Propagation Path Loss Models For Mobile Communication: Lukáš Klozar, Jan Prokopec

Propagation Path Loss Models for
Mobile Communication
Lukáš Klozar, Jan Prokopec

Brno University of Technology
Presentation schedule
 Motivation
 Introduction
 Propagation models
 PSO localization
 Conclusion
page 2 xkloza00@stud.feec.vutbr.cz
Motivation
 Channel modeling for short distances

• Indoor signal propagation
• Indoor to outdoor propagation
 Moving objects
• Autonomous robot localization
• Car to car channel modeling
Introduction
 Cellular network
• BCCH (CID, TA, RxLev, ARFCN)
• GPS position
 Path loss propagation models for mobile communication
• Distances over 1 km (Hata based)
 Propagation for short distances
• LOS, NLOS
• Shadowing – due obstacles affecting the wave
• Multipath propagation
Propagation models I
F re e s p a c e a n d O k u m u ra H a ta m o d e l
 Free space 180
L FS =32.4420log 10  f 2020log 10  d  160
P a t h lo s s [ d B ]
 Okumura-Hata
140
LOH = A Blog 10 d −a hm C
120
Limitation: F S 900M Hz
F S 1500M Hz
• f ϵ <150-1500>MHz 100 O H UR B A N
O H S U B -U R B A N
• hbϵ <30-200>m O H O P E N
80
0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2
• hmϵ <1-10>m D is t a n c e [ m ] x 10
4
The signal path losses vs. the distance

• d ϵ <1-20>km
from a transmiter
 Cost231
• f ϵ <1500-2000>MHz
Propagation models II – multislope
3 - s lo p e a n d 2 - s lo p e m o d e l
150
 Dual slope model 140
• d < 1km 130
120
Combination of the path losses 110
for the FS at the distance 100
d20=20m and the O-H at 90

2 - s lo p e U R B A N
80 2 - s lo p e S U B -U R B A N
dBP=1km 70
2 - s lo p e O P E N A RE A
3 - s lo p e U R B A N
60 3 - s lo p e S U B URB A N
3 - s lo p e O P E N
50
L near = LOH  d BP  0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
D is t a n c e [ m ]
slope L⋅[log 10 d −log 10 d BP ]
from a transmiter
LOH  d BP ⋅log 10  d BP − L FS d 20 ⋅log 10 d 20 
slope L =
log 10 d BP −log 10 d 20 
Propagation models IV – measured data
M e a s u re d d a ta - U R B A N a re a M e a s u re d d a ta - S U B -U R B A N a re a
130 130
120 120
110
110
100
100
90
90
80
500 1000 1500 0 500 1000 1500

D is t a n c e [ m ] D is t a n c e [ m ]
M e a s u re d d a ta - O P E N a re a
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Propagation models V – measured data
M e a s u re d d a ta
130
120
110
100
90 U R BAN
S U B -U R B A N
80 O PEN AR EA
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Propagation models VI – tuning
3 - s lo p e a n d 2 - s lo p e m o d e l
150
 3 slope model tuning 140
• Break points: 130
120
• d1=40m 110
• d2=250m 100
90
80
70
60
50
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
from a transmiter, and measured data
for each environment
Propagation models VII – fitting
M S E p a t h lo s s m o d e l fit t in g
150
 MSE model fitting M e a s u r e d d a ta
140 3 -s lo p e T u n n e d
• MSE estimation 2 -s
3 -s
lo p e
lo p e C O S T
130
2
∑  L M − L P S f 
MSE =
 N −1
LM – measured PL
120
110
100
LP – predicted PL
90
Sf – shifting coefficient 80
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
• Model fitting with D is t a n c e [ m ]
MSE value The signal path losses vs. the distance
L MSE = L model S f − MSE from a transmiter, and measured data
for URBAN environment
MSE deviation error estimation
 The lowest deviation error is achieved with 3-slope tuned model

in sub-urban environment
Area type Path loss model

2-slope 3-slope 3-slope
tunned
Urban 17,31 12,8 11,27
Sub-urban 15,19 10,24 8,74
Open 13,73 13,73 10,11
PSO Localization
 PSO setup
• 25 agents
• Personal scaling factor Cp=1.5
• Global scaling factor Cg=2.49
• Main loop with 20 iterations Picture description
 Criteria function
• Euclidean distance
The localization proces in the UTM
 Localization results (error) coordinate system with 3 BTS (error
161m)
• The 3-slope tuned: 565m
• The 2-slope tuned: 478m
Conclusion
 Channel modeling for the short distances is complex process,

which depends on many aspects.
 Further work:
• Suppression of a shadowing and the other fading effects
affecting a signal.
• Channel modeling for very short distances.
• Indoor channel modeling.
• Channel modeling for moving objects.
Acknowledgement
Thank you for your attention !
This paper was supported by the research

program of Brno University of Technology,
Electronic Communication Systems and New
Generation Technology (ELKOM)
MSM0021630513
Contact
Lukáš Klozar
xkloza00@stud.feec.vutbr.cz
Department of Radio Electronics, Brno University of Technology

Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Tel: +420 541 149 164
Fax: +420 541 149 244

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Propagation Path Loss Models for

Lukáš Klozar, Jan Prokopec

 Channel modeling for short distances

L FS =32.4420log 10  f 2020log 10  d  160

The signal path losses vs. the distance

• d < 1km 130

for the FS at the distance 100

d20=20m and the O-H at 90

500 1000 1500 0 500 1000 1500

• Break points: 130

 The lowest deviation error is achieved with 3-slope tuned model

Area type Path loss model

 Channel modeling for the short distances is complex process,

Thank you for your attention !

This paper was supported by the research

Department of Radio Electronics, Brno University of Technology

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