Arandia Egipto Ocampo Research

La Consolacion College of Rinconada
Iriga Campus
RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD:
ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF OFW PARENTS
IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF
LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE
IRIGA
A Research
Presented to the Faculty and Staff of the Basic Education Department of
La Consolacion College Iriga
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements in Practical Research 2
Arandia, Cailin Isabel R.
Egipto, Abe Deaniel V.
Ocampo, John Carlo C.
Manaog, Erico
December 2021
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APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled: “RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD: ITS IMPACT ON
CHILDREN OF OFW PARENTS IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT
DEPARTMENT OF LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE IRIGA” in partial fulfillment
of the requirements in Practical Research 2, prepared and submitted by Cailin Isabel R.
Arandia, Abe Deaniel Egipto, John Carlo C. Ocampo, and Erico Manaog is
recommended for acceptance and approval for Final Oral Examination.
GERALD G. PAZ, MAEd

Research Adviser & Editor
RESEARCH COMMITTEE
MS. RECHILDA L. HUGO

Chairman
MS. JUDITH LORICA MS. MELINDA CORNELIO
Member Member
PANEL OF EVALUATORS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination on ____________, 2022
With a grade of ________%.
______________________ ______________________ _____________________

Member Chairman Member
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CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR
This is to certify that the thesis of Cailin Isabel R. Arandia, John Carlo C.
Ocampo, Abe Deaniel V Egipto, and Erico Manaog entitled RESPONSIBLE
PARENTHOOD: ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF OFW PARENTS IN THE SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE
IRIGA
Paz Gerald, MAEd
Editor/ Research Adviser
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The study's researchers are grateful to everyone who helped with the assistance
and process-making of this thesis paper, especially to Ms. Rechilda Hugo and Mr.
Kenneth Sapinoso, We express our heartfelt gratitude to them for the excellent lectures
and instructions, which helped the research team visualize the overall components of a
thesis paper and gave clear and portable learning materials in training the researchers in
this study on how to construct a thesis work.
We also express our gratitude to Mr. Gerald Paz, our thesis supervisor, and
editor, for correcting the faults that the researchers had made in this paper. Mr. Paz's
advice enlightens the additional and alternative thesis work. The researchers would also
want to express their gratitude to the respondents of this thesis study, La Consolacion
College of Rinconada-Iriga Campus students in grades eleven and twelve.
To their family for their all-out support, moral and financial, so that this study
may be realized. To their classmates and friends, who shared their time, resources,
considerations, and valuable support. And to all whose, time and efforts have been
solicited to have this research study finished.
Most importantly, we express our gratitude to our almighty God for granting the
researchers the strength, wisdom, and intelligence necessary to complete this study.
The Researcher
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DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to our beloved parents, who have been a source of inspiration
and strength to us, as well as moral, emotional, and financial support.
We dedicate this study to our families, who have provided unwavering
support and aid in making this possible and bringing our efforts to fruition. To our
adviser, editor, friends, and classmates who offered guidance and support, as well as
for their cooperation in the completion of the research. As a result, the findings of this
study should be useful to future researchers and research in the area.
Last but not least, we dedicate this book to the Almighty God, the author of
knowledge and wisdom, who made it possible. Thank you for your direction, strength,
provider of mind and skills, and for helping us to live a healthy life while working on this
research.
The Researchers
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ABSTRACT
Title: RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD: ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF OFW
PARENTS IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF LA
CONSOLACION COLLEGE IRIGA
Authors: Cailin Isabel R. Arandia, John Carlo Ocampo,, Abe Deaniel Egipto, Erico
Manaog
Institution: La Consolacion College of Rinconada-Iriga Campus
Keywords: OFW, Responsible parenthood, Impact, Profile, Distant parenting,
Mental, Social. Emotional.
Working overseas has been a huge assistance in financially providing and

sustaining families, especially in a country with limited work possibilities and economic
regression. It may, however, have affected the family they have left behind. According to
the study, this was the key issue that needed to be looked into more. The goal of this
descriptive quantitative research was to determine the overall address of the data obtained
from a total of 10 respondents in the Senior High School department of La Consolacion
College Iriga. Furthermore, it was considered that having parents who work abroad is
related to their children's well-being. The results showed that the hypothesis was correct,
although it was limited and may not apply to a larger population. According to the
evidence, parental absence has depressive repercussions for family dynamics, social ties,
and emotional growth, notwithstanding the financial stability provided by OFW parents.
As a result, the conclusion was reached that the children are primarily affected by their
current circumstances because they lack parental guidance and should receive the bare
minimum of parental assistance and proper parenting as their parents' bare minimum for
their children. Overall, healthy parenting is the greatest means to develop children to their
highest potential for the betterment of their future and well-being.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1 - THE PROBLEM
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
ASSUMPTIONS
HYPOTHESIS
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
NOTES
CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
FOREIGN LITERATURE
LOCAL LITERATURE
FOREIGN STUDIES
LOCAL STUDIES
SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE OF THE ART
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
NOTES
CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODS
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
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NOTES
CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND DATA PRESENTATION
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
EVALUATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE RESPONDENTS TO
THEIR OFW PARENT/S
EVALUATION ON HOW OFTEN THE PARENT/S VISIT THE COUNTRY
EVALUATION ON HOW OFW PARENT/S PROVIDE FOR THEIR
CHILDREN
EVALUATION ON THE EFFECTS OF HAVING OFW PARENT/S IN
SOME ASPECTS (EMOTIONAL, MENTAL, SOCIAL)
NOTES
CHAPTER 5 - SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NO. 1
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NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
CURRICULUM VITAE
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LIST OF TABLES
GRADE/LEVEL NO. OF RESPONDENTS
11 5
12 5
TOTAL: 10
Table 1: Distribution of Respondents
Research 2021-2022
Procedures and November December January February March
Time Budget
1. Formulated
the title
2. Identified
the
problems
3. Worked out
for Chapter
1 and 2.
4. Prepared
the
questionnai
re that will
be used
5. Validated
the
questionnai
re
6. Revised the
instrument
7. Secured
permit to
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distribute
survey
questionnai
re.
8. Administer
ed the
survey
questionnai
re.
9. Retrieved
the
questionnai
re
10. Processed
data
11. Worked out
for Chapter
3
12. Interpreted
the data
13. Worked out
for
Chapter 4
and 5
14. Final
defense
15. Submitted
the final
edited.
Table 2: Gantt chart for the Research Procedure
CRITERIA RANGE DESCRIPTIONS
5 4.1-5.0 Strongly Agree
4 3.1-4.0 Agree
3 2.1-3.0 Neutral
2 1.1-2.0 Disagree
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1 0-1.0 Strongly Disagree
Table 3: Likert Scale
ITEM FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK
17 7 70% 1
18 2 20% 2
16 1 10% 3
TOTAL: 10 100%
Table 4: Age Distribution of Respondents
Female 8 80% 1
Male 2 20% 2
TOTAL: 10 100%
Table 5: Sex Distribution of Respondents
Gr.11 5 50% -
Gr.12 5 50% -
TOTAL: 10 100%
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Table 6: Grade/Level Distribution of Respondents
STATEMENTS WEIGHTED MEAN DESCRIPTIVE RATING
I have a close relationship with my 4.3 Agree
parent/s
I get to call or text my parent/s 4.3 Agree
when I’m in need
I understand why my parent/s 4.8 Agree
chose to become an OFW
I spent my childhood with my 2.9 Neutral
parent/s
I am closer to my 2.9 Neutral
guardians/parental figures than my
own parent/s
Table 7: Evaluation of the relationship of the respondents to their OFW Parent/s
My parent/s visit the country 3.4 Agree
during seasonal occasions
My parent/s visit the country every 2.8 Neutral
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2 years
My parent/s visit the country every 3.5 Agree
year
I got used with my parent/s not 2.9 Neutral
visiting the country frequently
My parent/s vacation is long 2.8 Neutral
whenever they visit the country
Table 8: Evaluation on how often the OFW parent/s visit the country
My parent/s also financially 4.2 Strongly Agree
support our extended families
(Grandfather, Grandmother, Uncle,
Aunt, etc.)
My parent/s salary is fit for all our 4.3 Strongly Agree
wants and needs
My family gets to receive a 3.8 Agree
balikbayan box from my parent/s
My parent/s can afford my 4.6 Strongly Agree
educational needs
I receive an allowance from my 4.0 Agree
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parent/s
Table 9: Evaluation of how OFW parent/s provide for their children
Sometimes I would question my 2.7 Neutral
value to them (OFW parent/s)
I often feel sad/upset that my 3.2 Agree
parent/s isn’t here with me
I often picture myself with my 4.4 Strongly Agree
family complete
I feel proud having an OFW 4.6 Strongly Agree
parent/s
Our house feels empty without the 4.3 Strongly Agree
presence of my parent/s
Table 10: Evaluation on the effects of having OFW parent/s in an Emotional Aspect
I have a hard time with my studies 2.1 Neutral
without the presence of my
parent/s
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I'm lacking the guidance of my 3.1 Agree
OFW parent/s in making decisions
I learned how to behave 4.2 Strongly Agree
independently without my parent/s
I overthink about what my parent/s 3.6 Agree
do abroad
I understand why my parent/s 4.5 Strongly Agree
chose to be an OFW as a
profession
Table 11: Evaluation on the effects of having OFW parent/s in a Mental Aspect
I feel left out during family 3.0 Neutral
gatherings without my parent/s
I feel comfortable whenever there 3.9 Agree
are other people like me who have
OFW parent/s
I know a few people that shares the 4.1 Strongly Agree
same experience as mine
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I feel awkward whenever I spend 2.3 Neutral
time with my parent/s
I get bullied/isolated from people 1.3 Disagree
who have a complete family
Table 12: Evaluation on the effects of having OFW parent/s in a Social Aspect
LIST OF FIGURES
Parental Success and Parent-child

guidance to achievement of attachment and
education children
support
Figure 1: Theoretical Paradigm
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1.Respondent’s Profile
- Age
-Sex
-Grade/Level
2. Does the respondent have a close
relationship to his/her parent/s?  The student’s

3. How often does his/her parent assessment of
 Distribution of
questionnaire answers of
visit the country?
 Data Gathering having an OFW
4.Does the parent/s provide enough  as parent/s
 Tallying of data  Conclusions
for the family? Education? Needs?
 Analysis
 Possible solution to the  Data
5.What is the impact of the distant
problem interpretation and
parenting of OFW parents as
summarized
perceive by their children in terms findings
of;  Recommendation
for future
- Emotional
researchers
- Mental
- Social
Figure 2: Conceptual Paradigm
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
As globalization and openness of different countries to foreigners, also open a
new gateway for workers to go beyond the borders. Migrant workers are also in-demand,
particularly those who are highly skilled and those with technical know-how that will
plug the labor shortfalls of other countries. Aside from this, many countries of migrant
workers' origin rely on them to provide a vital source of finance and foreign exchange for
households and governments (Ethical Trading Initiative, n.d.).
In the Philippines, Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are regarded as modern-
day heroes because they are the people who are willing to travel to different countries to
find opportunities for greener pastures to provide for the needs of their families
(Turgano, 2019). The main reason why Filipino migrant workers fled the country is due
to the lack of opportunities, low salary, contractualization, and different minimum wages
from different provinces which are the major issues that the Philippines is dealing with,
which pushes some Filipino workers to work abroad for better options and better pay.
However, migrant workers are forced to leave their families behind, which has caused
some issues for the children.
OFWs are Filipino migrant workers who chose to work in foreign countries
because of certain benefits such as a renewable contract, the opportunity for citizenship,
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and a higher salary rate (O. 2021). On the other hand, the majority of Filipino migrant
workers choose to leave the country in order to provide for their families' long-term
needs and to provide their children with better educational opportunities, which serves as
their primary motivation for working abroad, aside from higher pay (Philippine Institute
for Development Studies 2008; Parreas 2005).
Hence, having OFW parents who work abroad has numerous advantages,
including there is less chance of financial problems for the children's education, and once
the parent obtains citizenship, the children can live and attend school abroad. Children
grow up without their parents as companions, and even if they are given what they want
and need, it may not be enough for them to feel their parents' love. Children may face
educational difficulties as a result of their parent's absence, and their child development
may be affected as well. They are forced to remain behind for their own good. They may,
however, have a different understanding of why their parents abandoned them. Despite
this, a child that has been left behind by their parents has a high chance of developing
problems with their mental health and also developing vices that can affect their physical
health (Rose-Clarke 2019).
However, having an OFW parent can affect child-parent relationships, which
should always be present in families. OFWs and their children's relationships are strained
in the primary because they cannot be physically together. These OFWs may visit the
country on occasion, but when it comes time to return, factors such as different time
zones, which can affect communication as well as the leisure time of the children and
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their OFW parents, may weaken their bond. Even though these children will be
accompanied by relatives and family members, the relationship between a child and their
parent will be distinct. These OFWs must accept full responsibility for the consequences
of their decision to flee the country, including the consequences for their children.
Supposedly, a child can have emotional and mental conflicts because of the
absence of parents; they need to have socio-psychological care from their parents to face
these conflicts, and OFW parents should be aware of this. The children learn how to live
independently and cope with their problems caused by the lack of parental guidance
themselves. They learn how to cope with these problems through activities such as active
coping, planning, and instrumental use. However, excessive active coping can lead to
burnout and frustration as a result of their personal challenges (Navarez & Diaz 2017).
This may be a good path for their lives since they have the advantages of getting
financial support and having a stable life, but despite that, it affects the relationship with
their parents as they grow independently without their parental guidance. Some studies
have proven that children still have a good relationship with their OFW parents. In the
study conducted by Java, M. A. (2021), OFW parents and their children maintain regular
communication with each other during their separation, mostly through the use of phone
calls and text messaging. As to the meta-factors of their emotional intelligence, most of
them have an average level of interpersonal skills and stress management skills but tend
to have lower levels of interpersonal skills, adaptability, and general mood. This, coupled
with the existing issues faced by children who are the sons or daughters of overseas
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workers, is what drove the researchers to conduct this study to investigate the effect of
the separation between them, particularly those students of La Consolacion College Iriga
whose parents are working overseas. For these reasons, this study is geared towards the
identification and analysis of the impact of having an OFW parent/s on the students of La
Consolacion College Iriga and initiating recommendations on how to mitigate the
negative effects of distance parenting.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study sought to assess the Impact of distance parenting of OFW parents on
children in the senior high school student department of La Consolacion College Iriga.
This study will seek to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Grade/Level
2. Does the respondent have a close relationship with his/her OFW parent/s?
3. How often does his/her OFW parent/s visit the country?
4. Does the OFW parent/s provide enough for the family? Education? Needs?
5. What is the impact of the distant parenting of OFW parents as perceived by their
children in terms of;
a. Emotional
b. Mental
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c. Social
ASSUMPTIONS
This study assumes the following:
1. The profile of the respondents varies in terms of age, sex, and grade/level.
2. The respondents tied relationship to his/her parents can be determined.
3. The frequency of returning of OFW parents in the country can be identified
4. The OFW parent assists with its family’s needs
5. The perceived impact of the children on distant parenting of OFW parents varies
from emotional, mental, and social.
HYPOTHESIS
A research hypothesis is the predicted outcome that will be evaluated throughout the
study.
The outcomes of the study would rather be:
Null Hypothesis
The student and their OFW parent/s maintained their relationship despite the absence of
a bond. With this being said, there is no connection between distant parenting as OFW
parents to the relationship towards their children.
Alternative Hypothesis
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There is a severe impact on the child-parent relationship between OFW parents and their
children. This shows that the OFW parent/s didn’t fulfill their basic responsibilities as
parents.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The study discusses the effects of having OFWs as parent/s to the students of
Gr.11-12 of La Consolacion College Iriga. In accordance with this, this will assess the
effects on the students and also how strong their child-parent relationship is. The study
will only focus on the emotional, mental, and social aspects of the students and their
relationship with their parents.
Thus, the researchers delimit the study from other variables that may arise from
the problem. The setting is only in the premises of La Consolacion College Iriga and the
respondents are only limited to students Grades 11-12. With the use of online
questionnaires, the respondents will be at ease in answering the questions provided, and
conducting the study will value the researcher’s safety from the pandemic.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be beneficial to the following group of people indicated below:
Children. After the study has been conducted, the children will fully understand
why their parents chose to be an OFW specifically in providing for their needs and also
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for opening a better pathway of opportunities for their future. Furthermore, they’ll learn
how to cope with the emotional, mental, and social conflicts that they experience.
Parents. This study can make the parents fully aware of the effects of their
chosen career on their own children and it will help them find ways in order to help their
children cope with these effects.
Government. This study can be a guide for the government to give better job
opportunities and a better salary for every Filipino worker in order for their skills to be
complied here in the country for also the benefit of the economy.
School. The study can help in the future programs that the school will have in
order to value the student’s emotional, mental, and social aspects in the school premises.
Researchers. This study can be used as a reference for future studies
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the purposes of clarification and a better understanding of the concept, the
terms utilized are operationally and conceptually characterized, concurring to how they
are utilized within the framework:
OFW. Overseas Filipino Worker, a Filipino migrant worker that’s employed in
foreign countries. In this study, this is a a parent who chose to work overseas in order for
them to pursue his/her career to provide for his/her children’s needs.
Responsible parenthood. The act of parenting wherein the parents are doing their soul
purpose and responsibility. In this study, it is essential to the OFW parent(s) to respond to the
family's and children's desires and aspirations
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Impact. Having an effect on someone or something. In this study, it is meant by
the emotional, mental, and social effect towards the children of the OFW parent/s
Profile. The background of the respondent. In this study it contains the
respondent’s Age, Sex and grade level.
Distant parenting. A parenting style where the parents sustain their child in a
long distance. In this study it is or known as the parenting style that migrant or OFW
parent/s usually perform.
Mental. The cognitive thinking of a person. This is known in this study as the
effect on how the child thinks when OFW parent/s are in a distant relationship.
Social. The ability of a person to socialize. In this study, it is how the child gets
along with their family or other people while dealing with a distance with their OFW
parent/s .
Emotional. The capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions. In
this study, it means the effect on having OFW parent/s to the child’s emotions and
feelings.
NOTES
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Turgano, J., (2019, December 20). OFWs are heroes of PH economy. INQUIRER.Net.
Retrieved from https://opinion.inquirer.net/125993/ofws-are-heroes-of-ph-
economy (2021, March 13)
Parreñas, R. (2005). Long distance intimacy: class, gender and intergenerational
relations between mothers and children in Filipino transnational families. Global
networks, 5(4), 317-336. Retrieved from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2005.00122.x#citedby-
section (2021, December 6)
Sicat, G. P. (2016, May 16). OFWs: Who they are, where they work, and what they do.
Philstar.Com. Retrieved from
https://www.philstar.com/business/2016/02/09/1551398/ofws-who-they-are-
where-they-work-and-what-they-do (2021, December 6)
(2021, September 23). Why Many Filipinos Want to Become OFWs and Work Abroad.
OWWA Member. Retrieved from https://owwamember.com/why-filipinos-work-
abroad/ (2021, December 6)
(2016, January 30). What are the advantages and disadvantages of having both parents
working? Englishpractising. Retrieved from
https://englishpractising.wordpress.com/2016/01/30/what-are-the-advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-having-both-parents-working/ (2021, December 6)
King’s College London. (2019, April 2). Being “left behind” as a child negatively
affects health. Retrieved from https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/spotlight/being-left-
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behind-as-a-child-negatively-affects-health#:%7E:text=They%20found%20that
%2C%20compared%20to,conduct%20disorder%20and%20substance%20use.
(2021, December 6)
Navarez, J. & Diaz, K.R. (2017). Coping mechanisms of Philippine students’ left behind
by OFW parents. Slongan, 3(1), 91–102. Retrieved from
http://rpo.cjc.edu.ph/index.php/slongan/article/view/16 (2021, December 6)
Java, M. A. (2021, February 10). Parent-child communication patterns, bonding and
emotional intelligence of left-behind children of overseas Filipino workers in
Roxas City. BAHÁNDÌAN, Institutional Repository of Central Philippine
University. Retrieved from https://repository.cpu.edu.ph/handle/20.500.12852/276
(2021, December 6)
What is meant by Responsible Parenthood? (n.d.). Doh.Gov.Ph. Retrieved from
https://doh.gov.ph/faqs/What-is-meant-by-Responsible-Parenthood (2022,
March 7)
Uninvolved Parenting and Its Effects on Children. (2021, July 26). Verywell Mind.
Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-uninvolved-parenting-
2794958 (2022, March 7)
mental. (n.d.). The Merriam-Webster.Com Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mental (2022, March 7)
social. (n.d.). The Merriam-Webster.Com Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social (2022, March 7)
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How Emotionally Intelligent Are You? (2020, June 4). Verywell Mind. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-emotional-intelligence-2795423 (2022,
March 7)
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
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This chapter introduces the following elements: Foreign and Local Literature that
are found in books, magazines, journals, etc.; Foreign and Local Studies that are found in
theses and investigations that are already conducted; Synthesis of the State-of-the-art, and
The Theoretical and Conceptual Framework.
FOREIGN LITERATURE
Parenting, according to Valliani (2022) in the article "Parenting Styles," is the
most difficult job in society because it involves children's physical, emotional,
intellectual, and spiritual development. As a result, parents must be open and honest
about their parenting strengths and weaknesses. They have a responsibility to raise their
children to be contributing members of society. As a result, OFW parents must prepare
for their children's psychological issues as a result of their abandonment. It is feared that
their prolonged absence will render the feeling insignificant. As a result, OFW parents
should ensure that their children's feelings are compensated for while they are away by
maintaining constant communication.
As children adjust to life without a loved caregiver and try to replace a physically
and emotionally supportive relationship with someone new, the type and quality of their
care relationships may decline, according to Zhao's (2016) article "Children and
Migration." As children cope with life without a loved caregiver and try to substitute a
physically and emotionally supportive relationship with someone new, the type and
quality of their care relationships may decline. Left-behind children may suffer from low
self-esteem and feelings of abandonment, and in the worst-case scenario, they may be
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subjected to torture and abuse. This can branch out to situations wherein the children will
discover harmful coping mechanisms such as vices. While new or existing guardians can
provide a safe and nurturing environment for children, they may find it difficult to do so
without help, and the breakdown of these relationships can result in children being placed
in harmful institutional care.
Furthermore, in the journal "The Psychological Well-Being among Left-Behind
Children of Labor Migrant Parents," Luot(2017) stated that in Asia, there has been a
clear trend of people, in general, and parents, in particular, leaving the countryside in
search of work. Many migrant workers are forced to leave their children at home with
caregivers, especially in households where both husband and wife work away from home.
Growing up with caregivers, on the other hand, can cause a child to form a stronger bond
with the caregiver than with their parents. Despite the consistency of their
communication, whether online or over the phone, the children believe that there are
aspects of their lives where only face-to-face interaction, particularly with their parents, is
necessary.
Cross-border migration from the Global North and South is creating new family
forms, according to Graham (2011) in his article "Migrant Parents and the
Psychological Well-Being of Left-Behind Children in Southeast Asia." In Southeast
Asia, more parents from low-income countries are joining the global labor movement to
address labor shortages in the region and beyond.
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As the population of developed countries ages and the demand for service
workers increases, the proportion of parents is to leave families and children behind and
provide home and care services to distant people. A common feature of all these
migrations is the creation of a multinational family in which the children are
geographically separated from one or both parents over a long period of time. Millions of
children may now be growing in the region in the absence of mothers and/or fathers, and
there is an urgent need to better understand the impact of family separation on health and
well-being.
According to Demurger (2015) in his article “Migration and families left
behind” depending on the circumstances, the impact of a parent's migration on those
who remain behind might be positive or negative. Even though working abroad can ease
the family budget, the families especially the children left behind may still be moved by
their parent’s migration. The OFW's employer must take into account the particular
circumstances of migration as well as the needs of family members in the home country.
Support systems for these families may need to be strengthened to assist them to cope
with any negative effects of migration, particularly on education and human capital
accumulation. Thus, working abroad can positively be a solution for families that
struggling financially but can negatively be a factor for children who would want to grow
up with their parent's companionship.
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LOCAL LITERATURE
Pajaron (2019) in her article “Family Life: Issues in Filipino Parenting Based
on Studies-Mindanao Times” that Parenting Styles demonstrates the importance of
teaching parents how to form warm and close bonds with their children. Responsive
engagement and relationships are important for a child's physical and emotional well-
being, social competence, cognitive growth, and spiritual and moral development,
according to growing research in neuroscience and developmental sciences. Therefore
international migration or being an OFW has lowering effects on family dynamics, social
interactions, and emotional growth, therefore adolescents who are going through
emotional transformations require more time with their parents.
As stated in the article entitled “19 Common OFW Problems, Causes & How to
Prevent Them” OFWs and their spouses and children are often separated by lengthy
distances, which can lead to a broken marriage and misguided lives. Husbands who work
overseas may experience homesickness and loneliness. Another female coworker who
shares feelings could ignite an unlawful relationship, therefore violating your marriage
vow. This can affect the parent’s relationship and also the child can lead to a broken
family. This somehow builds distrust both from the partners and also their child or
children. Loneliness, excessive physical desires, peer pressure, are all factors that
contribute to these situations. Scenarios like this can branch out to traumas that the child
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can experience at a young age and will be needed therapy or proper guidance for the child
to heal.
Dass (2016) in their article “Long-distance parenting woes: Anak, saan ako
nagkulang?” that most Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) who have left their children
behind wonder if their children are doing well in school and are protected from drugs and
difficulties such as unplanned pregnancy. According to sociologists, OFWs try to
alleviate their guilt about being away from their children by mailing them anything
money can buy and engaging them in regular chats via Skype and other online
communication channels, a practice known as "global parenting." Thus even though
online interactions are present, the downside is there is no physical contact that’s present.
Furthermore, Bunsoy (2019) stated in “Parenting from Afar” that children of
OFWs may develop an incomplete sense of self-identity due to a lack of role models or
their parents. Family relationships are weakening. Lack of parental supervision and
discipline can lead to deviant behaviors. Some of them have been noted to have bad
school behavior and academic performance. Children of OFWs have a similar sense of
"permanence of absence" as orphans and abandoned children. They are also at risk of
being abused or violent. While the OFW phenomenon has brought stability and financial
security to OFWs and their families, as well as the country's economy, it has also
jeopardized family stability, weakening morally, emotionally, and spiritually.
In Iso (2017) article entitled “OFWs and the Children Left Behind,” it is stated
that many parents who work overseas assume that their children understand why they
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must go and that their departure is for the benefit of their children's future. Having said
that, it's important noting that when parents leave young children, the children frequently
have no idea where their mother or father is working, let alone what kind of work they're
doing. In other words, from a young age, there is a clear absence of closeness and
connection. Most Filipino migrant parents feel that relationship intimacy is determined by
parents' determination to perform their responsibilities, not by their physical proximity
and that emigration is part of how parents fulfill their responsibilities for their children.
They leave the house and give up time with their children because they love them. While
these parents find it difficult to be apart from their children, they do so to "provide for the
child's material requirements." It is important to note that because of the money transfers
received by the left-behind family, Philippine households view overseas work as a means
of achieving economic goals.
Aguilar (2020) in the journal entitled “Technology-mediated parenting: Narratives
of Left behind Adolescent Children of Overseas Filipino Workers” stated several
findings, First, the left-behind children recognize the economic upturn brought about by
overseas employment resulting to their family’s increased purchasing capacity. Second,
communication mediated by technology (skype, facebook, messenger) are heavily relied
upon by parents to “parent” their children. Despite the consistency of communication, the
children think that there are areas in their lives that only a face-to-face encounter would
suffice, especially between them and their mother. Third, familial roles are reconfigured
as the oldest child, most often the daughter becomes the pseudo-parent, requiring a lot of
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effort and time resulting to emotional and academic difficulties on her part. It is
recommended that higher education institutions provide appropriate interventions to
address the needs of these students.
FOREIGN STUDIES
DeWaard, Nobles, and Donato (2018) stated in their comparative assessment
entitled “Migration and parental absence: A comparative assessment of
transnational families in Latin America” Children living in families with absent
parents due to migration are less likely to co-reside with extended family members and to
fare better in terms of household assets, relative to children living in other family forms.
Smeekens (2012) stated in his theses entitled “Overseas labor migration of
parents: Health of their left-behind adolescent children in the Philippines”
Migratory separation from parents is a common situation for youth in the Philippines
since many parents work abroad as Overseas Filipino workers (OFW) to improve the
financial situation of their remaining-behind families. The absence of a parent could be a
main source of stress for adolescents and stressful life events are known to have a severe
impact on physical health.
In addition, Diaz (2018) stated in their study “Coping Mechanisms of Philippine
Students? Left Behind By OFW Parents” Students nowadays are experiencing school
life without the presence of their parents. While many children have experienced a
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decline in classroom performance while parents are away, many were also found to have
performed excellently through various mechanisms.
Saguin (2020) stated in his study “Returning broke and broken? Return
migration, reintegration and transnational social protection in the Philippines”, that
most overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) return home broke despite years of earning more
than what they can in the Philippines. This poor saving behavior among Filipino migrant
workers has been attributed to their unwillingness to save.
Zhao, C. (2018) stated in their study entitled “Impact of parental migration on
the psychosocial well-being of children left behind: a qualitative study in rural
China” that prolonged separation following migration often disrupted parent-child
relationships and resulted in emotional difficulties in children. The emotional impacts
may lead to psychosocial risks, particularly among left-behind children living with
multiple adversities in the family. Invulnerable left-behind families, grandparents’ care
may be inadequate to meet the needs in child development and well-being. Both migrant
parents and co-resident caregivers need additional support in better engaging children and
promoting their resilience.
LOCAL STUDIES
Awisan (2016) in their assessment “An Assessment on the Effects of Having OFW
Parents in the Academic Performance of SLU Students” stated that the Philippine
situation of poverty, unemployment, and underemployment caused a lot of Filipinos to
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decide to work abroad. This decision can affect the child, emotionally, socially, and
academically. It can also affect the family-child relationship due to a lack of guidance,
communication, and motivation.
Maculada, M. (2017) studied the “Effects of Having an OFW Parent on the
Academic Performance of Grade 12 Students of NDEI” and states that the
perseverance of students in fulfilling their desire to finish their study is measureless
because their parents are miles away from them they are still courageous and
unobstructed in doing everything just to make them proud. It is also understandable that
students may be undergoing some changes in their behaviors that can affect their
performance in their studies, and as parents, they have their responsibilities in motivating
and counseling their children which I think most essential thing they must do. This may
also lead to a positive effect on their OFW parents since they are aware that their children
are growing up as successful individuals and their hard work as migrant parents are paid.
In addition, Refuerzo (2015) stated in their study entitled “Motivations And Goals
Of Students With OFW Parents” The steady rise of Filipinos migrating overseas to
venture for more viable employment for the sake of providing for the needs of the family
is already a known fact in the Philippines. The phenomenon of Overseas Filipino
Workers, Migrant Filipino Parents, and Transnational Families is and has been a growing
social issue in the Philippines. Numerous studies and literature present changes in family
dynamics and effects of OFW parents leaving behind their children to the care and
supervision of one parent or other family members have been delved into. Among the
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themes of interest are the effects of OFW parents on the educational growth and
academic well-being of the children left behind parents have the moral obligation and
responsibilities for the upbringing and development of their children. But with the
absence of the parents, technological mechanisms like cellular phones and computers
have become the default substitute to personal parenting; this will still not replace the
emotional bonding that can develop in the relationship when they are physically present.
At the same time, they will miss the growing up years of their children and their value
formation parents have the moral obligation and responsibilities for the upbringing and
development of their children. But with the absence of the parents, technological
mechanisms like cellular phones and computers have become the default substitute to
personal parenting; this will still not replace the emotional bonding that can develop in
the relationship when they are physically present.
SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART
The related literature and studies mentioned above have aided this research, but
they have revealed some similarities and differences in terms of the main problem, which
is the impact of having an OFW parent/s on the children. The studies, on the other hand,
provided a wealth of information and substantial knowledge that is relevant to the current
study.
The article "Parenting styles" by Amir Villiani (2022) is the most closely
related to the current study because it is stated here that parents must fulfill their
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responsibilities regardless of distance because this will not only aid the children's
motivation for their studies but also the "meaningless" feeling of being abandoned by
their beloved parents. This made the researchers look beyond to identify the possible
solutions to formulate the current study.
As aforementioned, the related studies have significantly contributed to the
information required for the study's conduct and its foundation on factual data that relates
to students whose parents work abroad and discusses the effects of responsible parenting.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Two theories anchored this study in coverage of the impact on the children of
having OFWs as parents, which are Attachment Theory developed by John Bowlby
and Mary Ainsworth (1958) that emphasized relationships and bonds between people,
particularly long-term relationships, including those between a parent and child. With this
being said, it is the parent’s responsibility for the development of their children for the
better growth of the children and their well-being. Refuerzo (2015) agrees. The theory
has four stages: (1) Pre-attachment From birth to 6 weeks, the child shows no
attachment to the parents. (2) Indiscriminate At 6 weeks to 7 months, the child slowly
shows attachment to the parents. (4) Discriminate At 7+ months, the child develops a
strong attachment to the parents. (5) Multiples After 10+ months, the attachment turns
into an unbreakable bond.
In connection with this, the theory shows that the OFW parents would not be able
to fulfill the stages of attachment. Thus, a bond or attachment between the parents and
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their children will be difficult to develop. According to the theory, if a child feels
attached to his or her parents, the child will have better behavior and character
development.
The Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler Model of the Parent Involvement Process,
developed by Kathleen Hoover-Dempsey and Howard Sandler (2005), contends that
children who have their parents involved in their growth and development are more likely
to develop a strong, positive sense of efficacy for achieving success in school-related
tasks than children who do not have their parents involved. This theory divides parents'
efforts to help their children learn into four categories: involvement through
encouragement, involvement through modeling, involvement through reinforcement, and
involvement through instruction. Academic self-efficacy is not about what kids think they
can do well; it's about how they expect to perform in a given activity, whether positively
or negatively.
These theories are relevant to this study because poor academic performance can
be attributed to a lack of parental supervision and discipline. OFW parents work
primarily for financial reasons to achieve financial stability Bunsoy (2019). However,
this has an emotional cost for the children who remain at home: they feel abandoned. As
a result, OFW parents must prepare their children for the psychological issues that their
OFW parents may experience. It is feared that their prolonged absence will create a sense
of meaninglessness. As a result, while they are away, OFW parents must ensure that their
children's feelings are compensated for by maintaining constant communication.
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The theories provided for the theoretical paradigm are the Attachment Theory,
which focuses on the child's growth and development and is primarily the responsibility
of the parent to have an attachment with their children at an early age; the Hoover-
Dempsey and Sandler Model of the Parent Involvement Process, on the other hand, is
based on the parental guidance that a child deserves as they look up to their parents as
role models in life, for them to succeed in school and the future.
Figure 1 shows the theoretical paradigm of the study anchored on the following
theories on Attachment Theory and Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler Model of the Parent
Involvement Process.
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Parental Success and Parent-child

guidance to achievement of attachment and
education children
support
Figure 1: Theoretical Paradigm
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Using the IPO Model, the Input, Process, and Output of the research is indicated,
The Input consists of the profile of the Grade 11 and 12 students of La Consolacion
College Iriga in terms of their age, sex, level, and the respondent’s relationship with their
parents and how they provide for them. This also contains the questions that are aimed to
be answered in the statement of the problem.
The Process includes how the researchers implemented their distribution and their
evaluation of the questionnaires for the research. It covers every procedure the
researchers did namely the distribution and retrieval of questionnaires, especially the
analysis and tallying of the data provided by the respondents.
The Output indicates the summarized findings and how the researchers concluded
the assessment of the questionnaire of Responsible Parenthood: Its Impact On Children
Of OFW Parents In The Senior High School Student Department of La Consolacion
College Iriga and the recommendations that would benefit the future researchers
regarding this topic.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Respondent’s Profile
- Age
-Sex
-Grade/Level
2. Does the respondent have a
close relationship to his/her  The student’s

parent/s? assessment of
 Distribution of
questionnaire answers of
3. How often does his/her parent
 Data Gathering having an OFW
visit the country?  as parent/s
 Tallying of data  Conclusions
4. Does the parent/s provide
 Analysis
 Possible solution to the  Data
enough for the family? Education?
problem interpretation and
Needs?
summarized
5. What is the impact of the distant findings
parenting of OFW parents as  Recommendation
for future
perceive by their children in terms
researchers
of;
- Emotional
- Mental
- Social
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Figure 2: Conceptual Paradigm
NOTES
Zhao, C. (2018, June 15). Impact of parental migration on psychosocial well-being of
children left behind: a qualitative study in rural China. International Journal for
Equity in Health. Retrieved from
https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-018-0795-
z#citeas (2021, December 6)
DeWaard, J., Nobles, J., & Donato, K. M. (2018).Migration and parental absence: A
comparative assessment of transnational families in L atin A merica. Population,
space and place, 24(7), e2166. Retrieved from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/psp.2166 (2021, March 13)
Smeekens, C. (2013). Overseas labour migration of parents: Health of their left-behind
adolescent children in the Philippines (Master's thesis).Retrieved from
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/260150 (2021, March 14)
Saguin, K. (2020). Returning broke and broken? Return migration, reintegration and
transnational social protection in the Philippines. Migration and Development,
9(3), 352-368. Retrieved from
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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787100 (2021,
December 3)
Awisan, B. (2016). An Assessment on the Effects of Having OFW Parents in the
Academic Performance of SLU Students.Retrieved from
http://itceprints.slu.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1891 (2021, March 14)
Refuerzo, M. E. (2015). Motivations and Goals of Students with OFW Parents.Retrieved
from http://itceprints.slu.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1051 (2021,
March 13)
Maculada, B. M. P. (2017, December 10). The Effects of having an OFW parent to the
Acad perf of student. Academia.Edu. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/35395430/The_Effects_of_having_an_OFW_parent_t
o_the_Acad_perf_of_student (2021, December 6)
Hoover‐Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L.,
Wilkins, A. S., & Closson, K. (2005). Why Do Parents Become Involved?
Research Findings and Implications. The Elementary School Journal, 106(2),
105–130. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1086/499194 (2022, March 5)
Valliani, A. (2022, February 18). Parenting styles. DAWN.COM. Retrieved from
https://www.dawn.com/news/1675689 (2022, March 2)
Pajaron, E. (2019, October 25). Family Life | Issues in Filipino Parenting Based on
Studies – Mindanao Times. Mindanaotimes.Com.Ph. Retrieved from
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https://mindanaotimes.com.ph/2019/10/25/family-life-issues-in-filipino-
parenting-based-on-studies/ (2022, March 2)
(2021, November 10). 19 Common OFW Problems And Solutions - Pinoy OFW. News.
Retrieved from https://www.pinoy-ofw.com/news/24177-ofw-problems.html
(2022, March 4)
Dass, J. (2016, July 23). Long distance parenting woes: Anak,saan ako nagkulang? The
Filipino Times. Retrieved from
https://filipinotimes.net/top-stories/2016/07/23/long-distance-parenting-woes-
anaksaan-ako-nagkulang/ (2022, March 4)
Bunsoy, R. (2019, May 23). Parenting from Afar. Familywise Asia. Retrieved from
http://www.familywiseasia.com/parenting-from-afar/ (2022, March 4)
Iso, G. M. (2017, August 3). OFWs and the Children Left Behind. PhilippineOne.
Retrieved from https://philippineone.com/ofws-and-the-children-left-behind/
(2022, March 4)
Zhao, M. (2022, March 4). Children and Migration | Better Care Network.
Bettercarenetwork.Org. Retrieved from
https://bettercarenetwork.org/library/particular-threats-to-childrens-care-and-
protection/children-and-migration (2022, March 5)
Luot, N., & Dat, N. (2017). The Psychological Well-Being among Left-Behind Children
of Labor Migrant Parents in Rural Northern Vietnam. Open Journal of Social
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Sciences, 5(6). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.56017 (2022,
March 6)
Graham, E., & Jordan, L. P. (2011). Migrant Parents and the Psychological Well-Being
of Left-Behind Children in Southeast Asia. Journal of Marriage and Family,
73(4), 763–787. Retrived from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00844.x
(2022, March 6)
Démurger, S. (2015, April 1). Migration and families left behind. Wol.Iza.Org.
Retrieved from
https://wol.iza.org/articles/migration-and-families-left-behind/long (2022, March
7)
Aguilar, M. V. G. (2020). Technology-mediated parenting: Narratives of Leftbehind
Adolescent Children of Overseas Filipino Workers. Journal of Asian Review of
Public Affairs and Policy, 5(1).Retrieved from
https://home.kku.ac.th/arpap/index.php/arpap/article/view/183 (2021, March 14)
Diaz, K. A. (2018, February 2). Coping Mechanisms Of Philippine Students? Left
Behind By Ofw Parents. Ideas.Reperec.Org. Retrieved from
https://ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/6408416.html (2022, March 18)
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher's methodologies and procedures for investigating the
problem are presented. It also includes details on the study's methodology, participants,
and research instruments. The data collection, analysis, and analytical framework, as well
as data validity and reliability, are all discussed.
RESEARCH METHOD
The quantitative research method was used in this study and the descriptive
approach to determine the prevalence of specific problems and the need for new or
expanded solutions to address these problems and gather quantifiable data for statistical
analysis of a population sample Bhat (2021).
With the use of this approach, the researchers will be able to identify the nature and
phenomenon with the use of the questionnaires on the impact of having OFW parent/s on
children.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
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The researchers will limit the study to only students of La Consolacion College
Iriga from Gr.11-12. Specifically, 5 students per level will be used. In total, 10
respondents will be needed for the study.
GRADE/LEVEL NO. OF RESPONDENTS
11 5
12 5
TOTAL: 10
Table 1: Distribution of Respondents
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Purposive sampling was used in this research. This sampling technique is an
efficient method of sample selection. In this case, the researcher relies on their
knowledge to select the most appropriate participants for the systematic investigation. It
was difficult finding respondents that have OFW parent/s which made the number of
respondents fewer than expected.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The questionnaire was used in this survey that was made up of sequences of
questions and other information from the respondents also with the use of Google Forms.
It will be answered by each respondent to acquire information about the impact on
children of having an OFW parent in Grade 11 and 12 of La Consolacion College Iriga.
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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The data gathering procedure is required to keep the research's authenticity. The
researcher used three stages: development, outsourcing, and retrieval.
Development. The researchers constructed the questionnaires answered by the
respondents which were divided into two (2) parts. Firstly, the profile of the students
containing their Age, Sex, and Grade/Level of the respondent, and secondly is the
questions that are entirely based on the Statement of the Problem of this study. With this,
the researchers will be able to formulate and provide answers for the problem of this
study. Next, the researchers constructed letters of validation for the questionnaires
validated by the research proctor. Letter for the respondents was also constructed and
signed by the researchers and with approval of the research proctor,
Outsourcing. The researchers handed out the survey questionnaires together with
the letter to the respondent to their corresponding respondents with the use of Google
forms and social media communication apps. Instructions are also stated in the survey for
the respondents before answering.
Retrieval and Analysis. Within 2 weeks, the researchers were able to retrieve all of
the questionnaires answered by the respondents, lastly, the researchers counted and
evaluated the data with the use of the statistical treatment of data. In addition, all the
information provided by the respondents is disclosed among the researchers and will only
be used for this study.
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Research 2021-2022
Procedures and November December January February March
Time Budget
16. Formulated
the title
17. Identified
the
problems
18. Worked out
for Chapter
1 and 2.
19. Prepared
the
questionnai
re that will
be used
20. Validated
the
questionnai
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re
21. Revised the
instrument
22. Secured
permit to
distribute
survey
questionnai
re.
23. Administer
ed the
survey
questionnai
re.
24. Retrieved
the
questionnai
re
25. Processed
data
26. Worked out
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for Chapter
27. Interpreted
the data
28. Worked out
for
Chapter 4
and 5
29. Final
defense
30. Submitted
the final
edited.
Table 2: Gantt chart for the Research Procedure
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
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The following are treatments applied in the study:
Percentage Technique. It is used to determine the relationship between the data.
This is very useful in assessing the survey responses and other data.
Frequency Distribution. It is used to determine the number of times an event
happened in the study.
Percentage Technique
P =percentage
F =frequency
N =number of respondents
P= f X 100
Frequency Distribution
WM= weighted mean
TWF= total weight frequency
TWF
N= total number of respondents WM=
N
CRITERIA RANGE DESCRIPTIONS
5 4.1-5.0 Strongly Agree
4 3.1-4.0 Agree
3 2.1-3.0 Neutral
2 1.1-2.0 Disagree
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1 0-1.0 Strongly Disagree
Table 3: Likert Scale
The assessment shown in Table 3 shows the descriptions and criteria and are
indicated as, 5-Strongly Agree, 4-Agree, 3-Neutral, 2-Disagree, and 1-Strongly Disagree.
NOTES
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Ellen, S. (2020). Slovin's Formula Sampling Techniques. Sciencing. Retrieved from
https://sciencing.com/slovins-formula-sampling-techniques-5475547.html (2021,
March 14)
Lavrakas, P. J. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods (Vols. 1-0). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412963947. Retrieved from
http://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyclopedia-of-survey-research-
methods/n372.xml (2021, March 14)
Allen, M. (2017). The sage encyclopedia of communication research methods (Vols. 1-
4). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc doi: 10.4135/9781483381411.
Retrieved from http://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-
communication-research-methods (2021, March 14)
Descriptive Research Studies | Research Connections. (n.d.). Researchconnections.Org.
Retrieved from https://www.researchconnections.org/research-tools/study-design-
and-analysis/descriptive-research-studies (2022, March 12)
Bhat, A. (2021, December 17). Descriptive Research: Definition, Characteristics,
Methods, Examples and Advantages. QuestionPro. Retrieved from
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/descriptive-research/ (2022, March 12)
(2021, September 27). Purposive Sampling: Definition, Types, Examples. Formpl.Us.
Retrieved from https://www.formpl.us/blog/purposive-sampling (2022, March 12)
CHAPTER IV
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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter shows the acquired data, which was formulated and analyzed for the
purpose of presenting data in a clearer form for better comprehension and finding a
solution to the provided problem. Data interpretation was based on the statistical methods
used by the researcher.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
The profile of the students namely the Age, Sex, and their Grade/Level are gathered
by the researchers.
17 7 70% 1
18 2 20% 2
16 1 10% 3
TOTAL: 10 100%
Table 4: Age Distribution of Respondents
Table 4 shows the age distribution of the respondents. Out of the 10 students, 7 or
70% are 17 yrs. old, 2 or 20% are 18 yrs .old, and 1 or 10% are 16 yrs. old. The
distribution shows that most of the students are 17 yrs. old and the least is 16 yrs. old.
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Female 8 80% 1
Male 2 20% 2
TOTAL: 10 100%
Table 5: Sex Distribution of Respondents
Table 5 shows the sex distribution of the respondents. It states that 8 or 80% are
female, while 2 or 20% are male. It is also said that the eldest daughter with OFW parents
will serve as the pseudo-parent of the household (Aguilar 2020) Therefore the study
contains more females than males.
Gr.11 5 50% -
Gr.12 5 50% -
TOTAL: 10 100%
Table 6: Grade/Level Distribution of Respondents
Table 6 shows the grade/level distribution of the respondents. It states that both
Gr.11 and 12 students have 5 respondents and 10 in total.
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HYPOTHESIS TESTING
The Chi-square analysis p-value is 0.000719544, which indicates that the null
hypothesis is rejected. Specifically, there is a connection between distant parenting as
OFW parents to their relationship towards their children.
A limitation of this study is the limited number of participants, making the result
less generalizable, although the result is suggestive in some cases. Having migrant OFW
parent/s working abroad can affect the child-parent relationship of the individuals.
EVALUATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE RESPONDENTS TO THEIR
OFW PARENT/S
I have a close relationship with my 4.3 Agree
parent/s
I get to call or text my parent/s 4.3 Agree
when I’m in need
I understand why my parent/s 4.8 Agree
I spent my childhood with my 2.9 Neutral
parent/s
I am closer to my 2.9 Neutral
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guardians/parental figures than my
own parent/s
Table 7: Evaluation of the relationship of the respondents to their OFW Parent/s
Table 7 shows the relationship of the respondents to their OFW Parent/s. It shows
that the SHS students do understand that their parent/s chose to work abroad as their
career which shows the highest weighted mean of 4.8 because usually the students are in
their late adolescence and can be understanding to their parents in any circumstance (Iso
2017) However, this may be a cover-up for them to cope with this situation because many
children found to have performed excellently through various coping mechanisms. (Diaz
2018)
On the other hand, the parent/s may have left their child since the weighted mean
of 2.9 shows that the students hardly had the time to spend their childhood with their
parents and the parents will miss the growing up years of their child/children (Refuerzo
2019). However, the parent/s did maintain their relationship with their children which is
shown in the weighted mean of 4.3 despite the distance with the use of social media
messaging apps to help with their communication (Dass 2016) . Overall, the parent/s
would always make ways for them to have a strong relationship with their children no
matter how long or far their distance and time is.
EVALUATION ON HOW OFTEN THE PARENT/S VISIT THE COUNTRY
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My parent/s visit the country 3.4 Agree
during seasonal occasions
My parent/s visit the country every 2.8 Neutral
2 years
My parent/s visit the country every 3.5 Agree
year
I got used with my parent/s not 2.9 Neutral
My parent/s vacation is long 2.8 Neutral
Table 8: Evaluation on how often the OFW parent/s visit the country
Table 8 shows how often does the OFW parent/s visit the country. The respondents
agreed with a weighted mean of 3.5 that their parents visit the country every year. The
expenses may be a factor why OFWs do not visit the country often. OFWs also
experience problems in finance or budget whenever they visit the country. (Saguin 2020)
But the students did indicate that their parents make ways for them to visit the country.
Moreover, the respondents are neutral with the weighted mean of 2.8 that their
parents also visit the country every 2 years, and their vacation, once they visit, is longer
than usual since there are emotional connections between the child and the OFW parent
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that can be felt by face-to-face connections than a virtual one (Luot 2017). This indicates
that due to the expenses and some other factors that affect their trip going home, the
OFWs still do make ways to visit the country and spend every moment with their family
once they visit.
EVALUATION ON HOW OFW PARENT/S PROVIDE FOR THEIR CHILDREN
My parent/s also financially 4.2 Strongly Agree
support our extended families
(Grandfather, Grandmother, Uncle,
Aunt, etc.)
My parent/s salary is fit for all our 4.3 Strongly Agree
wants and needs
My family gets to receive a 3.8 Agree
My parent/s can afford my 4.6 Strongly Agree
educational needs
I receive an allowance from my 4.0 Agree
parent/s
Table 9: Evaluation of how OFW parent/s provide for their children
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Table 9 shows how the OFW parents provide for their children. The highest weighted
mean of 4.6 states that the students strongly agree that their OFW parent/s can provide
their educational expenses since one of the reasons why OFW parent/s chose their career
is for economic purposes and for a high income (Graham 2011) This indicates that
usually, OFWs work overseas for a better income in order for their children to have a
more stable and better future.
Overall, the parent/s salary is put to good use and mostly for their families that are
left from their home country and not for other intentions.
EVALUATION ON THE EFFECTS OF HAVING OFW PARENT/S IN SOME
ASPECTS (EMOTIONAL, MENTAL, SOCIAL)
STATEMENTS WEIGHTED DESCRIPTIVE

MEAN RATING
Sometimes I would question my value to 2.7 Neutral

them (OFW parent/s)
I often feel sad/upset that my parent/s isn’t 3.2 Agree

here with me
I often picture myself with my family 4.4 Strongly Agree

complete
I feel proud having an OFW parent/s 4.6 Strongly Agree

Our house feels empty without the presence 4.3 Strongly Agree
of my parent/s
Table 10: Evaluation on the effects of having OFW parent/s in an Emotional Aspect
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Table 10 shows the effects of having OFW parent/s in an Emotional Aspect. It is
indicated in the highest weighted mean which is 4.6 that the students strongly agreed that
they are proud of having OFW parent/s. This shows how thankful the students are for
their parent’s hard work for them.
There are times also where the family feels incomplete without the parents
indicated in the weighted mean of 4.3 states that the students agree that their home feels
empty without their parent/s. Usually, children at a young age would always prefer to be
with their parents more than any other family member as said that grandparents or co-
resident caregivers can not give the same emotional support that the parents can give
(Zhao 2018) .
The lowest weighted mean on the other hand is 2.7 and it states that the students
are neutral about questioning their value to their own parents due to a coping mechanism
called acceptance or accepting something of what it is (Iso 2017). This shows that they
do not have to think twice when it comes to how their parents see their worth since the
parent may be guiding them properly to avoid these certain thoughts.
I have a hard time with my studies 2.1 Neutral
without the presence of my
parent/s
I'm lacking the guidance of my 3.1 Agree
OFW parent/s in making decisions
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I learned how to behave 4.2 Strongly Agree
independently without my parent/s
I overthink about what my parent/s 3.6 Agree
do abroad
I understand why my parent/s 4.5 Strongly Agree
chose to be an OFW as a
profession
Table 11: Evaluation on the effects of having OFW parent/s in a Mental Aspect
Table 11 shows the effects of having OFW parent/s in a mental aspect. It is said that
the students strongly agree with a weighted mean of 4.5 that they understand why their
parents chose to be an OFW as a profession since the children when undergoing puberty,
tend to understand slowly their parent’s chosen profession as a part of maturing and
growth (Iso 2017). Meanwhile they also strongly agree with a weighted mean of 4.2 that
they learned how to behave independently without their parents guiding them. This may
have positive and negative factors namely the child can live without being dependent on
another person but the child may also have the chance to isolate themselves because they
are used to being alone.(DeWaard, Nobles, and Donato 2018)
In means of studies, the students are neutral with a weighted mean of 2.1 when it
comes to having a hard time in their studies (Bunsoy 2019). This implies that children
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growing up learn how to self-teach themselves when it comes to their studies and it is a
positive factor and a sign of good growth of the child.
I feel left out during family 3.0 Neutral
I feel comfortable whenever there 3.9 Agree
are other people like me who have
OFW parent/s
I know a few people that shares the 4.1 Strongly Agree
same experience as mine
I feel awkward whenever I spend 2.3 Neutral
time with my parent/s
I get bullied/isolated from people 1.3 Disagree
Table 12: Evaluation on the effects of having OFW parent/s in a Social Aspect
Table 12 shows the effects of having OFW parent/s in a social aspect. It is said the
students strongly agree with a weighted mean of 4.1 that they also know a few people
that have OFW parents as well. This indicated that it is pretty common for some Filipino
families due to the lack of job opportunities and a salary that can hardly provide for a
family (Smeekens 2012). Furthermore, the lowest weighted mean of 1.3 states that the
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students disagree that they get bullied/isolated for having an incomplete family. As
society evolves, unlike before bullying lessens as time passes.
NOTES
Adolescent Children of Overseas Filipino Workers. Journal of Asian Review of Public
Affairs and Policy, 5(1).Retrieved from
https://home.kku.ac.th/arpap/index.php/arpap/article/view/183 (2021, December 6)
transnational social protection in the Philippines. Migration and Development, 9(3), 352-
368. Retrieved from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787100 (2021, December
3)
children left behind: a qualitative study in rural China. International Journal for Equity in
Health. Retrieved from https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-
018-0795-z#citeas (2021, December 6)
comparative assessment of transnational families in L atin A merica. Population, space
and place, 24(7), e2166. Retrieved from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/psp.2166 (2021, December 6)
70
Iriga Campus
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/260150 (2021, December 6)
of Labor Migrant Parents in Rural Northern Vietnam. Open Journal of Social Sciences,
5(6). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.56017 (2022, March 6)
(2022, March 4)
Filipino Times. Retrieved from https://filipinotimes.net/top-stories/2016/07/23/long-
distance-parenting-woes-anaksaan-ako-nagkulang/
(2022, March 4)
of Left-Behind Children in Southeast Asia. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(4), 763–
787. Retrived from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00844.x (2022, March 6)
71
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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, salient findings, conclusions, and
recommendations on the impact on children of OFW parents in the Senior high school
student department.
Summary
This study was deemed to determine the responsible parenthood: its impact on
children of OFW parents in the senior high school student department of La Consolacion
College Iriga. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions; What is the
profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, and grade/level; Does the respondent have
a close relationship with his/her OFW parent/s?; How often does his/her OFW parent/s
visit the country?; Does the OFW parent/s provide enough for the family? Education?
Needs?; and What is the impact of the distant parenting of OFW parents as perceived by
their children in terms of; a.) Emotional, b.) Mental, and c.) Social.
This study utilized a quantitative method specifically the descriptive survey method. The
respondents of the study were the 10 students from Grade 11 and 12 of the Senior High School
department of La Consolacion College-Iriga. To gather the needed data this study developed a
survey questionnaire and administered it via Google Forms to determine the demographic profile,
close relationship with his/her OFW parent/s, frequency of country visitation, sustenance, and
impact of distant parenting.
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Problem No. 1: What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
d. Age
e. Sex
f. Grade/Level
FINDINGS
The profile of the respondents based on the gathered data among the 10 samples
(a) 7 or 70% with an age of 17, 2 or 20%with an age of 18, and 1 or 10% with an age of
16. (b) While 8 or 80% were female and 2 or 20% were male. This indicates that there are
more female respondents than male respondents. (c) For the grade/level, both Grade 11
and Grade 12 share the same number of distribution which is 50% per level.
CONCLUSIONS
The respondents are equally distributed from grades 11 and 12 but the majority of the
respondents are composed of a female under the age of 17.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Parents should be aware that this period is critical for their children's development, and
they should not entrust their eldest children with the task of caring for their younger
siblings.
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Problem No.2: Does the respondent have a close relationship with his/her OFW
parent/s?
FINDINGS
Based on the responses of the respondents, they agreed and understand why their
parents choose to work abroad with a mean of 4.8 and they have a close relationship with
their parents and got a call when they are in need with a mean of 4.3. While I spent my
childhood with my parent/s and I am closer to my guardians/parental figures than my
own parent/s ranked last with a mean of 2.9.
CONCLUSIONS
The OFW parents and their children preserve their close relationship and are
aware of the current circumstances through communication, even if they are separated.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Frequent communication between parents and children must be maintained and
prioritized to strengthen the relationship between individuals.
Problem No.3
How often does his/her OFW parent/s visit the country?
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FINDINGS
According to the findings of the study, respondents expect their OFW parents to visit
them once a year during special occasions. Even if their OFW parents visit the country
only once a year. The respondents agreed that their OFW parents would only spend a
short time in our country on vacation.
CONCLUSIONS
The study concludes that during holiday periods of the year, OFWs typically visit
the country to celebrate those occasions and to give presents for their families. Thus,
despite budgetary concerns, OFW parents continue to visit; however, the study concluded
that they only stay for a short period of time.
RECOMMENDATIONS
OFW parent/s should learn how to budget their money in order for it to be used for their
family’s needs and important matters.
Problem No.4
Do the OFW parent/s provide enough for the family? Education? Needs?
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FINDINGS
The respondents are satisfied with the provision of their OFW parents and appreciate
their hard work. However, even if the OFW parents sustain the respondent's financial
needs, the study reveals that all of the respondents strongly agreed with the statements
about how their OFW parents successfully sustained their needs.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the data, it is truly proven that OFW parent/s financially support their
children's education and needs, and they are highly motivated to provide their children
with good education and future. Overall, the children do not face financial difficulties as
a result of their OFW parent/s.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The OFW parent/s should be aware that a strong child-parent relationship isn’t bound
by money but with companionship and guidance towards their children.
Problem No.5
What is the concern of having an OFW as a parent/s can affect the respondent in the
following aspects:
a.Emotional
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b.Mental
c.Social
FINDINGS
The study revealed that (a) the respondents prefer their parents to reside in their
home country rather than work abroad. Moreover, most of the respondents feel upset
about their parents as OFW because of the long distance relationship between the
respondents and their parents. (b) The respondents strongly agreed on how their studies
were being taken care of. However, respondents also stated that they continue to lack
parental guidance. (c) The respondents do not feel isolated from their family members. In
addition, they share the same experiences with other children that have OFW parents.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, experiencing parental abandonment can seriously impact a child's
well-being and even their mental health, making the personal lives of OFW parent/s a
sensitive subject to discuss. In contrast, children may struggle with decision-making due
to a lack of guidance from their OFW parent(s).
RECOMMENDATIONS
Consistency of communication and guidance of the OFW parent/s abroad towards their
children can reduce their feeling of abandonment and can prosper independent children.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Articles & Journals
children left behind: a qualitative study in rural China. International Journal for
Equity in Health. Retrieved from
https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-018-0795-
z#citeas (2021, December 6)
Valliani, A. (2022, February 18). Parenting styles. DAWN.COM. Retrieved from
https://www.dawn.com/news/1675689 (2022, March 2)
Pajaron, E. (2019, October 25). Family Life | Issues in Filipino Parenting Based on
Studies – Mindanao Times. Mindanaotimes.Com.Ph. Retrieved from
https://mindanaotimes.com.ph/2019/10/25/family-life-issues-in-filipino-
parenting-based-on-studies/ (2022, March 2)
Filipino Times. Retrieved from
https://filipinotimes.net/top-stories/2016/07/23/long-distance-parenting-woes-
anaksaan-ako-nagkulang/ (2022, March 4)
78
Iriga Campus
(2022, March 4)
Zhao, M. (2022, March 4). Children and Migration | Better Care Network.
Bettercarenetwork.Org. Retrieved from
https://bettercarenetwork.org/library/particular-threats-to-childrens-care-and-
protection/children-and-migration (2022, March 5)
of Labor Migrant Parents in Rural Northern Vietnam. Open Journal of Social
Sciences, 5(6). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.56017 (2022,
March 6)
of Left-Behind Children in Southeast Asia. Journal of Marriage and Family,
73(4), 763–787. Retrived from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00844.x
(2022, March 6)
Adolescent Children of Overseas Filipino Workers. Journal of Asian Review of
Public Affairs and Policy, 5(1).Retrieved from
https://home.kku.ac.th/arpap/index.php/arpap/article/view/183 (2021, March 14)
B. Sample Research
79
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comparative assessment of transnational families in L atin A merica. Population,
space and place, 24(7), e2166. Retrieved from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/psp.2166 (2021, March 13)
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/260150 (2021, March 14)
transnational social protection in the Philippines. Migration and Development,
9(3), 352-368. Retrieved from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21632324.2020.1787100 (2021,
December 3)
Awisan, B. (2016). An Assessment on the Effects of Having OFW Parents in the
Academic Performance of SLU Students.Retrieved from
http://itceprints.slu.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1891 (2021, March 14)
from http://itceprints.slu.edu.ph:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1051 (2021,
March 13)
Maculada, B. M. P. (2017, December 10). The Effects of having an OFW parent to the
Acad perf of student. Academia.Edu. Retrieved from
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Iriga Campus
https://www.academia.edu/35395430/The_Effects_of_having_an_OFW_parent_t
o_the_Acad_perf_of_student (2021, December 6)
Diaz, K. A. (2018, February 2). Coping Mechanisms Of Philippine Students? Left
Behind By Ofw Parents. Ideas.Reperec.Org. Retrieved from
https://ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/6408416.html (2022, March 18)
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APPENDIX A
PERMIT TO CONDUCT
Sr. Flolyn S. Catungal, OSA
President
La Consolacion College - Iriga Campus
San Francisco, Iriga City
To Whom This May Concern.
Greetings!
We, the undersigned are Senior high school students taking the Humanity and Social
Sciences (HUMSS) strand, presently conducting a research entitled "Responsible
parent:Its Impact on children of OFW Parents in the Senior High School Student
department of La Consolacion College Iriga" as part of the requirements in Practical
Research 2 and 3I's. In this regard, the researchers request for your approval to allow us
to conduct a survey among the students in Grade 12 Level of Senior High School
Department. Rest assured that all information gathered will be kept in utmost
confidentiality and will be used only for research purposes.
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We, the researchers, are hoping that this request will merit your favorable approval.
Thank you and God bless.
Respectfully Yours,
(Sgd) ARANDIA CAILIN ISABEL R.
(Sgd) EGIPTO ABE DEANIELV.
(Sgd) OCAMPO JOHN CARLO C.
(Sgd) MANAOG, ERICO
NOTED:(Sgd) RECHILDA L. HUGO, MAE
SHS Coordinator
APPROVED: (Sgd) JOCYLINE L. MALINAO, MAELM
Principal/ President
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APPENDIX B
LETTER TO RESPONDENTS
Dear Respondent,
Good Day!
We would like to ask permission for you to be one of our respondents regarding our research titled
“RESPOSIBLE PARENTHOOD: ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF OFW PARENTS IN THE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE
IRIGA” This study aims to identify how having OFW parents can affect the emotional, social, and
mental aspects of the students.
We would be grateful for your utmost cooperation and any information you provided will be fully
confidential will only be used for academic purposes.
Thank You and Godspeed.

CAILIN ISABEL R. ARANDIA
Noted by:
ABE DEANIEL V. EGIPTO
JOHN CARLO C. OCAMPO
ERICO MANAOG
Researchers
Arandia, Cailin Isabel R.
Group Leader
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APPENDIX C
QUESTIONNAIRE
I. Profile of Students
Full Name: ________________
Age:_____
Sex: Male
Female
Level: Gr.11
Gr.12
II. Does the respondent have a close relationship with his/her OFW parent/s?
Survey Questions Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Disagree Disagree
I have a close relationship with
my parent/s
I get to call or text my parent/s

when I’m in need
I understand why my parent/s
I spent my childhood with my
parent/s
I am closer to my
guardians/parental figures than
my own parent/s
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III. How often does his/her OFW parent/s visit the country?

Disagree Disagree
My parent/s visit the country
during seasonal occasions IV.

every 2 years
My parent/s vacation is long
every year
I got used with my parent/s not
Does the OFW parent/s provide enough for the family? Education? Needs?

Disagree Disagree
My parent/s also financially
support our extended families V.
(Grandfather, Grandmother,
Uncle, Aunt etc.)
My parent/s salary is fit for all
our wants and needs
My family gets to receive a
My parent/s can afford my
educational needs
I receive allowance from my
parent/s
What are the effects of having an OFW as a parent/s to the respondents in the
following aspects:
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A. Emotional

Disagree Disagree
Sometimes I would question my
value to them (OFW parent/s) B.
I often feel sad/upset that my

parent/s isn’t here with me
I often picture myself with my
family complete
I feel proud having an OFW
parent/s
Our house feels empty without
the presence of my parent/s
Mental

Disagree Disagree
I have a hard time with my
studies without the presence of C.
my parent/s
I'm lacking the guidance of my
OFW parent/s in making
decisions
I learned how to behave
independently without my
parent/s
I overthink about what my
parent/s do abroad
I understand why my parent/s
chose being an OFW as a
profession
Social
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Disagree Disagree
I feel left out during family
I feel comfortable whenever there

are other people like me who
have OFW parent/s
I know a few people that shares
the same experience as mine
I feel awkward whenever I spend
time with my parent/
I get bullied/isolated from people
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Cailin Isabel R. Arandia
Permanent Address: 88 San Isidro, Iriga City
Contact No: 09270892712
Email Address: isabelcailin@gmail.com
Age: 17
Birthday: June 5, 2004
Sex: Female
Father’s Name: Melanio L. Arandia
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Occupation: Sales Manager
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: Divine Light Academy Las Pinas City
SECONDARY: Divine Light Academy Las Pinas City
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Abe Deaniel V. Egipto
Permanent Address: Zone 4, La La Purisima Iriga City
Contact No: 0998851462
Email Address: abeegipto09@gmail.com
Age: 18 years old
Birthday: April 4, 2003
Sex: Male
Father’s Name: Abraham DV. Egipto
Occupation: Farmer
Mother’s Name: Segundina V. Egipto
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Occupation: City Hall Employee
ELEMENTARY: La Consolacion College of Rinconada Iriga Campus
SECONDARY: La Consolacion of Rinconada Iriga Campus
PERSONAL DATA
Name: John Carlo C. Ocampo
Permanent Address: San Isidro Iriga City Coral Street Zone 3
Contact No: 09513633765
Email Address: jjoohhnncarlo@gmail.com
Age: 19
Birthday: March 16, 2003
Sex: Male
Father’s Name: Joseph B. Ocampo
Occupation: Electrical Engineer
Mother’s Name: Helen Grace C. Ocampo
Occupation: Housewife
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ELEMENTARY: Saint Elizabeth School
SECONDARY: La Consolacion College of Rinconada Iriga City Campus
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Erico I.Manaog
Permanent Address: Zone 3 Sta.Justina East Buhi Cam. Sur
Contact No: 0909441532
Email Address: ericomanaog165@gmail.com
Age: 19
Birthday: January 8, 2003
Sex: Male
Father’s Name: Elmer C. Manaog SR.
Occupation: None
Mother’s Name: Emma I. Manaog
Occupation: Housewife
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ELEMENTARY: La Consolacion College of Rinconada Iriga Campus
SECONDARY: La Consolacion College of Rinconada Iriga Campus
92

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La Consolacion College of Rinconada

ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF OFW PARENTS

IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Presented to the Faculty and Staff of the Basic Education Department of

La Consolacion College Iriga

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in Practical Research 2

Arandia, Cailin Isabel R.

Egipto, Abe Deaniel V.

Ocampo, John Carlo C.

This research entitled: “RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD: ITS IMPACT ON

CHILDREN OF OFW PARENTS IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT

DEPARTMENT OF LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE IRIGA” in partial fulfillment

of the requirements in Practical Research 2, prepared and submitted by Cailin Isabel R.

recommended for acceptance and approval for Final Oral Examination.

GERALD G. PAZ, MAEd

MS. RECHILDA L. HUGO

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination on ____________, 2022

With a grade of ________%.

______________________ ______________________ _____________________

CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR

Ocampo, Abe Deaniel V Egipto, and Erico Manaog entitled RESPONSIBLE

PARENTHOOD: ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF OFW PARENTS IN THE SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE

Paz Gerald, MAEd

Editor/ Research Adviser

this study on how to construct a thesis work.

College of Rinconada-Iriga Campus students in grades eleven and twelve.

solicited to have this research study finished.

and strength to us, as well as moral, emotional, and financial support.

study should be useful to future researchers and research in the area.

Title: RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD: ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF OFW

PARENTS IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF LA

CONSOLACION COLLEGE IRIGA

Institution: La Consolacion College of Rinconada-Iriga Campus

Keywords: OFW, Responsible parenthood, Impact, Profile, Distant parenting,

Mental, Social. Emotional.

Working overseas has been a huge assistance in financially providing and

CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR

CHAPTER 1 - THE PROBLEM

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER 2 – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE OF THE ART

CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODOLOGY

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND DATA PRESENTATION

EVALUATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE RESPONDENTS TO

THEIR OFW PARENT/S

EVALUATION ON HOW OFTEN THE PARENT/S VISIT THE COUNTRY

EVALUATION ON HOW OFW PARENT/S PROVIDE FOR THEIR

EVALUATION ON THE EFFECTS OF HAVING OFW PARENT/S IN

SOME ASPECTS (EMOTIONAL, MENTAL, SOCIAL)

CHAPTER 5 - SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NO. 1

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NO. 2

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NO. 3

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NO. 4

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM NO. 5

GRADE/LEVEL NO. OF RESPONDENTS

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