Experiment-5 

 
Electromagnetic Lab 
 
 

Study of Di erential Mode in a 

Transmission line using HFSS 
 
 
 
Group Members 
 
Shivam Garg 2018eeb1179 
Monika Sornapudi 2018eeb1182 
Shubham 2018eeb1181 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Objective   
❏ To create, simulate, and analyze a Stripline di erential pair. 
 
Component/Software 
❏ Ansoft HFSS Software. 
Theory 
LVDS: 
Low Voltage Di erential Signaling (LVDS) technology is used for high- 
performance backplanes. LVDS technology is used for multi-point communications 
and uses a bus.  
 

Fig1. Stripline Di erential Pair

Since we have noise interference in our signal and need to be eliminated, so 
we used a method using the di erential mode and common mode in which we 
get an average of the noise subtraction ((V1-V2)/2) and addition ((V1+V2)/2) 
from the main signal and using the equations obtained we are able to find out 
the actual signal and the noise.  
 
TYPES OF PORTS: 
Lumped port: the excitation is applied at a point/cell, as a voltage or current. 
Wave port: the excitation is so-called eigen-wave, such as the quasi-tem 
wave supported by a microstrip line. 
 
Here we are using a wave port because here we are required to give the 
excitement in the particular area. 
 
Di erential Stripline Impedance is given by 

 
where  
W: Trace width 
D: Trace separation 
T: Trace thickness 
H: Dielectric thickness 
Er: Relative dielectric constant 
 

Nominal Design Parameters 

Traces 
Width: 6 mil 
Spacing: 18 mil 
Thickness: 0.7 mil 
Length: 1000 mil 
 

Substrate
Thickness: 26 mil 
Relative dielectric constant: 4.4  
 

The frequency used: 8GHz 

Number of Passes taken: 20 
Maximum delta taken: 0.02 

The calculated value of Di erential Stripline Impedance 

is: 121.7 ohms 
 

 
 
 

 
The calculated value of Di erential Stripline 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  

Procedure
1. Use HFSS to create the stripline di erential pair geometry as per the above 
guidelines and substrate parameters. 
2. Choose Excitation and assign a di erential pair. 
3. Set De-embedding and Boundary Display. 
4. Create Analysis Setup and add Frequency Sweep. 
5. Save project, validate the model and analyse. 
6. Check Solution Data to create Di erential pair S-Parameter Plot. Plot Field 
Overlay. 
7. Set sources in common mode, repeat the above procedure and Plot Field 
Overlay. 
8. Compare the fields in these di erent modes of excitations. 
9. Determine the characteristic impedance Zd of the transmission line in the 
di erential mode. 
 
 

Simulation / Results/ Plots

 
1) Excitation is assigned to the sides of the substrate
2) Validation and Analysis

3) S - Parameter Plot 
Di erential pair S- Parameter Plot 
 4) Forward Voltage Gain (Common Mode) 

5) Field Overlay (Common Mode) 

 
 
  
 
 
 6) Field Overlay (Di erential Mode) 

Observation 
❖ We were able to build and evaluate the field analysis of the transmission line 
in di erential mode and calculate the di erential stripline impedance. 
Therefore, meeting all the requirements and the above plots and structures 
depict the same.  
 
 
Thank you ………………….