Typical Limiting Values of Sub Station Electrical Equipments.

1. Transformer / Reactor:
Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
Transformer oil    
a) BDV    
600 kV (Gap – 2.5 mm) –
-At the time of first charging
Minimum IS – 1866
-During O&M 50 kV (Gap – 2.5 mm) – Minimum IS – 1867
b) Moisture content   IS – 1868
A) -At the time of first charging 15 PPM (Max.) IS – 1869
-During O&M 25 PPM (Max.) IS – 1870
c) Resistivity at 90 degree C 0.1-1012 Ohm-CM (Min.) IS – 1871
d) Acidity 0.2 mg KOH/gm (Max.) IS – 1872
e) IFT at 27 degree C 0.018 N/M (Min.) IS – 1873
f) Tan delta at 90 degree C 0.20 (Max.) IS – 1874
g) Flash point 126 Deg. C (Min.) IS – 1875
Vibration level for reactors 200 Microns (Peak to Peak) IS – 1876
B)
  60 Microns (Average) IS – 1877
C) Tan delta for bushing at 20 Deg. C 0.007* IEC – 137
D) Capacitance for bushing + 5% variation IEC – 138
1000 M-Ohm By 5.0/10.0 kV IEC – 139
E) IR value for winding
Megger
Tan delta for windings at 20 Deg. 0.007* IEEE/C57.12.90.1980
F)
C
G) Contact resistance of bushing 10 M. Ohm / Connector NGC.UK Recommendations
 terminal connectors
H) Turret Neutral CT ratio errors 39 IS – 2705

 2. Circuit Breakers 

Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
Dew point values as per Annexure
A) Dew point of SF6 gas
– II  
B) Dew point of operating air -45 Deg. C at ATM. Pressure  
CB Operating timings 400 kV               220KV  
a) Closing time (Max.) 150 MS              200MS  
b) Trip time (Max.) 25 MS                35MS  
c) Close/trip time, Pole
C)
discrepancy    
– Phase to Phase (Max.) 3.33 MS            3.33MS  
-Break to break (Max.) of same
phase 2.5 MS              2.5MS  
D) PIR time    
Manufacturers
BHEL make
12-16 MS Recommendations
     
Manufacturers
ABB make
8-12 MS Recommendations
Manufacturers
NGEF make
8-12 MS Recommendations
Manufacturers
M&G make
8-12 MS Recommendations
TELK make 8-12 MS Manufacturers
 Recommendations
Manufacturers
ABB make (HVDC)
8-12 MS Recommendations
PIR opening time prior to opening
E) of main contacts (ABB, CGL, Manufacturers
NGEF make CBs) 5 MS (Min.) at rated pressure Recommendations
Pir and main contacts overlap time
F) [BHEL, M&G, ABB (imported) Manufacturers
make CBs] 6 MS (Min.) at rated pressure Recommendations
G) Tan delta of grading capacitors 0.007 at 20 Deg. C  
Within + 10% / -5% of the rated
H) Capacitance of grading capacitors
value IEC 359
I) Contact resistance of CB 150 M. Ohm  
Contact resistance of CB terminal
J)
connector 10 M. Ohm per connector NGC, UK recommendations
IR value:    
1000 M Ohm (Min.) by 5.0 / 10.0
1. Phase – earth
kV Megger  
K) 1000 M Ohm (Min.) by 5.0/10.0
2. Across open contacts
kV Megger  
50 M Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV
3. Control cables
Megger  
Pressure switch settings    
-SF6 gas pressure switches Within + 0.1 Bar of set value  
L)
-Operating air pr. Switches Within + 0.1 Bar of set value  
-Operating oil pr. Switches Within + 0.1 Bar of set value  
BDV of oil used for MOCB    
M) -At the time of filling 40 kV at 2.5 mm Gap (Min.) Mfgs. Recommendation
-During O&M 20 kV at 2.5 mm Gap. (Min.) Mfgs. Recommendation
 3. Current Transformer
Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
IR value    
1000 M – Ohm (Min.) by 5.0/10.0
1. Primary – earth
kV Megger  
A) 50 M – Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV
2. Secondary – earth
Megger  
50 M-Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV
3. Control cables
Megger  
B) Tan delta value 0.007* at 20 Deg. C  
NGC, UK
C) Terminal Connector
10 M-Ohm per connector Recommendations
D) CT ratio errors + 3% -Protection cores IS – 2705
D) CT ratio errors + 1% -Metering cores IS – 2706

 4. Capacitive Voltage

Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
A) Tan Delta 0.007* at 20 Deg. C  
Within +10%/-5% of the rated
B) Capacitance
value IEC – 358
Contact resistance of terminal NGC, UK
C
connector 10 M-Ohm per connector Recommendations
D) IR Value IR Value  
1000 M – Ohm (Min.) by 5.0/10.0
1. Primary – earth
kV Megger  
2. Secondary – earth 50 M – Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV  
 Megger
50 M-Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV
3. Control cables
Megger  
EMU tank oil parameters EMU tank oil parameters  
a) BDV (Min.) 30 kV (Gap. –2.5 mm) IS – 1866
b) Moisture content (Max.) 35 ppm -do-
c) Resistivity at 90 Deg. C 0.1 – 1012 Ohm. – CM -do-
E)
d) Acidity 0.5 mg kOH /gm (Max.) -do-
e) IFT at 27 Deg. C 0.018 N/M (Min.) -do-
f) Tan delta at 90 Deg. C 1.0 Max. -do-
g) Flash point 125 Deg. C (Min.) -do-
F) CVT voltage ratio errors + 5% protection cores IEEE/C93.1.1990
F) CVT voltage ratio errors + 0.5% metering cores IEC 186

 5. Isolators
Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
A) Contact resistance 300 M-Ohm. (Max.)  
Contact resistance of terminal NGC, UK
B)
connector 10 M – Ohm per connector Recommendations
IR value    
1000 M – Ohm (Min.) by 5.0/10.0 NGC, UK
1. Phase – earth
kV Megger Recommendations
C) 1000 M – Ohm (Min.) by 5.0/10.0 NGC, UK
2. Across open contacts
kV Megger Recommendations
50 M-Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV
3. Control cables
Megger  
 6. Surge Arrester
Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
A) Leakage current 500 M-Amp. (Resistive) Hitachi, Japan Recom.
B) IR value 1000 M-Ohm. (Min.) Hitachi, Japan Recom.

 7. Miscellaneous
Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
A) Station earth resistance 1.0 Ohm (Max.)  
Thermo vision scanning    
Temp. up to 15 Deg. C (above
ambient) Normal  
B) Temp. above 15-50 Deg. C (above
ambient) Alert  
Temp. above 50 Deg. C (above
ambient) To be immediately attended  
Terminal connectors – Contact HGC, UK
C)
resistance 10 M-Ohm per connector Recommendations
IR values    
50 M-Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV
1. All electrical motors
Megger  
50 M-Ohm (Min) by 0.5 kV
D) 2. Control cables
Megger  
3. Lt. Transformers 100 M.-Ohm (Min.) by Megger  
100 M – Ohm (Min.) by 0.5 kV
4. Lt. Switchgears
Megger  
 8. Batteries
Sr. No. Equipment / test data Permissible limits Reference
A) Terminal connector resistance 10 M – Ohm + 20% ANSI/IEEE – 450 1989
B) Specific gravity 1200 + 5 GM/L at 27 Deg. C  

 Temperature Correction Factor for Tan Delta Measurement

 Sr. No.  Oil temperature Deg. C  Correction factor(K)
 1  10  0.8
 2  15  0.9
 3  20  1.0
 4  25  1.12
 5  30  1.25
 6  35  1.40
 7  40  1.55
 8  45  1.75
 9  50  1.95
 10  55  2.18
 11  60  2.42
 12  65  2.70
 13  70  3.00

If Tan Delta of bushing/winding/CVT/CT is measured at oil temperature T Deg. C. Then Tan Delta at 20 Deg. C shall be as given
below:

Tan Delta at 20 Deg. C = Tan Delta at Temp T Deg. C / Factor K.

Dew Point Limits for SF6 Gas in EHV Circuit Breakers
Sr. No Make of C.B Dew point at  Corresponding dew point
rated Pr. Deg. C at Atmospheric .Pr.  Remarks
1 BHEL   -15  -36  At the time of commissioning
 -7  -29  During O&M
 -5  -27  Critical
2 M&G  –  -39  At the time of commissioning
   -32  During O&M
3 CGL  -15  -35  At the time of commissioning
 -10  -31  During O&M
4 ABB  -15  -35  At the time of commissioning
 -5  -26 During O&M
5 NGEF  -15  -36 At the time of commissioning
 -7  -29  During O&M

 Note: Dew point of SF6 gas varies with pressure at which measurement is carried out. So it is to be ensured that if measurement is
done at pressure other than atmospheric pressure, it needs to be converted to the atmospheric pressure.
Cable Glands
 A device designed to permit the entry of cable in to electrical equipment which provide sealing ,retention and earthing, bonding, grounding, insulation, strain
relief or combination of all these.
 Gland should maintain overall integrity of enclosure in to which it is to be fitted.

Gland Selection
 Gland should be selected on following Points
1. Type of Cable
2. Gland Size
3. Entry Type/Thread Specification of application
4. Ingress Protection required.
5. Material
 Type of Cable:
 Unarmored: Unarmored Cable will require outer seal within Gland to not only Provide ingress protection but also degree of retention.
 Armored: Gland that required clamping mechanism to terminate the armored both mechanically and electrically.
 The Gland will usually be required to provide ingress protection by sealing outer sheath and retention by clamping amour.

Type of Glands:
1. Brass Indoor Type Gland
2. Brass Outdoor Type Gland
3. Brass Straitening Unarmored Cable Gland
4. Brass Weather Proof Gland
5. PG Threaded Gland:
6. Industrial Type Gland
1)    Brass Indoor Type Gland
 This Gland is quite handy in use with various types of cable whether plastic, rubberized, metal or any other.
 Application: Dry indoor, for use with all type of SWA cables, plastic or rubber sheathed cable.
 Brass indoor gland suitable for single wire armored, plastic or rubber sheathed cable. Recommended to use with shroud for additional ingress protection.

 Cable Type: Steel Wire Amour.

 Amour Clamping: Two Part Amour Lock.
2)      Brass Outdoor Type Gland
 This come in stunning high quality material for use in outdoor or indoor application with various types of cables sheathed or unsheathed.
 Brass indoor and outdoor gland popularly used with single wire armored.
 Plastic or rubber sheathed cable. Terminates and secure cable armoring and outer seal grips sheath of cable thus ensuring mechanical strength and earth
continuity.
 CW brass glands are also supplied with integral earth facilities.
 Recommended to use PVC shroud for additional ingress protection

 Application: 
 a)     Outdoor or indoor, for use with all type of SWA cables, plastic or rubber sheathed cable.
 b)    Most suitable for SWA, plastic of rubber (Elastomeric) sheathed cables.
 c)     Used in dry indoor conditions.
 d)    No loose parts and easy to install.
 e)     Save times & money.
 Gland size: 20 mm to 75 mm (S & L)
 Accessories :Earth Tag, PVC Shroud, Neo prime Rubber & LSF Rubber, PVC Washer, Brass Lock Nut.
 Cable Type: Wire Braid Armor.
 Armor Clamping: Three Parts (With Lock Nut).

(3) Brass Straitening Unarmored Cable Gland

 Nickel plated or natural brass A2 type cable glands are used with variety of unarmored or rubber sheathed cables.
 Brass indoor and outdoor cable gland suitable for all types of unarmored cables, plastic or rubber sheathed cables.

 
 Application:
1. For use with unarmored elastomeric and plastic insulated cables. 
2. Indoor & Outdoor whenever it is required to provide sealing on cable outer sheath.
 Size  : Metric – 20mm to 75mm (S/L)
 Accessories: Earth Tag, PVC Shroud, Neo prime Rubber & LSF Rubber, PVC Washer, Brass Lock Nut.
 Cable Type : Unarmored

4)    Brass Weather Proof Gland

 Unlike other types of cable glands, This type cable gland is used precisely with single armored various types of swa cables whether plastic or rubber sheathed
ones. this type cable gland is known for its uninterrupted services once the gland is fixed to the desired wires and wire components.
 Suitable for SWA or rubber sheathed cables.
 Outer seal grips bedding layer of cable for use in most climatic conditions.
 Weather proof and water proof.
 Design has separate armor lock rings. Can be supplied with integral earth facility.
 Gland size: 20 mm to 75 mm (S & L)

         
 Application :
1. Outdoor or indoor, for use with single armored, all type of SWA cable, plastic or rubber sheathed cable.
2. E1W Gland is Weatherproof & Waterproof Cable Gland
 Cable Type :  Steel Wire Armour
 Armour Clamping: Three Part Armour Lock
 Sealing Technique: Compression & Displacement Type
 Sealing Area(s): Inner & Outer Sheath

5)    PG Threaded Gland:

 Nickel chrome plated PG threaded cable gland is a custom made threaded gland to meet the needs from the meet industries. Apart from the round headed PG
threaded cable gland, we also offer hexagonal gland or any other like spherical rectangular or any other dimensional PG threaded cable gland as per the
specification of the customer.

 
6)      Industrial Cable Gland:
 Brass gland suitable for wire braid armored, plastic or rubber sheathed cable. Terminates and secure cable armoring and outer seal grips sheath of cable thus
ensuring mechanical strength and earth continuity.
  Recommended to use PVC shroud for additional ingress protection

 
 
 Cable Type: Wire Braid Armour
 Armour Clamping : Three Part (With Lock Nut)
 Sealing Technique: Compression Type.
 Brass gland suitable for steel tape armored, plastic or rubber sheathed cables. Terminates and secure cable armoring and outer seal grips sheath of cable
thus ensuring mechanical strength and earth continuity.
 Recommended to use PVC shroud for additional ingress protection
 Cable Type : Steel Tape Armour
 Armour Clamping : Three Part (With Lock Nut)
 Sealing Technique: Compression Type.

 What is difference between Single Compression and Double Compression?

 Double compression glands provide extra support to the heavy armored cables entering or exiting the panel while single compression glands are used for light
armored cables.
 Normal Cable Gland is also called Single Compression Cable Gland. As the name suggests, while you tighten the gland, the grip or compression is effected
only at one p [lace (i.e.) at the cable armour only. There is scope for moisture and corrosive vapour to enter the gland and thus into the cable.
 Whereas in Double-Compression Gland, the compression happens both at the cable armour as well as at the inner sheath. This is sort of two sealing. Hence,
chances of moisture or vapour entry are minimised. Hence these glands are also known as Weather-proof cable glands or Flame-proof cable glands.
 The basic difference between single and double compression
1)    Parts of Double comp
 Gland body
 Gland body Nut
  Cone
 Cone Ring
  Neopen Rubber seal.
  Rubber Washer
  Check Nut.
2)    Single Comp Parts
  Gland body
 Gland body Nut
 Neopen Rubber seal.
 Rubber Washer
 Check Nut
 Flat washer
 The Basic difference between Single and Double Comp is in Single comp there no cone and cone ring.
 The mechanical support for the cable is only Neopen rubber seal, When u tighting the cable.
 In double camp gland the mechanical support to the cable only cone and cone ring. When doing glanding the cable armor sits on the cone and cone ring act as
a lock for armor.
 Single compression and double compression glands are used on the basis of area classification. Those who are affiliated with oil and gas sector they will
easily understand about area classification.
 In zone 0 where the presence of hydrocarbon is obvious (IIC) double compression gland is used because the flame path in case of double compression gland
is much more than in case of single compression gland.
 The logic behind this is that if there is any explosion inside the terminal box of the motor no flame should be able to come out through the cable gland in order
to prevent fire hazards but where there is no presence of hydrocarbons i.e. no danger of fire hazards (IIA/ IIB) single compression glands are used.
 It has nothing to do with mechanical strength. Even in case of lighting fixtures used in IIC zone double compression glands are used.
 
    
  Gland Selection Table:

600 / 1000v stranded copper conductors pvc insulated with steel wire amour and PVC sheathed overall. (BS 6346 : 1997)

Cable Size
Numbers of Cores
Conductor

Nom.
Area Neutral 1 2 3 31/2 4 5 7 10 12 19 27 37 48
(mm2)

1.5 - - 16 16 - 20S 20S 20S 20 20 25 25 32 32

2.5 - - 20S 20S - 20S 20S 20 25 25 25 32 32 40

4 - - 20S 20 - 20 20 25 25 25 32 40 - -

6 - - 20 20 - 20 - - - - - - - -

10 - - 25 25 - 25 - - - - - - - -

16 - - 25 25 - 25 - - - - - - - -

25 16 - 25 32 32 32 - - - - - - - -

35 16 - 32 32 32 40 - - - - - - - -

50 25 25 32 32 32 40 - - - - - - - -

70 35 25 32 40 40 40 - - - - - - - -

95 50 25 40 40 50S 50S - - - - - - - -
 120 70 32 40 50S 50 50 - - - - - - - -

150 70 32 50S 50 50 63S - - - - - - - -

185 95 32 50 50 63S 63 - - - - - - - -

240 120 40 50 63S 63 75S - - - - - - - -

300 150 40 63S 63 75S 75 - - - - - - - -

300 185 40 63 63 75 75 - - - - - - - -

400 185 50S 63 75S 75 75 - - - - - - - -

500 - 50 - - - - - - - - - - - -

630 - 50 - - - - - - - - - - - -

800 - 63S - - - - - - - - - - - -

1000 - 63 - - - - - - - - - - - -

                             

                             

                             

600 / 1000v stranded copper conductors xlpe/swa/pvc cable and PVC sheathed overall.  (BS 5467 : 1989)

Cable Size
Numbers of Cores
Conductor

Nom.
Area Neutral 1 2 3 31/2 4 5 7 10 12 19 27 37 48
(mm2)
1.5 - - 20S 20S - 20S 20S 20S 20 25 25 32 32 32

2.5 - - 20S 20S - 20S 20S 20 25 25 32 32 40 40

4 - - 20S 20S - 20 20 25 25 25 32 40 40 50S

6 - - 20 20 - 20 - - - - - - - -

10 - - 20 25 - 25 - - - - - - - -

16 - - 25 25 - 25 - - - - - - - -

25 16 - 25 32 32 32 - - - - - - - -

35 16 - 32 32 32 32 - - - - - - - -

50 25 25 25 32 32 32 - - - - - - - -

70 35 25 32 32 40 40 - - - - - - - -

95 50 25 32 40 50S 50S - - - - - - - -

120 70 32 40 40 50 50 - - - - - - - -

150 70 32 40 50S 50 50 - - - - - - - -

185 95 32 50S 50 63S 63S - - - - - - - -

240 120 40 50 63S 63 63 - - - - - - - -

300 150 40 63S 63 75S 75S - - - - - - - -

300 185 40 63S 63 75S 75 - - - - - - - -

400 185 50S 63S 75S 75 75 - - - - - - - -

500 - 50 - - - - - - - - - - - -
 630 - 50 - - - - - - - - - - - -

800 - 63S - - - - - - - - - - - -

1000 - 63 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Single Compression Heavy Duty as per IS12943

Cable Overload Diameter (mm)  

From To Nipple Thread in (mm)

9.0 12.0 16 x 1.5

12.0 15.0 16 x 1.5

12.0 15.0 20 x 1.5

15.0 18.0 20 x 1.5

16.0 20.0 25 x 1.5

20.0 24.0 25 x 1.5

24.0 28.0 32 x 1.5

28.0 32.0 40 x 1.5

33.0 37.0 40 x 1.5

37.5 42.0 50 x 1.5

43.0 48.0 50 x 1.5

 49.0 54.0 63 x 1.5

55.0 60.0 63 x 1.5

61.0 66.0 75 x 1.5

67.0 72.0 75 x 1.5

73.0 78.0 82 x 1.5

79.0 84.0 90 x 1.5

84.5 92.0 100 x 1.5

93.0 100.0 110 x 1.5

101.0 115.0 125 x 1.5

ARMOUR CABLE (Single Compression Medium Duty)

Cable Overload Diameter (mm)  

From To Nipple Thread in (mm)

6.0 9.0 3/8″

9.0 12.0 1/2″

12.0 14.0 5/8″

14.0 16.0 3/4″

16.0 18.0 7/8″

 18.0 21.5 1″

21.5 26.0 1 1/8″

26.0 31.0 1 1/4″

31.0 34.0 1 3/8″

34.0 38.0 1 1/2″

38.0 42.0 1 3/4″

42.0 48.0 2″

48.0 54.0 2 1/4″

54.0 60.0 2 1/2″

60.0 66.0 2 3/4″

66.0 72.0 3″

72.0 78.0 3 1/4″

78.0 84.0 3 1/2″

84.0 92.0 4″

UN-ARMOUR CABLE (Double Compression Medium Duty)

Cable Overload Diameter (mm)  

From To Nipple Thread Size

5.0 11.0 3/4″

11.0 14.0 3/4″

14.1 18.0 1″

18.1 20.0 1″

20.1 23.0 28 mm

23.1 26.0 1 1/4″

26.1 30.0 1 1/2″

30.1 33.0 1 1/2″

33.1 36.0 42 mm

36.1 41.0 2″

41.1 44.0 2″

44.1 52.0 2 1/2″

52.1 55.0 2 1/2″

55.1 60.0 70 mm

60.1 66.0 3″

66.1 75.0 3 1/4″

75.0 80.0 3 1/2″

81.0 90.0 4″
 90.0 100.0 4 1/2″

ARMOUR CABLE (Double Compression Medium Duty)

Cable Overload Diameter (mm)  

From To Nipple Thread Size

6.0 12.0 3/4″

12.0 16.5 3/4″

16.5 18.5 3/4″

16.5 18.5 1″

18.5 20.0 1″

18.5 20.0 3/4″

20.0 23.0 1″

23.0 26.0 1″

23.0 26.0 1 1/4″

26.0 30.0 1 1/4″

26.0 30.0 1 1/2″

30.0 33.0 1 1/2″

30.0 33.0 1 1/4″

33.0 37.0 1 1/2″

37.0 41.0 2″

41.0 46.0 2″

46.0 52.0 2″

46.0 52.0 2 1/2″

52.0 54.0 2 1/2″

54.0 61.0 2 1/2″

61.0 66.0 3″

66.0 72.0 3″

72.0 78.0 3 1/4″

78.0 84.0 3 1/2″

84.0 94.0 4″

94.0 104.0 4 1/2″