CHAPTER 5: REVOUITIONIZING HUMAN LIFE
continuous electricity supply, Alessandro Volta
BREAKTHROUGH IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• As key drivers to modern change, science and
technology significantly impact not only
economies but health systems, industries,
infrastructures and even the educational
systems.
• 21st century breakthrough such those
pertaining to biotechnology, information
communication technology (ICT), nano
technology have transformed practices and
lives of people across the globe.
PRINTING PRESS
• German Johannes Gutenberg developed this
machine in 1439. This device allows ink made of
linseed oil and soot to be transferred on a piece
of paper which includes images and characters.
• This permitted the multiple publications of
books and writings which facilitated the spread
of information.
ELECTRICITY
• These phenomena drove the developments
largely for the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries specifically for residential and
industrial use.
• Electricity powered innovations in
transportation, communications and computer
technologies.
• These phenomena drove the developments
largely for the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries specifically for residential and
industrial use.
• Electricity powered innovations in
transportation, communications and computer
technologies.
ELECTRIC BATTERY
• This is a device made of electrochemical cells
and provides electricity to power electrical
devices.
• Developed around 1800s when people have no
was the first to use zinc and silver discs, which
produces, sparks to operate devices.
STEAM ENGINE
• This was invented by James Watt around 1763 -
1775.
• This machine can power factories, trains and
even ships that were used significantly during
the Industrial Revolution.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
• This was invented by an Etienne Lenoir, an
Engineer around 1859.
• Nikolaus Otto from Germany further enhanced
this machine around 1876.
• This engine can convert mechanical energy for
use in modern.
TELEGRAPH
• This is a device developed by Samuel Morse
(1791-1872).
• It was used to communicate through the Morse
code.
• Invented around 1830-1840, this device
revolutionized long distance communication.
• This is a code, which assigned a set of dashes
and dots to every letter of the English alphabet
to transmit complex messages across telegraph
lines.
TELEPHONE
• Invented by Alexander Graham Bell around
1876, this device facilitated electronic voice
transmission.
• Bell called the first telephone an 'electrical
speech machine.
VACCINATION
• This is a means to eliminate diseases and help
in extending human lifespan.
• In 1796, Edward Jenner developed the first
vaccine against smallpox.
• Louis Pasteur improved the practice of
developing vaccines in 1885.
• From his name came the process of
pasteurization.
• These curbed deaths caused by life-threatening
illnesses and greatly reduced mortality rate.
AUTOMOBILE
• Karl Benz in 1885 created. the first practical
motorcar after developing a gasoline-powered
two-stroke piston engine in 1873.
• The manufacturing of this motorized vehicle did
not only change how humans travel.
• It initiated the concept of an assembly line in
factories.
• This invention revolutionized mobility as this
development permitted faster transport from
one point to another of not only humans but
also products and services.
AIRPLANE
• In 1903, the Wright brothers, Wilbur and
Orville, invented the first successful airplane.
• Travel to great distances has become quick and
swift using this 'flying machine'.
• Through this invention, human flight became
possible and literally shrank the planet as it
allowed covering thousands of miles in matters
of minutes and hours.
PENICILLIN
• A great contribution to the field of medicine
and wellness, this was discovered by Alexander
Fleming in 1928.
• The purpose of this drug is to cure bacterial
diseases, Penicillin came from the fungus
penicillium which was later purified and
developed into a very efficient drug against
bacterial infections.
NUCLEAR FISSION
• This is a process developed by Otto Hahn and
Fritz Stassmann, both Germans.
• This process splits atoms, which consequently
produces enormous energy.
• This development brought forth the rise of
nuclear reactors and atomic bombs.
SEMICONDUCTORS
• This creation laid the foundation of 'Silicon
Valley.
• These electronic devices were largely made of
silicon and semiconductor devices.
• It was in 1947 that John Bardeen, Walter
Brattain and William Shockley developed the
first device made out of silicon.
SATELLITE
• A satellite is an object launched onto space and
orbits the earth.
• The earliest was launched around 1960s into
space from Russia.
• 'Sputnik' was considered the first artificial
satellite that lifted off on October 4, 1957.
• The United States (US) also launched its first
artificial satellite 'Explorer' on January 31, 1958.
These satellite technologies allow instant
communication in almost all areas of this
planet.
PERSONAL COMPUTER
•  The Integrated Computer Systems developed
around 1968 and by 1970s, the features of
these machines greatly expanded human
capabilities.
• It was in the 1983 that these personal
computers were used in office work. Pioneer
companies like Apple, Microsoft and IBM have
refined the specifications and capacity of these
machines.
THE INTERNET • Saving time and returning investments through
mass production of goods and services have
• The World Wide Web formed an
become very feasible for most of those who
interconnected network of computers since the
venture in investing resources.
1970s when Fiber Optics which was coined as
early as 1956. • The fast delivery of services has become an
edge for every company that has the resources
• This fiber was made of ultrapure glass that
to mass-produce.
transmits light used for telecommunication.
Consequently around 1989, the World Wide TECHNOLOGY GUARANTEES INCREASED
Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee PRODUCTIVITY
through the "hypertext markup language"
• Technology had a major impact in the modern
(HTML) for creating Web pages as well as the
workplace as it revolutionized the method by
"Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) to identify
which businesses conduct daily activities.
the location to which the data are stored.
• The automation of tasks resulted in over-all
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
efficiency in production. Even small and
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are now able
human intelligence in machines. to create a workforce that is more efficient and
innovative with technologies.
• These Als are programmed to think like
humans. TECHNOLOGY FACILITATES GREATER
COLLABORATION AMONG WORKERS
• They can also mimic or imitate human actions
and movements. • Business success requires collaboration among
The term Al can be applied to any machine its workforce.
exhibiting traits associated with a human mind
• Utilizing group messaging and team chats
which includes cognitive functions such as
allows greater exchange of ideas among
learning and problem-solving.
workers.
CHAPTER 6: IMPACT TO LIFE: THE PROS AND CONS
• Technology allows the use of greater innovative
OF TECHNOLOGY
venues to bring workers together to collaborate
THE BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGICAL and find solutions to problems and even create
ADVANCEMENTS new products.
• The use of technology and science in human life TECHNOLOGY SIMPLIFIES BUSINESS OPERATIONS
has significantly impacted the realm of
• Technologies enable businesses to manage
business, education, industry, work and almost
their inflow and outflow in simplified ways.
all areas of living.
• There are software and programs that are
• Let us explore the benefits and advantages
efficient for bookkeeping and auditing
technological advancements in the varied
purposes.
aspects of life.
• Accounting systems are now automated which
TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS
are more precise and instant.
• Technology has created products and services,
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES BUSINESS DATABASE
which allows competitive advantage for
AND FILE MANAGEMENT
enterprises.
• Technologies enable more efficient organizing
and securing of customer and business files.
• This can be very essential to keeping company
credibility and integrity while enabling easy and
authorized access.
ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN
COMMUNICATION
• Communication is essential in all human tasks
on a daily basis.
• The exchange of ideas, securing of information
and expression of feelings are facilitated by
instantaneous and real-time communication.
TECHNOLOGY SUPPORTS PRODUCTIVE
RELATIONSHIPS
• Emails and other messaging tools help keep
with significant people demanding immediate
performance us in touch of tasks.
• These communication tools facilitate efficient
workflow, instant decision making as well as
delivery of services.
TECHNOLOGY CHANGES THE MARKETING
PLATFORM
• Any consumer who wants to avail products and
services is directed onto website URLs (Uniform
Resource Locator).
• This rapid development made innovations in
marketing strategies custom-tailored to fit the
needs of consumers who are equipped with
mobile devices.
TECHNOLOGY INCREASES GLOBAL ACTIVITY
 The development of a macro-system of
interconnected networks through the World
Wide Web is a result of greater information
resources, which are accessible to almost every
netizen around the world.
GLOBALIZATION
• This is how we refer to the World' at this time
and this is how information technology has
made a single interdependent system.
• The globalized world began to share
homogeneity in the midst of differences in
language, history, culture, economy amongst all
other aspects.
• A global point of view has been set to create an
atmosphere of business and at the same time
diplomatic ties.
TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
• The healthcare industry is greatly benefiting
from the advances in technology entirely meant
for patient care and increasing lifespan.
TECHNOLOGY KEEPS EFFICIENT PATIENT RECORDS
• Since most healthcare professionals use hand-
held devices to outdated keep real-time patient
data also known as Electronic Health Records
(EHRS) to replace outdated paper records.
• These records are used to check, monitor and
share patient medical record and history.
• All of these patient data are secured in a
centralized area for use in researches on
medical breakthroughs.
TECHNOLOGY FACILITATES BETTER WAYS TO
FIGHT DISEASES
• The continuous increase in population requires
improved strategies to develop treatment
plans, conduct medical researches, and monitor
health epidemics efficiently meet the increased
demands on the healthcare system.
• These developments introduced the use of
surgical robots assisting humans in the
operating room.
TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION
• 3D printing is considered very helpful in
replicating specific organs, which prepares
surgeons in the actual procedure.
• Surgeons can now work on 3D printed models TECHNOLOGY SUPPORTS SPECIAL EDUCATION
to simulate different operation approaches
• People with disabilities are provided assistive
before conducting actual surgery.
technology (AT) to accomplish school tasks that
TECHNOLOGY FOR EDUCATION are difficult to perform due to their disability.
• Technologies used in the school system help • Advancement in technology like iPads, learning
enrich the learning environment of students. Applications (Apps) helps Children with Autism
(CWA) to communicate efficiently; deaf
• While it aims to improve academic
students can easily express themselves through
performance through resources educational
mobile text messaging; those with visual
technologies also prepares learners to engage
impairment read texts through computer-
in research, design, evaluation and use of
generated voice from their computers.
concepts in varied subjects and courses.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGY MOTIVATES GREATER LEARNING
ADVANCEMENTS
• Technology applied in education encourages
• Technology has changed the human life and
and engages through sights and sounds which
function Technology has its downsides, as
enhances individual learning through
human lives have been technology-infused
gamification.
through time.
TECHNOLOGY MAKES TEACHING AND LEARNING
• It has sapped humans of scarce time and
PAPERLESS
attention due to lack of healthy technology
• Grading applications are available in mobile habits.
devices like those for iPad.
TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS
• These grading programs have completely
• The integration of technological resources in
changed the way teachers evaluate test and
business comes with a price. It is expensive and
examinations in varied subjects.
high-maintenance.
TECHNOLOGY FACILITATES ONLINE LEARNING
• In addition technology makes business data
• Technology facilitates interactive education insecure, as records are stored in a centralized
through learning applications that students remote database.
enjoy.
• Hackers lurk everywhere in search for ways to
• It opened institutional boundaries, which challenge 'firewalls.
permitted employment abroad through
• This is the case of mo businesses, which fall
education that meets international standards.
prey to online theft. Breaches in security an
• Learning can now happen online through highly probable as hackers are evolving along
Learning Management Systems (LMS) and with technology and security systems are
platforms which promote individual and team outdated.
learning.
TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION
• Using the Internet, desktops, laptops and
• This imbalance is a result of communication
mobile devices, students can now access virtual
among teams using devices that are deficient of
learning environments. Collaboration among
tone, emotion and empathy Younger
students is possible through interactive
discussions.
 employees have not only lost their ability to
convers spontaneously.
• Serious social difficulties and a low social well-
being arise as these young workers have too
little time interacting with co-workers in the
same room because of technology-centric work
culture.
TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
• Although educational technologies have
contributed much to the creation of meaningful
learning environments, the same have posed
significant problems to users.
• For one, these technologies have created
distraction among learners.
• Smartphones and other mobile devices have
enormously distracted students through
entertainment and social media platforms.
TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN HEALTH
• Prolonged use of computers, tablets, and
mobile devices result to digital eye strain. Its
symptoms include blurred vision, dry eyes,
migraine or headaches, neck and back pain
which can persist in varying degrees.
• Exposure to technological devices can also
result to sleep problems in different ways
because activities related to the use of mobile
devices can highly stimulate brain activity.
CHAPTER 7: ETHICAL ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
ADVANCEMENTS: THE MORAL DILEMMA
• Scientific researches and advances have posed
as a double edged sword involving ethical and
moral dilemmas due to interference with the
natural order of things.
• These advancements have posed fundamental
questions as to whether these can help or pose
a threat to humanity.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR AI
• Technology has created products and services,
which allows competitive advantage for
enterprises.
• Saving time and returning investments through
mass production of goods and services have
become very feasible for most of those who
venture in investing resources.
• The fast delivery of services has become an
edge for every company that has the resources
to mass-produce.
The most recent Al development includes ability to
perceive analyze, process languages, logic, and
decide.
• Privacy is a question posed, as privacy is an
essential and basic element included in human
right.
• One has the right to have control of
information relevant to one's self. It is,
however, revealed that Artificial Intelligences
can impinge on this basic human right by
overriding the digital sphere.
• This is highly possible as we currently have a
digital life. Through Al there is a surveillance of
massive user data, which are targeted for
marketing and advertising groups, amongst
others.
• Profiling and searching for specific individuals
is highly possible in the Internet, which offers a
'vast ocean of data'.
FAKE TECHNOLOGY
• Deep fake is a piece of media which was
manipulated to replace one's face with
another. Deep fakes are highly modified Al
technologies that can be
• Used to alter and even create images or digital
photos, videos and even audio recordings.
• This ability created by artificial intelligence can
fabricate believable texts, images and video
materials that can be used as evidence and
thereby implicate innocent entities.
AUTOMATION OF WORK
• It true that Al and robotics can result to
increase in production Mass production is
highly probable which can guarantee return of
investments among businesses.
• However, it is good workers as such
productivity means reliance on machines and
longer on human ingenuity. Automation
replaced human muscle, which eventually
resulted to loss in employment.
• Likewise, increase production and supply
products but evident decrease in human
income and purchasing power.
• Physical traits can be changed through this
process, which can create certain color or
remove risk of diseases. This is made through
the cutting of DNA on specific spots to make
the changes, add, the trait of the organism.
• This is the treatment involved in therapies to
help prevent or treat diseases such as in the
case of those with a history of diabetes and
even cancer. 2009 genome-editing tool known
as CRISPR was developed to make the gene
editing process easier and cost effective but
highly accurate.
• This powerful tool allowed scientists to
perform the process of altering DNA sequences
in a shorter period. A tool described as a 'pair of
molecular scissors which is precise and quick to
edit and modify genes.
• The dilemma with these powerful tools has to
do with the controversy as to humanity's right
to behave and play God! This process also
brings out the issue as to the creation of
Designer Babies.
• This has to do with the feasibility of developing
human babies with edited genes. Such may
involve the creation of babies that are not only
physically stronger but also intellectually
superior.
• However, it may improve quality of life in the
face of unknown side effects. This is an
unchartered area being explored by scientists,
which poses a threat to what is natural.
• This may be in defiance of the natural order of
life with the intervention in the genetic makeup
of living organisms.
COLONIZING SPACE
• The exploding population in all countries across
the globe, environmental degradation, global
warming, viruses and all other forms of issues
surrounding human life in this planet resulted
to the drive to find another haven for
humanity.
• Some have thought of moving in another place
outside of this planet where human can thrive
safely. Mars had been considered as a potential
planet, which humans can colonize in the near
future as resources are said to be present in
this body.
• The dilemma is whether survival in the said
planet is 100% guaranteed. The resources spent
and will be spent on this is immense brings into
question the feasibility of this ambitious
innovation.
CHAPTER 8: THE AGE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• Information is a processed data with a
meaning. It is organized and has a useful
interpretation of data.
• On the other hand technology has to do with
tools, machines, and systems to apply change in
a human-made environment.
• This implies that information technology (IT) is
the transmission of information requiring the
use of systems specifically computers, and
telecommunications, for storing, retrieving and
sending information.
• The 21st century is characterized by the USER INTERFACES
application of advancement in information
• User interface has undergone a introduction of
technology, which has become an integral part
touch screen.
of human life.
• The touch screen capability has revolutionized
• The Information Technology Association of
way end users interact with application Touch
America defined Information Technology as
screen enables the user to directly interact with
"the study, design, development, application,
what is displayed and removes any
implementation, support or management of
intermediate hand-held device like the mouse.
computer-based information systems.
ANALYTICS
DEVELOPMENTS INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) • In area of data analytics, predictive analytics
and social analytics, it is notable how analytics
• The advancement and application of
is used. Hence, data analytics can be used to
Information Communication Technology (ICT)
support decision-making process as it converts
changing.
raw data into meaningful information.
• It evident this that every organization and
• On the other hand, predictive analytics is used
enterprise needs efficient systems carry out
to forecast events based on current and
daily tasks.
historical information while social media
• Computer network that secured and analytics as a tool is for companies to
competently connected is requirement carry understand and accommodate customer needs
out productive operations. and requirements.
CLOUD COMPUTING • The field of information technology has shown
great advancement leading to immense
• Cloud computing provides benefits to its users
changes in the last decade. Hence, from the
such that reduces the IT infrastructure cost of
emerging trend, it is stated that analytics has a
the company; it promotes the concept of
great impact on business to serve their
virtualization which enables server and storage
customers well.
device be used within the organization and
finally, allows the maintenance of software and THE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT OF INFORMATION
hardware a easier as no installation is required. TECHNOLOGY
MOBILE APPLICATION • The past decades have shown the grandiose
revolution in the realm of computing and
• A trend within information technology is the
communications. All indications show that
use of mobile applications which are actually
technology and the use of information
software applications on smart phones,
technology will continue to progress.
androids and the like.
• The increase in the acquisition and of new
• Mobile application or mobile app is a complete
information technologies is brought about by
success since its introduction in the commercial
the declining cost of communications as result
market. Apps are designed to run on
of rapid technological innovations and
smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices.
increased competitiveness of networks and
• They are also available for download from companies mass producing hand held devices.
selected mobile operating systems.
• Electronic commerce E-commerce is one of the and size of players and the way in which players
most notable developments in the Internet. is a compete on international markets.
new way of conducting business through the
• Digitized goods also known as electric goods or
World Wide Web where buyers and sellers
e-goods include e-books, digital images, music
meet and do business.
files, software, manuals are electronically
THE RISE OF E-COMMERCE stored. These files can cross borders in real
time and consumers can shop 24 hours a day,
• Information technology defies time and space
seven days a week and in the midst of stiff
which directly affects the exertion of effort as
market competition, firms are searching for
reduces travel time and distance. Varied
strategies to be competitive online by
industries have realized that workers may not
improving their online shops' User Interface
necessarily come from single location such as
(UI) as well as User Experience (UX).
working an office-based environment.
REMOTE WORK
• For instance the establishment of BPOS or
Business Process Outsourcing companies, which • Computers and communication technologies
are found the Philippines, India, Cambodia, complement the traditional telephones.
Singapore, Thailand and many other countries
• It is a way to allow individuals to communicate
across the globe. Firms opted to hire their
with one another in ways that do not require
workers and outsource them from other
f2f interaction
countries specifically Asia where salary rate a
lot more affordable. • These technologies utilize communication
infrastructures that are both global and up
• Reseller and white label companies from US,
24/7.
United Kingdom and Australia hire home-based
or remote web developers as well as digital • Interaction between superiors and
marketing specialists from the Philippines. They subordinates will become stiff because of
work on either a day or night shift to comply control issues raised by the use of
with the schedule of foreign clients. computerized monitoring systems such as the
software Time Doctor which records every
• Notably, firms can now outsource their
worker online, but on the other hand, the use
manufacturing to other nations such as in the
of e-mail will lower the barriers to
case of industrial and economic zones
communications across different status levels,
operating in the Philippines and rely on
resulting in more uninhibited communications
telecommunications to keep production,
between supervisor and subordinates.
distribution and marketing attuned.
• Through these developments in the nature of
• This has demanded an influx of workers with
job brought by information technology working
specific skills.
from home, telecommuting and working
• Thus, technology has even refined division of remote has remarkably reduced everyday
labor and accurate coordination entirely expenses and burnout considering that multiple
through computer networks and jobs are available on flexible schedules.
communication technologies,
DISTANCE EDUCATION
• The open and global nature of e-commerce is
• Advancements in information technology have
likely to increase market size and change
brought about the development of CAI or
market structure, in terms of both the number
 computer-assisted-instruction. The same will
complement traditional classroom instruction.
• The teacher as the trainer and mentor
motivates, encourages, evaluates and helps in
the learning of students.
• Though there is a need for face to face (127),
the integration of information technology
improves productivity and enriches the learning
experience of students Developing solutions to
the given problems largely operates through
technology utilized in schools through virtual
learning environments, simulations which are
available on the Internet and offers much
convenience.
• E-mail, drop boxes, learning software, Learning
Management Systems (LMS) and mobile
applications simplify the learning process.
• These educational technologies vastly simplify
collaboration between students and teachers
and even between students themselves who
are engaged in group workloads.
• Text can be combined with audio, images and
videos utilized through real time real time
interactions through Skype, face time, Zoom,
Facebook-Messenger and other platforms.
CYBER CRIMES
• The increase in content presented in a digital
form results in easier and cheaper duplication
and distribution of information.
• This is the case of book contents being copy-
pasted and even image properties which can
easily be posted on the Internet.
• These can all be exposed online and be utilized
by any individual for whatever intent they have.
This evidently violates intellectual property
rights which is an issue being raised against the
wide use of information technology. It can
reduce the incentives of creators, writers,
authors, distributors and publishers alike.