PhD in Psychology

Page | 1

A SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH PAPER

PRESENTED TO THE
FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
OF AMACC GENERAL TRIAS CAVITE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

OF THE SUBJECT INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION

March 26, 2022

 Abstract

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Title : How does Lack of Sleep Affect Our Mental Health?

Researchers : Lord George Bigornia

Degree working for : Doctorate

Name of Institution : Cavite State University

Adviser :

ABSTRACT

Sleep and mental health are inextricably linked. Lack of sleep affects your mental state and
health. Also, people with mental health problems are more likely to suffer from insomnia and
other sleep disorders. Lack of sleep can make a big difference in your mood. It can cause
nervousness and anger and reduce your ability to cope with stress. Studies show that sleep-
deprived people have increased negative mood (anger, frustration, irritability, sadness) and
decreased positive mood. And insomnia is often a symptom of mood disorders such as
depression and anxiety. It also increases your risk and can even contribute to the development of
mood disorders. Sleep disorders are a wide range of problems with many factors, from lifestyle
and environmental factors to psychosocial and medicinal effects. Sleep is important for most
major physiological processes, so sleep disorders can have short-term and long-term adverse
health effects in otherwise healthy individuals and individuals with underlying illness. Very
expensive. In healthy people, short-term results include increased stress response. Pain;
depression; fear; cognitive, memory, and performance impairment. In adolescents and children,
sleep disorders can lead to poor school performance and behavioral problems.

5 Foreign literature
How Does Sleep Affect Mental Health?

Page | 3
By Kendra Cherry Updated on February 24, 2020

Medically reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW

The Relationship Between Sleep and Mental Health

It’s no secret that sleep plays an important role in good physical and mental health. Sleep
deprivation can leave you feeling irritable and exhausted in the short-term, but it can also have
serious long-term health consequences as well. Lack of sleep is linked to a number of
unfavorable health consequences including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and dproblems.1

Some psychiatric conditions can cause sleep problems, and sleep disturbances can also
exacerbate the symptoms of many mental conditions including depression, anxiety, and bipolar
disorder.

Research suggests that the relationship between sleep and mental health is complex. While sleep
has long been known to be a consequence of many psychiatric conditions, more recent views
suggest that sleep can also play a causal role in both the development and maintenance of
different mental health problems.1

In other words, sleep problems can lead to changes in mental health, but mental health conditions
can also worsen problems with sleep. Lack of sleep may trigger the onset of certain
psychological conditions, although researchers are not completely certain of the underlying
reasons for this. Because of this circular relationship between your sleep patterns and your
mental state, it is important to talk to your doctor if you are having problems falling or staying
asleep

Page | 4

https://www.verywellmind.com/how-sleep-affects-mental-health-4783067

Sleep for the brain is like gas for a car. When the tank is full we get where we need to be. But as
time goes on, the gauge falls lower and lower until the gas is gone and the car stops. Without the
fuel it needs, the car is useless.

Our brains operate in a similar way. The only difference is the brain’s fuel is sleep. Without
proper sleep, our minds begin to slow, unable to operate at their full potential. This happens until
the mind becomes so deprived of the rest it needs, it breaks down. And without the commander-
in-chief acting accordingly, the rest of the body pays the price.

In this guide, we are going to deep dive into the complex relationship between sleep and mental
health, including how these two aspects of health are inversely related, the consequences of sleep
deprivation on the mind, and the link between sleep disorders and mental health disorders

https://www.pcpcc.org/resource/sleep-and-mental-health-why-our-brains-need-sleep
Why Not Getting Enough Sleep Could Be Harming Your Mental Health Why Not Getting
Enough Sleep Could Be Harming Your Mental Health Page | 5

Studies have shown a conclusive link between sleep and mental illness. Here’s how the experts
say they are linked, what you can do to help ensure you are practicing good sleep hygiene, and
how to seek help.

Article by:

Megan McIntyre

Ask pretty much anyone about the quality of their sleep and you’re likely to get a negative
response. Sleep issues are something most people deal with at one time or another—in fact, it’s
estimated that about 50 percent of adults experience occasional bouts of insomnia, while one in
10 suffer from chronic insomnia.

Trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or awakening too early can impact everything from your
mood to your concentration to your motor functions and have even been linked to larger health
problems like high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

https://www.psycom.net/sleep-and-mental-health
Sleep research is steadily establishing itself as an important field, and scientists have been trying
to unravel the mystery of sleep for quite some time now. It is believed that having enough sleep Page | 6
helps us to deal with adversity and demands in our busy lives. Sleep is, in many regards, a built-
in biological source of the ability to bounce back and be resilient. And while the connection
between sleep and mental health is not fully understood, many scientists and researchers believe
that a good night’s sleep helps foster emotional and mental resilience. Sleep deprivation sets the
stage for depression, negative thinking, emotional vulnerability, and anxiety.

A lot of Americans are sleep deprived, with over 25 million people suffering from obstructive
sleep apnea. Those with psychiatric conditions are even more prone to be groggy or yawning
during the day. Studies suggest that sleep problems are particularly common in people living
with depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,
OCD, and schizophrenia.

Until recently, psychiatrists and other clinicians who specialized in the treatment of mental
disorders have thought that sleeping disorders were a symptom of mental illnesses. However,
recent studies in both children and adults have shown that chronic sleep disruption is actually a
cause for the development of some psychiatric disorders. What’s more, sleep problems
associated with these mental health disorders make it even more challenging to experience the
benefits of treatment and properly manage the symptoms.

For a better understanding of these latest findings, we’ll show you what the connection between
sleep and mental health disorders is.

Connection Between Sleep and Mental Health Disorders

Poor sleep is both a cause and a symptom of mental illnesses. Sleep deprivation may contribute
to both the development and the prolongation of a mental health disorder by making it more
difficult to benefit from the treatment.
https://www.rtor.org/2019/09/25/sleep-deprivation/

Page | 7

I can’t stress this enough: part of managing your mental health includes getting enough sleep.
I’ve written about this here before: in my career I’ve seen how poor sleep can lead to suicidal
thoughts, memory issues, even weight gain.

According to an article by Harvard Medical School, 50 to 80 percent of patients in psychiatric

care have chronic sleep problems, compared to 10 to 18 percent of American adults without
mental health issues.

The trouble is, sleep problems can be a vicious cycle. “Sleep deprivation affects your
psychological state and mental health,” the article reads. “And those with mental health problems
are more likely to have insomnia or other sleep disorders,” such as people with anxiety,
depression, bipolar disorder and ADHD.

Clinicians used to treat sleep problems as a symptom of mental illness, but in my career–
especially when treating teens–I have seen how sleep deprivation can exacerbate symptoms of
mental illness.
 Page | 8
The Harvard article quoted a 1989 study where those who reported a history of insomnia were
“four times as likely to develop major depression by the time of a second interview three years
later.” Another fascinating anecdote? Two more studies–one of 300 pairs of young twins and
another of more than 1,000 teens–reported that sleep problems cropped up before depression did.

Treating sleep disorders can begin to alleviate certain symptoms of mental illness. My next blog
post will talk about more practical tips to get better sleep, but if you’re having trouble turning
your brain off at night because of persistent negative thoughts, please contact me. Let’s do what
we can to get you sleeping better at night!

https://www.hopementalhealth.com/blog/how-poor-sleep-affects-your-mental-health

5 Local Literature

Manila, Philippines – According to the 2016 Healthy Living Index Survey, Filipinos have one of
the highest rates of sleep deprivation in Asia; 46% of Filipinos do not get enough sleep while
32% said they sleep for less than six hours. This mirrors a lifestyle challenge that urbanites
worldwide are grappling with.
https://www.philips.com.ph/a-w/about/news/archive/standard/news/press/2017/philips-raises-
awareness-of-obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-the-philippines.html#:~:text=Manila%2C
%20Philippines%20%E2%80%93%20According%20to%20the,urbanites%20worldwide%20are
%20grappling%20with
Page | 9

Feeling sleepy and tired when it’s just 9 o’clock in the morning? Maybe, it’s because you sleep
insufficiently or sleep-deprived. The question now is, “Why do we sleep and how much of it do
we need? Well, here’s a fact… Sleep is an essential function that allows your body and mind to
recharge, leaving you refreshed and alert when you wake up. Healthy sleep also helps the body
remain healthy and stave off diseases. Without enough sleep, the brain cannot function properly.
This can impair your abilities to concentrate, think clearly, and process memories. Most adults
require between seven and nine hours of nightly sleep. Children and teenagers need substantially
more sleep, particularly if they are younger than five years of age. Work schedules, day-to-day
stressors, a disruptive bedroom environment, and medical conditions can all prevent us from
receiving enough sleep. A healthy diet and positive lifestyle habits can help ensure an adequate
amount of sleep each night – but for some, chronic lack of sleep may be the first sign of a sleep
disorder. According to the 2016 Healthy Living Index Survey, Filipinos have one of the highest
rates of sleep deprivation in Asia; 46% of Filipinos do not get enough sleep while 32% said they
sleep for less than six hours.

Sleep deprivation is a general term to describe a state caused by inadequate quantity or quality of
sleep, including voluntary or involuntary sleeplessness and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. A
sleepy fatigued person is accident prone, judgment impaired and more likely to make mistakes
and bad decisions. Staying awake for 24 hours leads to reduced hand-to-eye coordination that is
similar to having a blood alcohol content of 0.1. This makes sleep deprivation contributory to
road accidents and work injuries.
Lack of sleep can also affect a child’s school performance and could be linked to an increased
risk of emotional problems such as depression. There are many reasons why a person may not Page | 10
get enough sleep and this include shift work, meeting deadlines, a sleeping environment that is
noisy or not the right temperature, use of electronic devices close to bedtime or keeping them in
the bedroom, medical problems, such as depression, sleep apnea, or chronic pain and caring for
another person during the night.

https://nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-ix-zamboanga-peninsula/5846-sleep-
deprivations-health-effects-on-people-s-lives

The bilateral relationship between sleep and overall health–including physical and mental
health–is commonly accepted: lack of sleep can cause poor overall health, while experiencing
stress can disrupt sleeping patternsAccording to Christina Pierpaoli Parker, postdoctoral fellow
of clinical psychology and behavioral sleep medicine at the University of Alabama at
Birmingham, “good sleep undergrids every aspect of mental and physical health” [1]. However:
the specific and complex role that sleep plays in overall health especially in the face of external
factors–job environment, socio-economic factors that limit access to appropriate tools, and
continued stressful environments–renders this topic fertile ground for more research.

According to the Sleep Foundation’s Dr. Anis Rehman and Danielle Pacheco [2], sleep problems
are conditions that affect an individual’s quality of sleep, the time or duration spent asleep, and
the individual’s capacity to function when they are awake. Sleep problems may include:
difficulty getting enough sleep, sleeping at the wrong time of day, the inability to sleep properly,
and, most commonly, a lack of sleep altogether. The last of these, sleep deprivation and sleep
deficiency, have been linked to several negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular
disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity and depression [3].

Page | 11

Experiencing mental health problems may exacerbate sleep problems, and poor quality of sleep
may also contribute to either developing mental health problems, or have a compounding effect.
For example: sleeping problems can become a source of worry, and lead to anticipatory anxiety,
and sleep deprivation–or failing to sleep an adequate amount of time–may worsen depressive
symptoms. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) [4] recognizes that sleep problems
“often occur along with medical conditions or other mental health conditions, such as depression,
anxiety, or cognitive disorders”, which emphasizes the complex relationship between sleep and
mental wellness. Likewise, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [3] recommends that
individuals with depression undergo assessment to describe quality and adequacy of their sleep,
and that those with sleep disorders be monitored for depressive symptoms.

A Descriptive Study on the Sleeping Habits and Correlation of Sleepiness with Academic
Performance in States University-run Medical School In the Philippines [5] found that the
percentage of Filipino medical students experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness (53.3%) is
greater than medical students based in Malaysia (35.5%), Pakistan (39.5%), and Saudi Arabia
(37.8%). The study is valuable for its focus on a specific community, whose members–medical
students and residents–report chronic partial loss of sleep as a common experience, while “those
in more physically demanding specialities can suffer total loss of sleep [5]. Other studies
focusing on more vulnerable communities, such as business process outsourcing (BPO) and call
center workers [6], and women factory workers in the Philippines [7] expand the study of sleep,
its vital importance to quality of life, and the role it plays in overall health

https://mentalhealthph.org/09-20/
This study determined the effects of sleep deprivation on the academic performance of 2nd-year
education students of the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following: (1) correlation and comparison of difference
between number of hours sleep and academic performances in Eng111 and Educ90; (2) Page | 12
difference on students’ flexibility towards sleep deprivation and demographic profile; and (3)
correlation between the number of hours sleep and academic performances in terms of Cognitive,
Psychomotor/Physical, and Environmental Factors

Correlational-descriptive research design was used in the study. A census was used in the
collection of data in which 122 respondents participated. A researcher-made questionnaire was
utilized. The analytical design used consisted of statistical procedures such as hypothesis testing,
correlation, averages, standard deviations, and T-test.

https://turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/view/4194

One major phenomenon that has been gradually eroding the health of the Philippines is lack of
sleep. From the effects of unbearable traffic to the explosion of the business process outsourcing
industry to the geometric rise of Internet usage nationwide, millions of Filipinos are choosing to
sleep less and less, with dangerous effects. We seem to think that staying awake to finish work is
the lesser evil. It isn’t. It is a danger we have to address, and soon.
What does sleep really do for us? Aside from allowing the body to rest, sufficient, quality sleep
allows our minds to refresh, and facilitates the transfer of short-term to long-term memory.
Proper sleep has been proven to help students perform better in school the following day,
particularly in complicated tasks like mathematics. Decision-making and emotional stability are
also affected by the right amount of good sleep. Page | 13

A team of scientists at the University of Rochester recently discovered that during sleep, the
brain purges itself, flushing out its own chemical waste through a hidden network of channels
that resemble a plumbing system. These pipes simulate opening up during sleep. In addition,
researchers think that this cleansing process uses up a lot of energy, which may explain why the
brain waits until bedtime to take out its own trash. Also, your body saves the energy it uses to see
while you are sleeping, which possibly adds needed fuel to this process. The American Academy
of Sleep Medicine also revealed that growth hormone is released in children while they are
asleep. Of course, there is still some debate as to which is the optimum time to sleep, some
suggest 10 p.m. to 2 a.m., others say midnight to 6 a.m. is best.

Studies have shown that, in the last few decades, children (and therefore, adults) have been
sleeping less and less. Adults whose parents enforced strict bedtime rules have been found to
function more efficiently at work and sleep more than hour more than those who grew up with
no rules on when to sleep. Other research showed that if you deprive a healthy adult of sleep for
six straight days, his body chemistry will resemble that of someone literally twice his age, and it
will take him a full week to get his metabolism back to normal.

Having covered international sporting events like the Olympics, this writer has experienced first-
hand how being unable to sleep at the right time can lead to weight gain. The most basic
explanation is that you try to consume more sugar, caffeine, or food on general to keep yourself
awake through the hours you should be sleeping. But actually, lack of sleep impairs our ability to
use the food we eat properly by about 30 percent. The body is also unable to process glucose as
well as it normally should, resulting in lethargy. In addition, the brain is not absorbing enough of
the nutrients it needs for optimal performance, and Cortisol is released, causing faster aging.
Lack of sleep has already been linked to diabetes and high blood pressure, as well.
Page | 14

A graphic example of the terrible effects of sleep-deprivation is the explosion of the space shuttle
Challenger in January of 1986. According to the National Sleep Foundation in the United States,
the managers of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration may have made critical
errors in judgment because they were awake for 20 hours before blast-off. The explosion killed
all seven crewmembers, including teacher Christa McAuliffe, the first civilian meant to be sent
into space, and led to the eventual cancelling of the space shuttle program itself.

One major phenomenon that has been gradually eroding the health of the Philippines is lack of
sleep. From the effects of unbearable traffic to the explosion of the business process outsourcing
industry to the geometric rise of Internet usage nationwide, millions of Filipinos are choosing to
sleep less and less, with dangerous effects. We seem to think that staying awake to finish work is
the lesser evil. It isn’t. It is a danger we have to address, and soon.

What does sleep really do for us? Aside from allowing the body to rest, sufficient, quality sleep
allows our minds to refresh, and facilitates the transfer of short-term to long-term memory.
Proper sleep has been proven to help students perform better in school the following day,
particularly in complicated tasks like mathematics. Decision-making and emotional stability are
also affected by the right amount of good sleep.
A team of scientists at the University of Rochester recently discovered that during sleep, the
brain purges itself, flushing out its own chemical waste through a hidden network of channels
that resemble a plumbing system. These pipes simulate opening up during sleep. In addition,
researchers think that this cleansing process uses up a lot of energy, which may explain why the Page | 15
brain waits until bedtime to take out its own trash. Also, your body saves the energy it uses to see
while you are sleeping, which possibly adds needed fuel to this process. The American Academy
of Sleep Medicine also revealed that growth hormone is released in children while they are
asleep. Of course, there is still some debate as to which is the optimum time to sleep, some
suggest 10 p.m. to 2 a.m., others say midnight to 6 a.m. is best.

Studies have shown that, in the last few decades, children (and therefore, adults) have been
sleeping less and less. Adults whose parents enforced strict bedtime rules have been found to
function more efficiently at work and sleep more than hour more than those who grew up with
no rules on when to sleep. Other research showed that if you deprive a healthy adult of sleep for
six straight days, his body chemistry will resemble that of someone literally twice his age, and it
will take him a full week to get his metabolism back to normal.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/09/25/1504100/sleep-deprived-
nation/amp/

5 Foreign study

Most of us know what it feels like the day after a night of little or no sleep. You’re not yourself
—you feel drowsy, sluggish, irritable, and low on energy. Your mind seems groggy, you may
struggle to focus, make sloppy mistakes, and need coffee after coffee just to make it through the
day until you’re able to crawl back into bed at night.
 Page | 16
While coping with the occasional night of disturbed sleep can be unpleasant, if you’re regularly
missing out on a restorative night’s rest, you could be seriously damaging your health and quality
of life. As well as negatively impacting your mood, energy, and performance at work or school,
sleep deprivation can also affect your immune system, heart and brain health, sex drive, and
ability to handle stress. It can add inches to your waist, increase your risk of accidents, and lead
to serious long-term health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke,
anxiety, and depression.

If you’ve been sleep deprived for a while, it can even seem normal to spend your days feeling
tired and out of sorts. But while you may think that you’re able to get by on less sleep without
suffering any consequences, the truth is that getting sufficient sleep is essential to your physical
and mental health.

Whatever your circumstances, though, recognizing the symptoms, causes, and effects of sleep
deprivation is the first step to addressing the problem and ensuring you get sufficient sleep to
recharge your body and mind, protect your well-being, and function at your best.

https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/sleep-deprivation.htm
In fact, Singapore is the 3rd most sleep-deprived of the 43 cities profiled in a report published
recently. Only in Tokyo and Seoul do the people sleep less than us. Not sleeping enough and not
sleeping well is not okay. Chronic sleep deprivation, whatever the reason, will significantly
affect your health, work performance, safety, and a general sense of well-being. Page | 17

https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/1034/sleep-deprivation

Sleep is essential to both your physical and mental health. Lack of sleep can cause daytime
drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, and forgetfulness. But the long-term psychological effects
of sleep deprivation are far more serious.

Most adults need seven to nine hours of uninterrupted sleep per night. Many people are scraping
by with as little as three or four hours because insomnia makes it difficult to fall and stay asleep.

Insomnia can severely disrupt your brain’s productivity. It can negatively affect your mood,
energy levels, and ability to concentrate.
Insomnia also can increase stress, which heightens your risk of serious problems, such as
depression and anxiety.

Page | 18

People with chronic insomnia are 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with clinical depression,
and 17 times more likely to develop an anxiety disorder.

Insomnia is sometimes the first sign of an existing or developing mental illness. It can signal a
major depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Prolonged sleep deprivation also can worsen an existing condition.

https://share.upmc.com/2020/10/sleep-affects-mood/

Lack of rest has a negative impact on the functioning of the emotional regulation circuit of the
brain. In studies conducted by Matthew T. Feldner, a professor of psychology at the University
of Arkansas, people who lost a night of sleep responded with more emotion to stressors
presented in the lab.
One study examined how teenagers reacted during the day when they hadn’t gotten enough
sleep. Sleep-deprived teens found stressful situations much more threatening than the more
mature study participants.

Page | 19

Furthermore, researchers have found that sleep-deprived teens feel more depressed and anxious.
In a study of nearly 28,000 high school students, each hour of lost rest was associated with a 38
percent increase in the risk of feeling sad or hopeless, and a 58 percent increase in suicide
attempts. Another study found that high school seniors were three times more likely to have
depression symptoms if they had excessive daytime sleepiness

https://www.newportacademy.com/resources/well-being/sleep-deprived-teens/

While you are sleeping, the brain goes to work cleansing itself of waste, in the form of proteins,
that build up between cells throughout the day. A study published in Science found that the brain
cells of mice may actually shrink during this process to accommodate the volume of liquid
flowing in and out of the brain, which appears to help clear out waste. The cells then seem to
expand once the mice wake up.

These findings support a later study that showed sleep deprivation had a dampening effect on
brain cell activity. The study was intended to learn more about treating epilepsy, but researchers
discovered that the neurons in the brain send their signals at slower speeds when you’re tired.
Waste build up and slow neuron signals often cause reduced decision-making skills, reaction
times, and reasoning abilities.

Page | 20

https://mhanational.org/blog/sleep-deprivation-effects-mind-and-body

5 Local Study

Lack of sleep can also affect a child’s school performance and could be linked to an increased
risk of emotional problems such as depression. There are many reasons why a person may not
get enough sleep and this include shift work, meeting deadlines, a sleeping environment that is
noisy or not the right temperature, use of electronic devices close to bedtime or keeping them in
the bedroom, medical problems, such as depression, sleep apnea, or chronic pain and caring for
another person during the night.

Making small changes to your daily routine can help you get the right sleep you need. Change
what you do during the day. Try to spend some time outdoors every day. Plan your physical
activity for earlier in the day, not right before you go to bed. Stay away from caffeine (including
coffee, tea, and soda) late in the day. If you have trouble sleeping at night, limit daytime naps to
20 minutes or less. If you drink alcohol, drink only in moderation (less than 1 drink in a day for
women and less than 2 drinks in a day for men) — alcohol can keep you from sleeping well.
Don’t eat a big meal close to bedtime. If you smoke, make a plan to quit — the nicotine in
cigarettes can make it harder for you to sleep.
 Page | 21
Sleep is as important to the human body as food and water. So, give more time to sleeping
because it can prolong your life more. Do not sleep-deprive yourself! Take a small step in
improving your sleeping habits because small steps still count as progress which can greatly
contribute to future success. Start it now!

-NO I Zamubec Alomar C. Adlawan

https://nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-ix-zamboanga-peninsula/5846-sleep-
deprivations-health-effects-on-people-s-lives#:~:text=According%20to%20the
%202016%20Healthy,for%20less%20than%20six%20hours.

THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF MOUNT CARMEL
SCHOOL OF MARIA AURORA (MCSMA) INC. SY 2019-2020

Godfrey S Nacino

To their research adviser and subject teacher Mr. John Ian C. Barrientos, for his undying
guidance and patience in the completion of this research. To the School Principal of MOUNT
CARMEL SCHOOL OF MARIA AURORA INC., Mr. Remigio R. Bitong, for giving the
permission to administer the questionnaires in the said school.

To the respondents who cooperate in accomplishing the questionnaires and giving their precious Page | 22
time, without their participation and coordination, this research paper will not be a success. To
their friend, classmates, and the adviser of XII MARANGAL who gave their love and prayers
and who had been supportive and generous.

https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?
q=Local+studies+about+sleep+deprivation+Philippines+PDF&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=s
cholart#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3D30hPrk0-0dMJ

Sudden unexplained death during sleep occurred commonly in the general population in the
Philippines: a sub study of the National Nutrition and Health Survey

Giselle Gervacio-Domingo, Felix Eduardo Punzalan, Ma Lourdes Amarillo, Antonio Dans

Journal of clinical epidemiology 60 (6), 567-571, 2007

Objective

Sudden unexplained death during sleep (SUDS) is found frequently among Asians. The
nationwide incidence of SUDS in the Philippines was measured using a questionnaire, validated
in a previous study versus autopsy.
Study Design and Setting

Page | 23
The questionnaire was administered as part of the 2003 National Nutrition and Health Survey. A
total of 4,747 households were sampled in a stratified randomized manner. Household members
were interviewed regarding the occurrence of presumptive SUDS within the last 5 years.
Presumptive SUDS was death in a young (<40 years) healthy individual with no reasonable
alternative explanation for death.

Results

After adjustment for age and sampling weight, the 5-year incidence of sudden death during sleep
was 380 (95% CI 210–640) per 100,000, whereas that of SUDS was 110 (95% CI 29–540) per
100,000 in the 20–39 year age group. The computed annualized incidence of sudden death
during sleep in the 20–39 year age group was 76 per 100,000, that of SUDS 22 was per 100,000.
Computed annualized incidence of SUDS based on the questionnaire accuracy was 43 per
100,000.

Conclusion

SUDS occurs commonly among young Filipinos affecting 43 per 100,000 per year of which
most are young males.

View at sciencedirect.com

[PDF] researchgate.net

Cited by 38
Related articles

All 12 versions
Page | 24

Sleep deprivation among nurses and the negative impacts on patient care: A phenomenological
study

Bettye Louise Cobbins

University of Phoenix, 2013

The negative impact of patient care such as a nurse’s inability to communicate, to avoid human
errors, and medical errors can affect the delivery of quality care to patients and may cause a
significant number of deaths in a hospital setting. The purpose of the current qualitative,
phenomenological study is to explore nurses’ self-identifications regarding sleep deprivation and
the effects of sleep deprivation on delivering quality care to the patient. A qualitative method and
phenomenological design was selected for this study to allow study participants to convey their
philosophical experiences regarding the phenomenon of sleep deprivation. The study participants
were asked 11 open-ended questions about their lived-experience of sleep deprivation and its
impact on patient care. The interview responses were recorded digitally, transcribed, and
analyzed with NVivo 9.0, qualitative software. Six core themes emerged from the collection of
dataa). sleep deprivation,(b) role and responsibilities,(c) patients,(d) scheduling,€ stress, and (f)
personal affairs. The 20 participants’ in-depth information on their own self-identification may
provide valuable findings that could lead to a better understanding of why nurses experience
sleep deprivation. Understanding the reason would improve nurses’ performance and enhance
patient care. Recommendations are to encourage nursing leaders and other health care
practitioner leaders to implement strategic strategies that would enhance patient care.
https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?
q=Local+studies+about+sleep+deprivation+Philippines+PDF&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=s
cholart#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3
Page | 25

Dv1cKkmGRwZoJ

Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Mental Health Stability of Selected Grade 9 Students of
Ramon Magsaysay (Cubao) High School (RMCHS)

Marc Andrie Bermundo

Nowadays, students have mental health issues that have been circulating all around the country.
Peer pressure, tons of schoolwork, and family matters do contribute in the instability of the mind.
Sleep deprivation, on the other hand, is the lack of time needed for the body to rest and heal itself
from our activities. Students cannot focus or give all of their effort with the damaging mental
volatility that they have and multiple happenings of sleep deprivation can also ruin our activities
especially for students that endure scholastic activities. In this study, the researchers intend to
seek how sleep deprivation affects the students in correlation to the mental health of students.
This study will be done to the selected 9th Graders of Ramon Magsaysay (Cubao) High School. A
survey questionnaire was used in order to conduct it to the selected sections (Rizal, Bonifacio,
and Mabini) and the results reveal that most of the Grade 9 students do have sleep deficiency and
it has a direct effect on their mood, their social skills, and their response to environmental
stimuli.
https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_vis=1&q=Local+studies+about+sleep+deprivation+affects+mental+
health+Philippines+PDF&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DGO0GK27uxZ0J

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Assessing the Association Between the Night Shift Schedule and Mental Health Symptoms
among Filipino Women Factory Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sophia F Lu, Jinky L Lu

Journal of International Women’s Studies 22 (1), 312-329, 2021

Within the fields of mental and occupational health, the “night shift” is one of the major
concerns the work-time schedule. The association between working at night and the occurrence
of mental health symptoms among women workers has been a subject of considerable debate.
This study explores the association between working at night and mental health symptoms, and
the mediating factors to this association. This study examined a database of 500 factory workers,
about 90% of whom were women who had originally been pat of a study of hazard exposures
and the occupational health of workers in export processing zones in the Philippines. The
database included variables relating to work schedule such as the night shift, overtime, and
extended work, as well as mental and psychological health indices collected through a survey
questionnaire. Descriptive statistics developed, and the crude associations between shift schedule
and probable confounders with the frequency of occurrence of mental health symptoms were
studied using a chi-square test of association. The confounding effect of each probable
confounding variable including age, sex, educational attainment, tenure and workload towards
the main association (the night shift and mental health hazard) was analyzed by obtaining the
Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios of the association, controlling for the particular confounder. A
multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the overall association of interest,
simultaneously controlling for all confounders. The crude odds ratio for the association between
shift schedule and frequency of occurrence of mental health symptoms is 2.13 (0.77-5.81). This
means that without adjusting for confounders, those who work night shifts are 2.13 times more
likely to have a frequent occurrence of mental health symptoms as compared to those who work
in the daytime hours. Specifically, among women, those who work at night are 2.97 times more
likely to have frequent occurrences of mental health symptoms compared to those who work in
the day. Controlling for age, sex, educational attainment, tenure, workload, and exposure to
occupational hazards, those who work at night are 2.13 (0.79-5.71) times more likely to have
frequent episodes of mental health symptoms compared to those who work in the morning.
Those who are frequently exposed to occupational hazards are 5.78 (1.17-28.71) times more Page | 27
likely to have frequent mental health symptoms as compared to those who are not. The evidence
for this association is strong. The study has shown that among Filipino women factory workers,
nightshift work is associated with mental health symptoms. There is a need to address the
problems encountered by night shifters, especially the mediating exposure to occupational
hazards. There may be conditions at work that predispose women workers to more hazards
during night shifts compared to day shifts. Mental health among night shifters should be
addressed as a concern in occupational health.

https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_vis=1&q=Local+studies+about+sleep+deprivation+affects+mental+
health+Philippines+PDF&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DIFyUDViN56kJ

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