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Table 6.11: 25 Years Traffic Projection (Section 8)

Traffic Projection Section 8: Matta to Madyan-Fatehpur (15.93km)

Vehicle Cars/ Coasters
Type Large 2 Ax le 3 Axle 4 Axle 5 Axle 6 Axle Grand
Design Year Jeeps/ Hiaces / Mini
Buses Trucks Trucks Trucks Trucks Trucks Total
Year Pickups Buses

2019 8,437 1,775 922 583 907 246 65 9 12 12,956

Design + 2020 8,859 1,864 969 612 952 258 68 10 12 13,604
Construction
Period 2021 9,302 1,957 1,017 643 1,000 271 71 10 13 14,284
2022 9,767 2,055 1,068 675 1,050 285 75 10 13 14,998
1 2023 10,255 2,157 1,121 709 1,102 299 79 11 14 15,748
2 2024 10,768 2,265 1,177 744 1,157 314 83 12 15 16,535
3 2025 11,306 2,379 1,236 781 1,215 330 87 12 16 17,362
4 2026 11,871 2,498 1,298 820 1,276 346 91 13 16 18,230
5 2027 12,465 2,622 1,363 861 1,340 364 96 13 17 19,142
6 2028 13,088 2,754 1,431 904 1,407 382 100 14 18 20,099
7 2029 13,743 2,891 1,503 950 1,477 401 106 15 19 21,104
8 2030 14,430 3,036 1,578 997 1,551 421 111 16 20 22,159
9 2031 15,151 3,188 1,657 1,047 1,629 442 116 16 21 23,267
10 2032 15,909 3,347 1,739 1,099 1,710 464 122 17 22 24,430
11 2033 16,704 3,514 1,826 1,154 1,796 487 128 18 23 25,652
12 2034 17,540 3,690 1,918 1,212 1,885 512 135 19 24 26,934
13 2035 18,417 3,874 2,014 1,273 1,980 537 141 20 25 28,281
14 2036 19,337 4,068 2,114 1,336 2,079 564 148 21 27 29,695
15 2037 20,304 4,272 2,220 1,403 2,183 592 156 22 28 31,180
16 2038 21,319 4,485 2,331 1,473 2,292 622 164 23 29 32,739
17 2039 22,385 4,709 2,448 1,547 2,406 653 172 24 31 34,376
18 2040 23,505 4,945 2,570 1,624 2,527 686 180 25 32 36,094
19 2041 24,680 5,192 2,698 1,705 2,653 720 189 27 34 37,899
20 2042 25,914 5,452 2,833 1,791 2,786 756 199 28 36 39,794
21 2043 27,210 5,724 2,975 1,880 2,925 794 209 29 38 41,784
22 2044 28,570 6,011 3,124 1,974 3,071 834 219 31 39 43,873
23 2045 29,999 6,311 3,280 2,073 3,225 875 230 32 41 46,067
24 2046 31,498 6,627 3,444 2,177 3,386 919 242 34 44 48,370
25 2047 33,073 6,958 3,616 2,285 3,555 965 254 36 46 50,788

7.0 Capacity & Level of Service (LOS) Analysis of Project Road

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The capacity of a facility is the maximum hourly rate at which persons or vehicles reasonably can
be expected to traverse a point or a uniform section of a lane or roadway during a given time period
under prevailing roadway, traffic, and control conditions. Vehicle capacity is the maximum
number of vehicles that can pass a given point during a specified period under prevailing roadway,
traffic, and control conditions. Capacity is a probabilistic measure and it varies with respect to time
and position and therefore total length of Swat motorway phase II is 75.26 km was split into 8
different sections given in Figure 7.1 for traffic estimation on each link.

Figure 7.1: Split Links of Proposed Motorway

7.1 Quality of Service and Level of Service (LOS) Analysis

Quality of service requires quantitative measures to characterize operational conditions within a

traffic stream. Level of service (LOS) is a quality measure describing operational conditions within
a traffic stream, generally in terms of service measures such as speed and travel time, freedom to
manoeuvre, traffic interruptions, comfort and convenience. Six (06) LOS are defined in the
Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) for each type of facility that has analysis procedures available.
Letters designate each level, from “A” to “F”, with LOS “A” representing the best operating
conditions and LOS “F” the worst. Each level of service represents a range of operating conditions
and the driver's perception to those conditions.

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7.1.1 Data Collation

Traffic data was estimated for all the 8 sections shown in Table 7.1. It may be noted that amongst
all the 8 sections, section with maximum average annual daily traffic (ADT) is taken to perform
design capacity analysis, while operational analysis was performed for each section, to predict the
service year in which an additional lane shall be required to maintain minimum Level of Service
“C”. For capacity analysis traffic is taken in terms of Passenger Car Units (PCU) or Passenger
Car Equivalents (PCE). For purpose of this report a heterogeneous traffic mix including several
classes of truck traffic were converted into Passenger Car Units (PCU) using factors as shown in
Table 7.2. Section 3 (i.e. Barikot to Mingora Section) with maximum PCUs was used to predict
minimum number of lanes required to maintain LOS “C” and data is shown in Table 7.3 and
Table 7.4.

Table 7.1: Sections of Swat Motorway Extension Phase II for LOS Analysis

Traffic Movement RD
Section No. Length
From To From To (km)
Section 1 Chakdara Shamozai 00+000 00+000 10.37
Section 2 Shamozai Barikot 10+370 10+370 7.14
Section 3 Barikot Mingora 17+510 17+510 13.15
Section 4 Mingora Kanju 30+660 30+660 3.59
Section 5 Kanju Malam Jabba-Uni. of Swat 34+250 45+020 12.85
Section 6 Malam Jabba-Uni. of Swat Sher Palam 47+100 47+100 6.6
Section 7 Sher Palam Matta 53+700 53+700 5.63
Section 8 Matta Madyan-Fatehpur 59+330 75+260 15.93

Table 7.2: Passenger Car Unit Conversion Factors

PCU
Sr # Vehicle Class
Factors
1 Cars/Jeeps/Pickups 1
Hiaces / Mini Buses /
2 1.5
Wagons
3 Large Passenger Buses 2.5
4 2 Axle Trucks 1.5
5 3 Axle Trucks 2.5
6 4 Axle Trucks 3.5
7 ≥5 Axle Trucks 4

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Table 7.3: Calculated PCUs (Section 1 of Scenario 1)

PCUs of Section 3: Barikot to Mingora

Vehicle Cars/ Coasters
Type Large 2 Axle 3 Axle 4 Axle 5 Axle 6 Axle
Jeeps/ Hiace /Mini
Buses Trucks Trucks Trucks Trucks Trucks Grand
Year Pickup Bus Total
PCU Factor 1 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4 4
AADT 2023 18,352 3,861 2,006 1,268 1,973 535 141 20 25 28,181
PCUs 2023 18,352 5,791 3,010 3,170 2,959 1,339 493 79 101 35,294
AADT 2032 28,469 5,989 3,113 1,967 3,060 831 219 31 39 43,718
PCUs 2032 28,469 8,984 4,669 4,918 4,590 2,077 765 122 157 54,753
AADT 2042 46,373 9,756 5,070 3,205 4,985 1,353 356 50 64 71,212
PCUs 2042 46,373 14,634 7,605 8,011 7,477 3,383 1,246 199 256 89,186
AADT 2047 59,186 12,452 6,471 4,090 6,362 1,727 454 64 82 90,887
PCUs 2047 59,186 18,677 9,707 10,225 9,543 4,317 1,591 254 327 113,827

7.1.2 Directional Design Hourly Volume (DDHV) and Minimum Number of Lanes

It is not economically sound to design a facility to be congestion free every hour throughout the
year. However, it has been established that each year the traffic volume often reaches that of the
30th heaviest hour, which is the hourly volume exceeded only 29 hours per year. As a rule, it is
considered sound practice to design roads to carry this volume, called the '30th -Hour-Volume' or
30th HV. Design hourly volume is then expressed as:
𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 = 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 𝒙𝒙 𝑲𝑲 𝒙𝒙 𝑫𝑫
Where "K" is the proportion of daily traffic occurring during the peak hour and estimated from the
ratio of the 30th HV to the AADT. For urban roads, value of K ranges from 0.07-0.12. So, value
of K has been taken as 0.12 to be on the safer side. While “D” is the proportion of the traffic
travelling in the peak direction of flow. For suburban roads, value of “D” ranges between 0.55-
0.65, and value of D for the proposed facility has been taken as 0.55 for the peak direction.
Calculated Design Hourly volume of section 3 for the peak direction are given in Table 7.4 and
similar volume data of each section was used for the purpose of LOS analysis. Two (02) lanes are
required (in one direction) for proposed facility to operate at least at LOS “C”. Number of lanes
were determined using the following Equation:
𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵 =
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 ∗ 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 ∗ 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 ∗ 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇

Ni = Number of lanes (in one direction) required to provide level of service “i”

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DDHV = Directional Design Hourly volume, veh/hr

PHF = Peck Hour Factor

MSF i = Maximum service flow rate for level of service “i”, pc/hr/ln

ƒ HV = Heavy vehicle adjustment

ƒp = Driver familiarity, ranges from 0.85 to 1.0 (very familiar drivers = 1.0)

Table 7.4: Calculated DDHV (Section 3)

DDHV of Section 3 of Swat Motorway Phase II

Vehicle Type Cars/ Coasters
Large 2 Axle 3 Axle 4 Axle 5 Axle 6 Axle
Jeeps/ Hiace /Mini Grand
Year Buses Trucks Trucks Trucks Trucks Trucks
Pickups Bus Total
D*K 0.066 0.066 0.066 0.066 0.066 0.066 0.066 0.066 0.066
AADT 2023 18352 3861 2006 1268 1973 535 141 20 25 28181
PCUs 2023 18352 5791 3010 3170 2959 1339 493 79 101 35294
DDHV 2023 1211 382 199 209 195 88 33 5 7 2329
AADT 2032 28469 5989 3113 1967 3060 831 219 31 39 43718
PCUs 2032 28469 8984 4669 4918 4590 2077 765 122 157 54753
DDHV 2032 1879 593 308 325 303 137 50 8 10 3614
AADT 2042 46373 9756 5070 3205 4985 1353 356 50 64 71212
PCUs 2042 46373 14634 7605 8011 7477 3383 1246 199 256 89186
DDHV 2042 3061 966 502 529 494 223 82 13 17 5886
AADT 2047 59186 12452 6471 4090 6362 1727 454 64 82 90887
PCUs 2047 59186 18677 9707 10225 9543 4317 1591 254 327 113827
DDHV 2047 3906 1233 641 675 630 285 105 17 22 7513

7.2 Level of Service (LOS) Analysis and Methodology

Every facility type has levels of service defined in terms of a specific measure of effectiveness. In
our case the measure of effectiveness (MOE) stated by Highway Capacity Manual 2000 for a
freeway (motorway) basic sections is “Flow Rate-(Pc/hr/ln)” measured by speed flow curves
generated and presented in HCM 2000 as shown in Figure 7.2. To evaluate LOS for proposed
Swat motorway extension phase II an operational analysis given in HCM 2000 has been conducted
using Highway Capacity Software (HCS 2000, 4.1) based on the following equations in
background.

VP = 15-minute flow rate in passenger cars per lane per hour

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V = Hourly traffic volume

PHF = Peak Hour Factor

ƒp = Driver familiarity, ranges from 0.85 to 1.0 (very familiar

drivers = 1.0)

ƒ HV = Heavy vehicle adjustment

PT = Portion of trucks and buses

PR = Portion of recreational vehicles

ET = Passenger car equivalency for trucks and buses

ER = Passenger car equivalency for recreational vehicles

FFS = Free flow speed, measured speed

BFFS = Base free flow speed

f LW = Lane width adjustment

f LC = Lateral clearance adjustment

fN = Adjustment for number of lanes

f ID = Interchange density adjustment

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Figure 7.2: Speed Flow Curves for Basic Freeway Segments

7.2.1 Results of Level of Service Analysis

Sensitivity analysis was performed for each of 8 sections to predict the year wise level of service
and further to predict year of construction of additional lane(s) to maintain minimum level of
service “C”. LOS results for all 8 sections are presented graphically in Figure 7.3 to Figure 7.18.

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Figure 7.3: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 1)

Figure 7.4: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 1)

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Figure 7.5: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 2)

Figure 7.6: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 2)

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Figure 7.7: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 3)

Figure 7.8: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 3)

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Figure 7.9: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 4)

Figure 7.10: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 4)

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Figure 7.11: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 5)

Figure 7.12: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 5)

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Figure 7.13: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 6)

Figure 7.14: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 6)

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Figure 7.15: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 7)

Figure 7.16: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 7)

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Figure 7.17: Sensitivity Analysis for LOS Prediction (Section 8)

Figure 7.18: Sensitivity Analysis to Predict Year of Additional Lane Construction

(Section 8)

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7.2.2 Summary of Level of Service (LOS) Analysis Results

The above graphical representation of Figure 7.3 to Figure 7.18 is summarized in tabulated format
in Table 7.5, highlighting the year for each section where additional lane(s) will be required to
enhance the capacity of motorway to maintain level of service “C”.

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Table 7.5: Summary of Level of Service (LOS) Analysis and Requirement of Additional Lanes

Service Years Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8
(Kanju) (Malam Jabba/ (Matta)
(Chakdara) (Shamozai) (Barikot) University of Swat) (Sher Palam)
(Mingora) to to
Calendar Year

to to To to to
No of Years

(Kanju) (Malam Jabba/ to (Madyan-

(Shamozai) (Barikot) (Mingora) University of Swat) (Sher Palam) (Matta)
Fatehpur)
0+000 10+370 17+510 30+660 34+250 47+100 53+700 59+330
10+370 17+510 30+660 34+250 47+100 53+700 59+330 75.26
No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of
LOS LOS LOS LOS LOS LOS LOS LOS
Lanes Lanes Lanes Lanes Lanes Lanes Lanes Lanes
2023 1 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B
2024 2 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B
2025 3 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B
2026 4 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B
2027 5 2 C 2 C 2 D 2 B 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B
2028 6 2 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 B
2029 7 2 C 2 D 3 C 2 C 2 C 2 D 2 D 2 B
2030 8 2 D 3 C 3 C 2 C 2 D 3 C 2 D 2 B
2031 9 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C 2 D 3 C 3 C 2 B
2032 10 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C
2033 11 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C
2034 12 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C
2035 13 3 C 3 C 3 D 2 D 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C
2036 14 3 C 3 C 3 D 3 B 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C
2037 15 3 C 3 D 4 C 3 C 3 C 3 D 3 C 2 C
2038 16 3 D 4 C 4 C 3 C 3 C 3 D 3 D 2 C
2039 17 4 C 4 C 4 C 3 C 3 D 4 C 4 C 2 D
2040 18 4 C 4 C 4 C 3 C 4 C 4 C 4 C 3 C
2041 19 4 C 4 C 4 D 3 C 4 C 4 C 4 C 3 C
2042 20 4 C 4 C 4 D 3 C 4 C 4 C 4 C 3 C
2043 21 4 C 4 D 4 D 3 D 4 C 4 D 4 C 3 C
2044 22 4 D 4 D 4 D 3 D 4 D 4 D 4 D 3 C
2045 23 4 D 4 D 4 E 4 C 4 D 4 D 4 D 3 C
2046 24 4 D 4 D 4 F 4 C 4 D 4 D 4 D 3 C
2047 25 4 E 4 E 4 F 4 C 4 D 4 E 4 E 3 D

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8.0 Equivalent Single Axle Load

Vehicle and load distributions grouped by axle type are used to transform mixed traffic into a
unified traffic parameter that can be used in the design equation. Traffic loading is a heterogeneous
mix of vehicles, axle types, and axle loads with distributions that vary with time throughout the
day. The mixed traffic is converted into one parameter called the Equivalent Single Axle Load
(ESAL). ESALs are defined as the number of 18-kip single axles that causes the same pavement
damage as caused by the actual mixed axle load and axle configuration traffic. The damage
associated with the equivalent axle can be defined in numerous ways; in the 1993 AASHTO Guide
it is defined in terms of serviceability. The 18-kip single axle load was chosen because it was the
maximum legal load permitted in many states at the time of the AASHO Road Test. The Equation
Based on AASHTO Design Guide used for the computation of ESALs is as follows:

ESALs = (AADT) 0 (T) (T f )(G)(D d )(L d ) (365) (Y)

ADT = Annual Average daily traffic

T = Percentage of trucks in ADT

Tf = Truck factor, Equivalent Axle Load Factor (EALF)

G = Growth rate

Dd = A directional distribution factor

Ld = Lane distribution factor

Y = Design Life

8.1 Equivalent Axle Load Factor (EALF)

An equivalent axle load factor (EALF) defines the damage per pass to a pavement by the axle in
question relative to the damage per pass of a standard axle load usually 18-kip single axle load. In
AAHTO method, EALF is based on type of pavement, type of axle, SN of pavement, terminal
serviceability index (Pt) of pavement. Under heavy axle loads with an equivalent factor much
greater than unity, the EALF increases as Pt or SN decreases. This is expected because heavy axle
loads are more destructive to poor and weaker pavements than to good and stronger ones.
Practically, EALF is not very sensitive to pavement thickness and a SN of 5 may be used for most
cases. Most of the major highway designs have structural number of 5, therefore, it was considered
appropriate to assume SN as 5. EALF’s of different trucks carrying maximum allowed load and
actual loads have been computed and are presented in Table 8.1 below:

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Table 8.1: Equivalent Standard Axle Factor

Description Loaded Unloaded

Passenger Busses 0.939 0

2-Axle 4.67 0.043

3-Axle 8.84 0.072

4-Axle 12.99 0.072

Articulated 5-Axle 10.35 0.084

>5-Axle 10.90 0.165

8.2 Loaded/Unloaded, Directional and Lane Distribution Factors

Loaded and Unloaded ratio of 80:20 is taken for calculation of ESALs. Directional distribution
factor is taken as 0.50 for two directional traffic flows. Directional distribution factor is taken as
1.0 for unidirectional traffic flow. Lane distribution factor is adopted according to the number of
lanes (80% of 18kips ESALs is taken) as given in Table 8.2 below:

Table 8.2: Directional Distribution Factors

No. of Lanes in each Percentage of 18 kips

Direction EASLs in Design Lane

1 100

2 80 – 100

3 60 – 80

8.3 Calculation of ESALs

ESALs calculated for Swat motorway extension phase II are presented in Table 8.3 to Table 8.10.
ESALs for the service life of 20-years (in-service excluding construction) are represented in the
tables however it is recommended to design pavement for a design life for a period of 10 years
with 5-years subsequent pavement management plan such as rehabilitation and maintenance
including lane additions/ overlay etc.

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Table 8.3: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 1)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle
TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 912 1419 385 0 101 14 18 0 3,714,328 3,714,328 2,971,463
Construction 2020 958 1490 404 0 106 15 19 0 3,900,045 3,900,045 3,120,036
Construction 2021 1006 1564 425 0 112 16 20 0 4,095,047 4,095,047 3,276,037
Construction 2022 1056 1642 446 0 117 16 21 0 4,299,799 4,299,799 3,439,839
1 2023 1109 1724 468 0 123 17 22 0 4,514,789 4,514,789 3,611,831
2 2024 1164 1811 491 0 129 18 23 0 4,740,529 4,740,529 3,792,423
3 2025 1222 1901 516 0 136 19 24 0 4,977,555 4,977,555 3,982,044
4 2026 1283 1996 542 0 143 20 26 0 5,226,433 5,226,433 4,181,146
5 2027 1347 2096 569 0 150 21 27 0 5,487,754 5,487,754 4,390,204
6 2028 1415 2201 597 0 157 22 28 0 5,762,142 5,762,142 4,609,714
7 2029 1486 2311 627 0 165 23 30 0 6,050,249 6,050,249 4,840,199
8 2030 1560 2427 659 0 173 24 31 0 6,352,762 6,352,762 5,082,209
9 2031 1638 2548 692 0 182 25 33 0 6,670,400 6,670,400 5,336,320
10 2032 1720 2675 726 0 191 27 34 0 7,003,920 7,003,920 5,603,136
11 2033 1806 2809 762 0 201 28 36 0 7,354,116 7,354,116 5,883,293
12 2034 1896 2949 801 0 211 29 38 0 7,721,822 7,721,822 6,177,457
13 2035 1991 3097 841 0 221 31 40 0 8,107,913 8,107,913 6,486,330
14 2036 2090 3252 883 0 232 33 42 0 8,513,308 8,513,308 6,810,647
15 2037 2195 3414 927 0 244 34 44 0 8,938,974 8,938,974 7,151,179
16 2038 2305 3585 973 0 256 36 46 0 9,385,922 9,385,922 7,508,738
17 2039 2420 3764 1022 0 269 38 48 0 9,855,218 9,855,218 7,884,175
18 2040 2541 3953 1073 0 282 40 51 0 10,347,979 10,347,979 8,278,384
19 2041 2668 4150 1126 0 296 42 53 0 10,865,378 10,865,378 8,692,303
20 2042 2801 4358 1183 0 311 44 56 0 11,408,647 11,408,647 9,126,918

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Table 8.4: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 2)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 948 1474 400 0 105 15 19 0 3,860,079 3,860,079 3,088,063
Construction 2020 995 1548 420 0 111 15 20 0 4,053,083 4,053,083 3,242,466
Construction 2021 1045 1626 441 0 116 16 21 0 4,255,737 4,255,737 3,404,590
Construction 2022 1097 1707 463 0 122 17 22 0 4,468,524 4,468,524 3,574,819
1 2023 1152 1792 486 0 128 18 23 0 4,691,950 4,691,950 3,753,560
2 2024 1210 1882 511 0 134 19 24 0 4,926,548 4,926,548 3,941,238
3 2025 1270 1976 536 0 141 20 25 0 5,172,875 5,172,875 4,138,300
4 2026 1334 2075 563 0 148 21 27 0 5,431,519 5,431,519 4,345,215
5 2027 1400 2178 591 0 156 22 28 0 5,703,095 5,703,095 4,562,476
6 2028 1470 2287 621 0 163 23 29 0 5,988,250 5,988,250 4,790,600
7 2029 1544 2402 652 0 172 24 31 0 6,287,662 6,287,662 5,030,130
8 2030 1621 2522 684 0 180 25 32 0 6,602,045 6,602,045 5,281,636
9 2031 1702 2648 719 0 189 26 34 0 6,932,147 6,932,147 5,545,718
10 2032 1787 2780 755 0 199 28 36 0 7,278,755 7,278,755 5,823,004
11 2033 1877 2919 792 0 209 29 38 0 7,642,692 7,642,692 6,114,154
12 2034 1970 3065 832 0 219 31 39 0 8,024,827 8,024,827 6,419,862
13 2035 2069 3218 874 0 230 32 41 0 8,426,068 8,426,068 6,740,855
14 2036 2172 3379 917 0 241 34 43 0 8,847,372 8,847,372 7,077,897
15 2037 2281 3548 963 0 253 35 46 0 9,289,740 9,289,740 7,431,792
16 2038 2395 3726 1011 0 266 37 48 0 9,754,227 9,754,227 7,803,382
17 2039 2515 3912 1062 0 279 39 50 0 10,241,939 10,241,939 8,193,551
18 2040 2641 4108 1115 0 293 41 53 0 10,754,036 10,754,036 8,603,229
19 2041 2773 4313 1171 0 308 43 55 0 11,291,738 11,291,738 9,033,390
20 2042 2911 4529 1229 0 323 45 58 0 11,856,324 11,856,324 9,485,060

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EXTENSION PHASE-II Report

Table 8.5: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 3)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 1043 1623 441 0 116 16 21 0 4,248,950 4,248,950 3,399,160
Construction 2020 1095 1704 463 0 122 17 22 0 4,461,397 4,461,397 3,569,118
Construction 2021 1150 1789 486 0 128 18 23 0 4,684,467 4,684,467 3,747,573
Construction 2022 1208 1879 510 0 134 19 24 0 4,918,690 4,918,690 3,934,952
1 2023 1268 1973 535 0 141 20 25 0 5,164,625 5,164,625 4,131,700
2 2024 1332 2071 562 0 148 21 27 0 5,422,856 5,422,856 4,338,285
3 2025 1398 2175 590 0 155 22 28 0 5,693,999 5,693,999 4,555,199
4 2026 1468 2284 620 0 163 23 29 0 5,978,699 5,978,699 4,782,959
5 2027 1541 2398 651 0 171 24 31 0 6,277,634 6,277,634 5,022,107
6 2028 1619 2518 683 0 180 25 32 0 6,591,515 6,591,515 5,273,212
7 2029 1699 2644 718 0 189 26 34 0 6,921,091 6,921,091 5,536,873
8 2030 1784 2776 753 0 198 28 36 0 7,267,146 7,267,146 5,813,717
9 2031 1874 2915 791 0 208 29 37 0 7,630,503 7,630,503 6,104,402
10 2032 1967 3060 831 0 219 31 39 0 8,012,028 8,012,028 6,409,622
11 2033 2066 3213 872 0 230 32 41 0 8,412,629 8,412,629 6,730,104
12 2034 2169 3374 916 0 241 34 43 0 8,833,261 8,833,261 7,066,609
13 2035 2277 3543 962 0 253 35 46 0 9,274,924 9,274,924 7,419,939
14 2036 2391 3720 1010 0 266 37 48 0 9,738,670 9,738,670 7,790,936
15 2037 2511 3906 1060 0 279 39 50 0 10,225,604 10,225,604 8,180,483
16 2038 2636 4101 1113 0 293 41 53 0 10,736,884 10,736,884 8,589,507
17 2039 2768 4306 1169 0 308 43 55 0 11,273,728 11,273,728 9,018,982
18 2040 2907 4521 1227 0 323 45 58 0 11,837,414 11,837,414 9,469,932
19 2041 3052 4747 1289 0 339 47 61 0 12,429,285 12,429,285 9,943,428
20 2042 3205 4985 1353 0 356 50 64 0 13,050,749 13,050,749 10,440,600

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY & DETAILED DESIGN OF SWAT MOTORWAY Traffic Study
EXTENSION PHASE-II Report

Table 8.6: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 4)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 699 1087 295 0 78 11 14 0 2,845,065 2,845,065 2,276,052
Construction 2020 734 1141 310 0 82 11 15 0 2,987,318 2,987,318 2,389,854
Construction 2021 770 1198 325 0 86 12 15 0 3,136,684 3,136,684 2,509,347
Construction 2022 809 1258 341 0 90 13 16 0 3,293,518 3,293,518 2,634,814
1 2023 849 1321 359 0 94 13 17 0 3,458,194 3,458,194 2,766,555
2 2024 892 1387 376 0 99 14 18 0 3,631,103 3,631,103 2,904,883
3 2025 936 1456 395 0 104 15 19 0 3,812,659 3,812,659 3,050,127
4 2026 983 1529 415 0 109 15 20 0 4,003,291 4,003,291 3,202,633
5 2027 1032 1606 436 0 115 16 21 0 4,203,456 4,203,456 3,362,765
6 2028 1084 1686 458 0 120 17 22 0 4,413,629 4,413,629 3,530,903
7 2029 1138 1770 480 0 126 18 23 0 4,634,310 4,634,310 3,707,448
8 2030 1195 1859 504 0 133 19 24 0 4,866,026 4,866,026 3,892,821
9 2031 1255 1952 530 0 139 20 25 0 5,109,327 5,109,327 4,087,462
10 2032 1317 2049 556 0 146 20 26 0 5,364,793 5,364,793 4,291,835
11 2033 1383 2152 584 0 154 22 28 0 5,633,033 5,633,033 4,506,427
12 2034 1452 2259 613 0 161 23 29 0 5,914,685 5,914,685 4,731,748
13 2035 1525 2372 644 0 169 24 30 0 6,210,419 6,210,419 4,968,335
14 2036 1601 2491 676 0 178 25 32 0 6,520,940 6,520,940 5,216,752
15 2037 1681 2615 710 0 187 26 34 0 6,846,987 6,846,987 5,477,590
16 2038 1765 2746 745 0 196 27 35 0 7,189,336 7,189,336 5,751,469
17 2039 1854 2883 783 0 206 29 37 0 7,548,803 7,548,803 6,039,043
18 2040 1946 3028 822 0 216 30 39 0 7,926,243 7,926,243 6,340,995
19 2041 2044 3179 863 0 227 32 41 0 8,322,555 8,322,555 6,658,044
20 2042 2146 3338 906 0 238 33 43 0 8,738,683 8,738,683 6,990,947

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY & DETAILED DESIGN OF SWAT MOTORWAY Traffic Study
EXTENSION PHASE-II Report

Table 8.7: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 5)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 881 1371 372 0 98 14 18 0 3,589,744 3,589,744 2,871,796
Construction 2020 926 1440 391 0 103 14 19 0 3,769,232 3,769,232 3,015,385
Construction 2021 972 1512 410 0 108 15 19 0 3,957,693 3,957,693 3,166,155
Construction 2022 1020 1587 431 0 113 16 20 0 4,155,578 4,155,578 3,324,462
1 2023 1071 1667 452 0 119 17 21 0 4,363,357 4,363,357 3,490,685
2 2024 1125 1750 475 0 125 17 22 0 4,581,525 4,581,525 3,665,220
3 2025 1181 1837 499 0 131 18 24 0 4,810,601 4,810,601 3,848,481
4 2026 1240 1929 524 0 138 19 25 0 5,051,131 5,051,131 4,040,905
5 2027 1302 2026 550 0 145 20 26 0 5,303,688 5,303,688 4,242,950
6 2028 1367 2127 577 0 152 21 27 0 5,568,872 5,568,872 4,455,098
7 2029 1436 2233 606 0 160 22 29 0 5,847,316 5,847,316 4,677,852
8 2030 1508 2345 637 0 168 23 30 0 6,139,681 6,139,681 4,911,745
9 2031 1583 2462 668 0 176 25 32 0 6,446,665 6,446,665 5,157,332
10 2032 1662 2585 702 0 185 26 33 0 6,768,999 6,768,999 5,415,199
11 2033 1745 2715 737 0 194 27 35 0 7,107,449 7,107,449 5,685,959
12 2034 1832 2850 774 0 204 29 37 0 7,462,821 7,462,821 5,970,257
13 2035 1924 2993 812 0 214 30 38 0 7,835,962 7,835,962 6,268,770
14 2036 2020 3143 853 0 224 31 40 0 8,227,760 8,227,760 6,582,208
15 2037 2121 3300 896 0 236 33 42 0 8,639,148 8,639,148 6,911,318
16 2038 2227 3465 940 0 247 35 45 0 9,071,106 9,071,106 7,256,884
17 2039 2339 3638 987 0 260 36 47 0 9,524,661 9,524,661 7,619,729
18 2040 2456 3820 1037 0 273 38 49 0 10,000,894 10,000,894 8,000,715
19 2041 2578 4011 1089 0 286 40 52 0 10,500,939 10,500,939 8,400,751
20 2042 2707 4211 1143 0 301 42 54 0 11,025,985 11,025,985 8,820,788

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EXTENSION PHASE-II Report

Table 8.8: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 6)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 941 1464 397 0 105 15 19 0 3,832,864 3,832,864 3,066,291
Construction 2020 988 1537 417 0 110 15 20 0 4,024,507 4,024,507 3,219,606
Construction 2021 1038 1614 438 0 115 16 21 0 4,225,733 4,225,733 3,380,586
Construction 2022 1089 1695 460 0 121 17 22 0 4,437,019 4,437,019 3,549,615
1 2023 1144 1780 483 0 127 18 23 0 4,658,870 4,658,870 3,727,096
2 2024 1201 1868 507 0 133 19 24 0 4,891,814 4,891,814 3,913,451
3 2025 1261 1962 533 0 140 20 25 0 5,136,405 5,136,405 4,109,124
4 2026 1324 2060 559 0 147 21 26 0 5,393,225 5,393,225 4,314,580
5 2027 1390 2163 587 0 154 22 28 0 5,662,886 5,662,886 4,530,309
6 2028 1460 2271 616 0 162 23 29 0 5,946,030 5,946,030 4,756,824
7 2029 1533 2385 647 0 170 24 31 0 6,243,332 6,243,332 4,994,665
8 2030 1610 2504 680 0 179 25 32 0 6,555,498 6,555,498 5,244,399
9 2031 1690 2629 714 0 188 26 34 0 6,883,273 6,883,273 5,506,619
10 2032 1775 2761 749 0 197 28 35 0 7,227,437 7,227,437 5,781,950
11 2033 1863 2899 787 0 207 29 37 0 7,588,809 7,588,809 6,071,047
12 2034 1957 3044 826 0 217 30 39 0 7,968,249 7,968,249 6,374,599
13 2035 2054 3196 867 0 228 32 41 0 8,366,662 8,366,662 6,693,329
14 2036 2157 3356 911 0 240 34 43 0 8,784,995 8,784,995 7,027,996
15 2037 2265 3523 956 0 252 35 45 0 9,224,245 9,224,245 7,379,396
16 2038 2378 3699 1004 0 264 37 48 0 9,685,457 9,685,457 7,748,365
17 2039 2497 3884 1054 0 277 39 50 0 10,169,730 10,169,730 8,135,784
18 2040 2622 4079 1107 0 291 41 52 0 10,678,216 10,678,216 8,542,573
19 2041 2753 4283 1162 0 306 43 55 0 11,212,127 11,212,127 8,969,702
20 2042 2891 4497 1221 0 321 45 58 0 11,772,733 11,772,733 9,418,187

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Table 8.9: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 7)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 917 1426 387 0 102 14 18 0 3,734,286 3,734,286 2,987,429
Construction 2020 963 1498 407 0 107 15 19 0 3,921,000 3,921,000 3,136,800
Construction 2021 1011 1573 427 0 112 16 20 0 4,117,050 4,117,050 3,293,640
Construction 2022 1061 1651 448 0 118 17 21 0 4,322,903 4,322,903 3,458,322
1 2023 1115 1734 471 0 124 17 22 0 4,539,048 4,539,048 3,631,238
2 2024 1170 1820 494 0 130 18 23 0 4,766,000 4,766,000 3,812,800
3 2025 1229 1911 519 0 137 19 25 0 5,004,300 5,004,300 4,003,440
4 2026 1290 2007 545 0 143 20 26 0 5,254,515 5,254,515 4,203,612
5 2027 1355 2107 572 0 151 21 27 0 5,517,241 5,517,241 4,413,793
6 2028 1422 2213 601 0 158 22 28 0 5,793,103 5,793,103 4,634,482
7 2029 1494 2323 631 0 166 23 30 0 6,082,758 6,082,758 4,866,206
8 2030 1568 2440 662 0 174 24 31 0 6,386,896 6,386,896 5,109,517
9 2031 1647 2562 695 0 183 26 33 0 6,706,241 6,706,241 5,364,993
10 2032 1729 2690 730 0 192 27 35 0 7,041,553 7,041,553 5,633,242
11 2033 1815 2824 767 0 202 28 36 0 7,393,630 7,393,630 5,914,904
12 2034 1906 2965 805 0 212 30 38 0 7,763,312 7,763,312 6,210,650
13 2035 2002 3114 845 0 222 31 40 0 8,151,478 8,151,478 6,521,182
14 2036 2102 3269 887 0 234 33 42 0 8,559,051 8,559,051 6,847,241
15 2037 2207 3433 932 0 245 34 44 0 8,987,004 8,987,004 7,189,603
16 2038 2317 3604 978 0 257 36 46 0 9,436,354 9,436,354 7,549,083
17 2039 2433 3785 1027 0 270 38 49 0 9,908,172 9,908,172 7,926,538
18 2040 2555 3974 1079 0 284 40 51 0 10,403,580 10,403,580 8,322,864
19 2041 2682 4172 1133 0 298 42 54 0 10,923,760 10,923,760 8,739,008
20 2042 2816 4381 1189 0 313 44 56 0 11,469,947 11,469,947 9,175,958

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Table 8.10: ESALs Calculations for Swat Motorway Extension Phase II (Section 8)

PASSENGER TRUCKS TRACTOR

Year/Traffic YEAR BUSES 2 Axle 3-Axle 3-Axle 4-Axle 5-Axle 6-Axle TROLLY
Rigid Artc. Artc. Artc. Artc. ESALs Cumulative Design ESALs
Damg. Fact Loaded 0.939 4.67 8.84 - 12.99 10.35 10.9 1.5
Empty 0.043 0.072 - 0.072 0.084 0.165 0.052
Data Collected 2019 583 907 246 0 65 9 12 0 2,374,348 2,374,348 1,899,478
Construction 2020 612 952 258 0 68 10 12 0 2,493,065 2,493,065 1,994,452
Construction 2021 643 1000 271 0 71 10 13 0 2,617,718 2,617,718 2,094,175
Construction 2022 675 1050 285 0 75 10 13 0 2,748,604 2,748,604 2,198,883
1 2023 709 1102 299 0 79 11 14 0 2,886,035 2,886,035 2,308,828
2 2024 744 1157 314 0 83 12 15 0 3,030,336 3,030,336 2,424,269
3 2025 781 1215 330 0 87 12 16 0 3,181,853 3,181,853 2,545,482
4 2026 820 1276 346 0 91 13 16 0 3,340,946 3,340,946 2,672,757
5 2027 861 1340 364 0 96 13 17 0 3,507,993 3,507,993 2,806,394
6 2028 904 1407 382 0 100 14 18 0 3,683,393 3,683,393 2,946,714
7 2029 950 1477 401 0 106 15 19 0 3,867,562 3,867,562 3,094,050
8 2030 997 1551 421 0 111 16 20 0 4,060,940 4,060,940 3,248,752
9 2031 1047 1629 442 0 116 16 21 0 4,263,987 4,263,987 3,411,190
10 2032 1099 1710 464 0 122 17 22 0 4,477,187 4,477,187 3,581,749
11 2033 1154 1796 487 0 128 18 23 0 4,701,046 4,701,046 3,760,837
12 2034 1212 1885 512 0 135 19 24 0 4,936,098 4,936,098 3,948,879
13 2035 1273 1980 537 0 141 20 25 0 5,182,903 5,182,903 4,146,323
14 2036 1336 2079 564 0 148 21 27 0 5,442,049 5,442,049 4,353,639
15 2037 1403 2183 592 0 156 22 28 0 5,714,151 5,714,151 4,571,321
16 2038 1473 2292 622 0 164 23 29 0 5,999,859 5,999,859 4,799,887
17 2039 1547 2406 653 0 172 24 31 0 6,299,851 6,299,851 5,039,881
18 2040 1624 2527 686 0 180 25 32 0 6,614,844 6,614,844 5,291,875
19 2041 1705 2653 720 0 189 27 34 0 6,945,586 6,945,586 5,556,469
20 2042 1791 2786 756 0 199 28 36 0 7,292,866 7,292,866 5,834,292

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