San Pablo Colleges

College of nursing
Nursing Informatics
NCM 110

Conopio, Juliannna Alex B. April 4, 2022

BSN-2B

E-Journal in Nursing Practice

 Ethical Challenges of Nurses in COVID-19 Pandemic: Integrative Review

Currently, nurses are in the middle of the battle against COVID-19. The pandemic situation has
put these professionals against various ethical challenges. Therefore, this review aims to identify the
main ethical challenges faced by nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. This integrative review was
guided by the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. All
English version studies that reported ethical challenges of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic,
from November 9, 2019, to November 9, 2020, were eligible for the review. The electronic databases
used were PubMed, Google Scholar, JURN, Cochrane Library E-Journals, MEDLINE, Academic Search
Complete, CINAHL. Accordingly, 8 articles were included for further analysis and synthesis. The ethical
challenges of nurses were categorized into three thematic areas: nurses’ safety, role and moral
distress, resource allocation, and client–nurse relationship. Thus, the lack of full protection of nurses
across the health industry has raised ethical questions such as the extent of their duty, scarce
resources, and the failure of personal protective equipment. In connection, a significant number of
nurses were also facing moral distress because of prolonged pressure to maintain the resources
needed to provide safe and high-quality nursing care. Furthermore, nurses were challenged to restrict
many COVID-19 patients from having end-of-life communication with their families. Overall, nurses
are still facing various ethical challenges across the globe. Therefore, it is important to mobilize
resources and invest in nurses to bring long-lasting solutions.

 Improving Nursing Care Documentation in Emergency Department: A

Participatory Action Research Study in Iran
Standardization of documentation has enabled the use of medical records as a primary tool for
evaluating health care functions and obtaining appropriate credit points for medical centres.
However, previous studies have shown that the quality of medical records in emergency departments
is unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was improving the nursing care documentation in an
emergency department, in Iran. This collaborative action research study was carried out in two phases
to improve nursing care documentation in cooperation with individuals involved in the process, from
February 2015 to December 2017 in an affiliated academic hospital in Iran. The first phase featured
virtual training, an educational workshop, and improvements to the hospital information system. The
second phase involved the recruitment of human resources, the implementation of continuous
codified training, the establishment of an appropriate reward and penalty system, and the review of
patient education forms. The interventions improved nursing documentation quality score of 73.20%,
which was the highest accreditation ranking provided by Iran’s Ministry of Health and Medical
Education in 2017. In other words, this study caused a 32% improvement in the quality of nursing care
documentation in the hospital. The appropriate practices for improving nursing care documentation
are employee participation, managerial accountability, nurses’ adherence to documentation
standards, improved leadership style, and continuous monitoring and control.

 A Nurse Is Not Just a Nurse: The Challenges of Nursing During a Pandemic and
Beyond
We also have had to figure out new ways of taking care of patients. People seem to think you
could just get critical care nurses, like we keep them in a closet, we could go and open the closet and
find the nurse. Well, we don’t staff that way. When these sorts of things happen, like this pandemic,
we have to scramble to figure out where we’re going to get the right nurses for the job and how we’re
going to change our models. One thing I learned, that I didn’t realize that nonclinicians didn’t always
know, is that a nurse is not a nurse is not a nurse. We are all specialists now, even more than we were
when I started nursing, and we cannot just be replaced by each other and expected to do the job that
the other specialist usually does. The big challenge has been figuring out where to put patients, how
to take care of them with a different group of nurses, and how to do team nursing again. The
vaccinations themselves haven’t really changed anything that we’re doing in the hospitals; however, it
is another challenge for staffing because we have been giving the immunizations ourselves, mostly
our nurses. We’ve had nurse CEOs, nurse Chief Operating Officers (COOs), and nurse Chief Nursing
Officers going to the front lines to help give vaccinations because it’s another challenge while you’re
in the middle of taking care of patients to figure out how you’re going to give all of those vaccines.

 Online Antenatal Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities and

Challenges
People across the world have been greatly affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-
19) pandemic. The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) in hospitals is particularly problematic for recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant
women who require professional antenatal care. Online antenatal care would be a preferable
alternative for these women since it can provide pregnancy-related information and remote clinic
consultations. In addition, online antenatal care may help to provide relatively economical medical
services and diminish health care inequality due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness, especially
in developing countries or regions. However, some pregnant women will doubt the reliability of such
online information. Therefore, it is important to ensure the quality and safety of online services and
establish a stable, mutual trust between the pregnant women, the obstetric care providers and the
technology vis-a-vis the online programs. Here, we report how the COVID-19 pandemic brings not
only opportunities for the development and popularization of online antenatal care programs but also
challenges.

 Entrepreneurship in Nursing: an integrative literature review

To demonstrate in the national and international literature the concept and typologies of
entrepreneurship in Nursing. Integrative review in six databases, with the descriptors
entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa
empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem and enfermeira, making a final
sample of 31 articles. The concept of entrepreneurship in Nursing is related to personal and
professional characteristics, such as autonomy, independence, flexibility, innovation, proactivity, self-
confidence and responsibility. The typologies found were: social and business entrepreneurship, and
intrapreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is a mechanism of social mobilization and transformation,
entrepreneurship is one in which nurses are autonomous professionally and intrapreneurship relates
to corporate entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship can increase the visibility of the profession and foster
the creation of new spaces for nurses.