operate
shall press a button which will automatically sound the chime and puts the system OFF.
A. A monitor panel shall be provided to monitor the output of each amplifier. An amplifier
selector switch, integral loudspeaker and calibrated loudspeaker gain control shall be
provided.
B. The output of the monitor loudspeaker shall be muted when a microphone in the same
room is in use.
C. Visual monitoring with a visual meter shall be provided on the monitor panel.
2.15 SYSTEM SECURITY
A. INTENT
The system shall be designed and installed such that there is full security of the complete
signal paths.
MVP RIYADH HOTEL
SOUND, MUSIC AND PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Date: MAR., 2008. Rev. : 1 16790 - 8
AHC Co.
i) All components of the signal path from the microphone capsule and the message
unit/tone generator(s) to the primary transformer tappings of each loudspeaker
shall be automatically and continuously monitored, with local annunciation of
any failure.
ii) No failure of a single power amplifier or single loudspeaker line shall result in
total loss of coverage witching the area served(i.e. at least two amplifiers and
lines shall serve each area).
iii) A standby battery supply shall be provided, fully in accordance with BS 5839.
This shall serve the emergency and high priority equipment only.
B. SYSTEM SURVEILLANCE
All components of the signal paths from the microphone capsule and the message
unit/tone generator(s) to the primary transformer tappings of all loudspeakers, defined as
the "critical signal paths", shall be automatically and continuously monitored.
Surveillance shall be in segments, enabling fast identification of the fault location, e.g.
input stages, routing, signal processors, amplifiers, loudspeaker lines.
Failure of any pre-amplifier witching a critical signal path shall result in the automatic
substitution of a spare pre-amplifier. Alternatively a spare pre-amplifier shall be
provided in the rack, with either:
ii) Simple physical substitution which can be carried out by non-specialist site
personnel without the use of any special tool.
If manual substitution is provided, then both (a) a unique alarm indication, clearly
identified in the system manual, shall identify the faulty unit and (b) the manual shall
give clear instructions as to the corrective action needed, including the appropriate gain
and equalization settings.
Failure of any signal processor or other central component within a critical signal path
shall result in either:
ii) automatic bypass; the bypass route shall have the same overall gain as the main
route, to avoid any change in output signal level.
Alternatively, manual switching to the bypass route shall be provided with either:
ii) Simple physical substitution which can be carried out by non-specialist site
personnel without the use of any special tool.
If manual substitution is provided, then both (a) a unique alarm indication, clearly
identified in the system manual, shall identify the faulty unit and (b) the manual shall give
clear instructions as to the corrective action needed.
Failure of any amplifier within a critical signal path shall result in the automatic
substitution of a spare amplifier if the amplifiers are installed on the parallel bank
principle. Unless the amplifiers are wired in parallel, 1 spare amplifier shall be provided
for not more than every 10 operational amplifiers.
C. FAULT WARNING
Audible and visible fault warnings shall be provided for failure or disconnection of:
vi) any loudspeaker line short circuit, open circuit, or earth leakage
A fault condition which results in the complete loss of a critical signal path (e.g. the
failure of a component and also of its standby component or loss of both normal and
standby power supplies) shall illuminate a alarm system failure indicator on the
microphone panel.
ii. individual visible warnings, namely a pair of yellow indicator light or LED, for
each monitored component or system failure, individually annotated accordingly.
ii. a single visible warning, namely a pair of yellow indicator lights or LEDs,
annotated "VOICE FAULT".
MVP RIYADH HOTEL
SOUND, MUSIC AND PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Date: MAR., 2008. Rev. : 1 16790 - 10
AHC Co.
The audible warning shall be a miniature, panel mounted solid state sounder which shall
produce a sound level, at the normal operator location, at least 5dB(A) above any
background noise which exists, or is likely to occur for 30s or more, and in any case not
less than 70 dB(A).
The specified output level for the rack sounder shall apply with the rack door closed.
The major energy content of the sounder shall be in the frequency region between 55 Hz
and 3.5 kHz.
The sounder shall have a warble (sweeping frequency) characteristic, with a sweep rate
between 3Hz and 9Hz.
During commissioning, the Contractor shall ensure that the sounder is aurally
distinguishable from all other local audible alarms, and shall inform the consultant if there
is any possibility of operator confusion between two similar warning signals.
The occurrence for a second fault, and of further faults, shall reactivate the audible
warning and the flashing visible warnings
The steady visible warnings shall be extinguished by repair of the fault condition
followed by depression of the reset button at the rack.
Depression of the lamp test button at the rack shall illuminate all the visible warning
indicators and activate the audible warning(s).
2.16 LOUDSPEAKERS
A. DISTRIBUTED LOUDSPEAKERS
Distributed ceiling loudspeakers shall be provided where shown on the drawing, "Ceiling
baffle loudspeaker".
Distributed loudspeakers shall be high quality cone units with a cone diameter between
125mm and 205mm.
Ceiling loudspeakers shall be fitted with a circular baffle plate for mounting in a
suspended ceiling. Fixings shall be concealed. A sample loudspeaker shall be submitted
to the Engineer for approval.
iii) rated power input 6 watt rms (with tapping 1.5 ,3 & 6 watt)
B. COLUMN LOUDSPEAKERS
iii) rated power input > 10 watt rms (with tapping 2.5, 5 & 10 watt) or 20 watt rms
with tapping (5, 10 & 20 watt) Unless otherwise indicated in the drawings
iv) nominal coverage angle at 1Khz,-6dB ( Horizontal/ Vertical) more than 160/30
C. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
The colors and finishes of all loudspeakers shall be approved by the consultant.
D. LOUDSPEAKER INTERCONNECTIONS
All loudspeakers shall be supplied with high quality audio transformers. The transformers
shall have a minimum of 3 secondary tappings, with a ratio of at least 4:1 between the
highest and the lowest tappings (6dB power factor). tappings shall be clearly labelled
with the wattages.
Any revision of the loudspeaker layout shall be subject to approval by the consultant.
The volume controls are intended for use in combination with loudspeaker lines.
For volume control of groups of loudspeaker in the public areas, the power handling capacity of
the volume control must be chosen in accordance with the power and number of the loudspeakers
in the group.
Volume control may be achieved in seven steps with a switch corresponding 0, -3, -6, -9, -12, -
18,db and off. Provisions should be to allow emergency spoken announcement always at full
volume regardless of the position of the volume control.
A. A rack mounted heavy duty double autoreverse cassette desk units shall be provided for
replay of background music.
B. The player shall accept standard compact cassettes and shall provide at least 8 hours
continuous replay without repeat, using standard album length cassettes.
A. A non-abrasive cassette unit head cleaning cassette shall be provided. instructions for
cleaning of cassette units shall be included within the system manual.
A. A rack mounted compact disc (CD) player shall be provided for intensive professional
use with constant, day-long operation
i) CD with capacity of 5 CD
iv) visible display of track number and of total playing time on the inserted disc.
C. The CD player shall include a cartridge for pre-loading of 5 compact discs, with random
track selection facilities .
A. The following minimum technical information shall be supplied with the Tender:
i) a list of all proposed equipment items, with technical data sheets or other
documentary evidence to show that each item will met the requirements of the
Specification
B. The Contractor shall supply the following minimum technical information prior to the
manufacture or delivery of any equipment:
i) drawings of the racks plus drawings of panels as appropriate, e.g. input panels,
alarm panels
iii) Specifications for all cables to be installed by the Contractor, together with full
wiring drawings showing the duty, type, rout, protection, separation and
termination requirements for each cable, including full details of back box
requirements. Power supply requirements shall also be shown
2.23 SPARES
A. An appropriate set of spares shall be provided, including consumable and modular items
which can be swiftly replaced by on-site maintenance staff, and to protect the user from
to effects of components going out of production.
A. The contractor shall arrange for works inspection of the central equipment rack and
remote panels. The contractor shall advise the consultant when the equipment has been
fully works tested and is ready for pre-delivery inspection. Temporary circuits shall be
connected, as necessary, to enable complete testing of all audio paths, zoning,priority
switching, alarm and confirm circuits.
A. After compiling with the procedures set out in the preliminaries, the contractor shall carry
out full tests on the contract works to demonstrate that the works meet the requirements
of the contract documents.
B. The contractor shall allow a minimum of 2 ( 8 hour ) days for demonstration of the
equipment and attendance, plus:
C. The contractor shall arrange for all or part of the above work to be carried out outside
normal working hours as may be required and shall include for all costs in so doing.
D. The contractor shall have available at commissioning the following electro-acoustic test
equipment:
1. sound level meter and calibrator, compiling with BS 5969 (IEC 651) Type 1 or 2
2. 1/3 octave band spectrum analyses (minimum range 40HZ - 16KHz at ISO center
frequencies, display resolution increment not more than 2dB)
8. amplifier for use with (3), and sufficient loudspeakers to produce a noise level
within 5dB of the overall area signal level(s) for each area containing an ambient
noise sensing transducer. The noise level shall be uniform throughout the area to
2dB of the mean, measured 1.5m above the floor.
E. If required by the consultant ( in the event of apparent non- compliance of the installed
system with the specification), the contractor shall provide precision test equipment for
verification of voltage, impedance, power, frequency response, phase response, single-to-
noise ratio, total harmonic distortion and RASTI.
A. RESPONSIBILITIES
The contractor shall be responsible for the supply and installation of all input and outlet
panels and for all terminations.
MVP RIYADH HOTEL
SOUND, MUSIC AND PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Date: MAR., 2008. Rev. : 1 16790 - 15
AHC Co.
All conduit, trunking, back boxes and cables shall be supplied by and installation by the
contractor. The contractor shall take complete responsibility for compliance with BS
5839,BS 6259, IEE regulations and local by-laws, and for the operation and performance
of the system, including wiring.
B. CABLES
All wiring shall be in fire resistant insulated copper sheathed cable with a low smoke
fume and oversheath, colored red to BS 6207, minimum conductor area 1.5mm²
All cables shall be have a unique reference number, and shall be clearly and permanently
labelled at each end.
Loudspeaker cables shall be sized to ensure not more than 0.5dB power loss, assuming an
additional future power load of at least +10% on each circuit.
In-line connections shall be limited to the absolute minimum practicable. Any such joints
shall be within suitable steel junction boxes.
Connection to equipment racks shall be via marshalling boxes, The boxes shall be fitted
with fixed terminal strips, which shall be permanently annotated with unique circuit
reference numbers. Final connections between the marshalling boxes and the racks shall
be via suitable flexible cables of sufficient length to gain working access to the rear of the
racks.
Internal rack connections shall be either hard-wired or via professional type audio
connectors, preferably of the latching type.
A. All equipment supplied shall be immune from and shall not radiate signals exceeding the
limits of BS 800 and BS 6667.
C. Cables shall be segregated from all other cables by at least 300mm in any direction as far
as practical . Cables shall only cross at right angles.
D. The installation of equipment shall be fully coordinated with the building fabrics and
finishes, in a manner approved by the consultant.
E. The method of fixing and the mounting height of flush and surface mounted equipment
shall be approved by the consultant.
F. The method of connecting incoming and outgoing cables shall be approved by the
Owner's Authorized Representative.
G. All equipment shall be fixed true and level to the surfaces on which it is mounted with a
tolerance of +/- 0.5mm.
MVP RIYADH HOTEL
SOUND, MUSIC AND PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Date: MAR., 2008. Rev. : 1 16790 - 16
AHC Co.
A. Power supplies shall normally be obtained from the 380/220V 50Hz, single or
three-phase mains supply with a back-up from an automatically connected
battery powered standby supply in case of mains supply failure.
B. The mains supply shall be obtained from the generated backed distribution board
in the Main Security Room, via a suitable circuit-breaker dedicated for that
purpose and which is lockable, colored red and labelled "SOUND SYSTEM
SUPPLY DO NOT SWITCH OFF"
C. A fault alarm shall be raised if the battery voltage falls below 84% of the nominal
specified voltage.
D. Upon restoration of the mains supply following an interruption, the power supply
shall automatically revert to normal operation.
2.28.2 BATTERIES
B. The batteries used shall be of the sealed valve regulated lead-acid type
complying with BS 6290. The outer container shall be made of acid resistant high
impact strength ABS plastic. The electrodes shall be of high purity lead
separated by a gel electrolyte enabling full recombination of gases evolved
during charging. An automatic safety valve shall be provided.
C. The battery system shall have a storage capacity sufficient to maintain the system
for 72 hours in the standby mode and to supply the full load for r30 minutes.
A. Battery chargers shall be suitable for operation from 380/220V 50Hz, single or
three-phase systems as required.
B. The battery charger shall be of the automatic two-rate constant voltage type
operating on the float charging principle. The charger shall be designed to
compensate for variations in ambient temperature in accordance with this
Specification. Provision shall be made for a boost charge, under manual control,
at a current sufficient to fully recharge a completely discharged battery in not
more than 24 hours.
C. The battery charger shall have a monitoring system which will raise an alarm in
the event of a battery and or charger fault or malfunction.
D. The monitoring system shall raise an alarm if the battery voltage falls to 84% of
its nominal value and if the voltage falls to 80% of the nominal value the battery
shall be automatically disconnected.
E. The transformer shall be double wound with and earthed metallic screen between
primary and secondary windings, and shall be wound for the specified voltage,
rating and supply system frequency.
MVP RIYADH HOTEL
SOUND, MUSIC AND PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Date: MAR., 2008. Rev. : 1 16790 - 17
AHC Co.
2.28.4 ENCLOSURES
A. Each battery and its charger shall be housed in a substantial steel cabinet with the
battery in a separate compartment.
B. Cabinets with a total installed weight not exceeding 25kg may be wall mounted,
otherwise the cabinet shall comprise a free standing floor mounted cubicle, with
eyebolts screwed into the frame for lifting purposes.
C. The contractor shall check that the wall and/or floor supporting the cabinet or
cubicle is adequate for the purpose. Enclosures for control panels requiring
additional protection in hazardous locations shall be arranged so that visibility of
indicators and control devices complies with the relevant standard.
E. The interior surfaces of the battery compartment shall be treated with an acid and
alkali resisting finish.
F. Access to the enclosures shall be via an easily accessible door with adequate
space for replacement of batteries and any other parts of the charger. Doors shall
be double hinged and stiffened to ensure adequate rigidity.
G. The batteries and charger components shall be arranged for ease of access and
any maintenance required.
2.28.5 WORKMANSHIP
A. The installation of power supply equipment, shall be fully coordinated with the
control panels, building fabrics and finishes provided by others, in an acceptable
manner.
B. The method of fixing and the mounting height of flush and surface mounted
power supply units, shall be properly coordinated with the fabrics and finishes.
C. Provision shall be made for the entry and termination of incoming and outgoing
cables, allowing ease of connection and cable bending radii not be less than
specified.
D. All power supply units shall be fixed true an level to the surfaces on which they
are mounted with a tolerance of +0.5mm.
MVP RIYADH HOTEL
SOUND, MUSIC AND PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Date: MAR., 2008. Rev. : 1 16790 - 18
AHC Co.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 INSPECTION
A. Examine areas and conditions under which sound system are to be installed and notify in
writing of conditions detrimental to proper completion of the work. Do not proceed with
the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.