Summarizing the Bi Ideas in this Chapter 1. Holism is about seeing things as a whole and as something that is bigger than the sum of its parts, 2. To understand people better is to see them in their totality. 3. There are five aspects of a whole person, these are: a. — Physiological — refers to the physical body and how this affects the other aspects of a person b. Cognitive refers to the thinking process of a person Psychological — refers to a person's way of thinking, feeling, and behaving d. Social — refers to the relationships a person has with other people Spiritual — refers to the higher ideals, beliefs, and values a person adheres to which help guide the person in achieving personal happiness and self-fulfillment10. Basic drives are the biological instincts that humans experience such as hunger, thirst, and the like. Emotions are usually caused by physical sensations experienced by the body asa reaction toa certain external stimulus. Feelings are the result from the emotions that were experienced. Attitudes are a person’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions about another person, object, idea, behavior, or situation. Attitude is a result of a person’s evaluation of an experience with another person, object, idea, behavior, or situation based on his or her values and belief systems. Behavior is an outward manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has. Values are a system of beliefs that adhere to the highest ideals of human existence, These ideals create meaning and purpose in a person’s life that often result in personal happiness and self-fulfillment. Virtues are dispositions to do good deeds.Chapter Development Stages 4 in Middle and Late Adolescence » — Adolescence: Between Childhood and Adulthood y Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development > Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion v Changes During Adolescence > © Adolescence and Social Behavior > Skills and Tasks Appropriate for Middle and Late AdolescenceAdolescence: Between Childhood and Adulthood As adolescents develop physically, they also develop cognitively, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. The ages during adolescence may be bracketed as follows (Corpuz, Lucas, Borabo, & Lucido, 2010): >» — Early adolescence — around 10 to 13 years old > — Middle adolescence — from 14 to 16 years old > Late adolescence — from 17 to 20 years old American psychologists differ slightly with their age definitions of adolescence. Feist and Rosenberg (2012) pegged early adolescence at age 11 or 12, and late adolescence at about age 18. Hence, in America, a child is usually out of the house by the age 18 because this is the age on how they define young adulthood. This age definition of adolescence is not a cut-and- dried rule as some persons mature ahead of others, or some experience delayed maturity due to many factors like genetics, environment, or even economic conditions.Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Erik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development define each stage of human development with a crisis or a conflict. Each crisis or conflict either gets resolved or may be left unresolved, resulting in favorable or unfavorable outcomes. years) express oneself + Develops feeling of autonomy Conflict or Influe Stage meancal Crisis to be Possible Results from Resolving Conflict or Crisis Resolved Favorable Results Unfavorable Results Infancy (from Being able to trust others when Hah teat Parents | Tustvs. [primary caregiver (usually Mistrusting others, months) . Mistrust |the mother) provides caring,| withdrawal or estrangement attention, and love > Develops self-control and Compulsive self-restraint physical skills, and sense or compliance of independence without Willfulness and defiance Early Childhood Autonomy | — losing self-esteem z (18monthsto3| Parents | vs. Shame i Failure will result in and Doubt |” Ability tocooperateandto | estings of share and doubtLate Childhood {Preschool} (3-5 years) School Age {6-12 years) Parents and | tnitiative vs Teachers Guilt Parents and | Industry vs. Teachers | inferiority Learns that being assertive, using power, and being purposeful can influence their environment Develops sense of purpose Starts to evaluate one’s behavior Learns how to cope with the school environment and its demands Learns how to create, develop, and manipulate Develops a sense of competence and perseverance When using too much power and control, might experience disapproval resulting in lack of self confidence and sense of guilt Pessimism, fear of being wrongly judned Loss of hope, sense of being mediocre Develops feelings of inferiority Withdrawal from school and peers Adolescence (12-20 years) Teachers and | Identity Significant | vs. Role Others Confusion Develops a sense of self and identity Plans to actualize one’s abilities Develops the ability to stay true to oneself Feeling of confusion, indecisiveness, and antl- social behavior Weak sense of selfSa ————Seee ifoiencsice. Significant vs. Role abilities: Weak sense of self Garzoyeors) |“ Giners | confusion Develons the ability to stay trveto onesell Develops.a strong nced Trapersonel weak to form intimate, loving relationships felationships with a group Avoidance of reationst Of people or with another x peopl = career, or lifestyle Fount | cage | intimacyws. |e commitments seul tends | Isolation Develops strong (20-25 years) Develops ste May result in isolation - _ and loneliness Learns commitment to work And with another person or group ‘reatcs or nurtures things | Selfindulgence, that will outlast them, selfcconcern, of lack either by having children of | of interests and.» ‘Adulthood Generativity | creating positive change” | commitments (25-65 years) Community Stagnation thot benefits others. Creativity, productivity, feeling of usefulness and ‘accomplishment, and concern for others Shallow involvement in the world, pessimism Maturity (65 years to death) Community Integrity vs. Despair ‘Sense of fulfillment as one looks back in one’s Ife and develops feeling of wisdom Acceptance of worth and uniqueness of one’s own life Acceptance of the inevitability of death and ‘Sense of loss, contempt for others May result in regret, bitterness and despairThere is an interesting social phenomenon that has taken over the world today and it is called the “selfie” phenomenon. People’s penchant to take their solo pictures or in a setting with interesting backgrounds, and uploading these to their social networking sites is definitely creating an impact on the way young people see themselves. The use of Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat, three of the most popular social media, shows the way millennials live today. Social media have become their outlet to express themselves, communicate with each other, and even meet new people. There are dangers in using social media though, particularly breach of one’s privacy, and connecting with strangers whose motives may not be friendly. The development of the adolescent's identity today is definitely being influenced and molded by technology. Go online and watch the video "The Mysterious Work of the Adolescent Brai Reflection: 1. a3 What did you learn from the video? What do you think about the speaker's observations about the adolescent brain? How does this apply to the Filipino adolescent? on Ted.com.Summarizing the Big Ideas in this Chapter 1. Puberty involves the physical changes that happen during the adolescent stage. During puberty, the adolescent body matures sexually. 2. Cognitive development also happens during adolescence as the brain continues to grow and develop. New cognitive skills develop such as reasoning, abstract thinking, and increased intelligence. 3. Social development happens during adolescence when adolescents desire for more autonomy and independence from their families; and as their friends and peers become their primary influence, taking over the previous roles their parents had.Idealism and experimentation are hallmarks of the adolescence stage. Beliefs and values are formed at this stage, sometimes even questioning the existing and accepted social norms. With puberty, the adolescent also goes into experimentation of their bodies, exploring their sexuality, as well as substances such as alcoholic drinks or drugs, which may result in addiction or crime when left uncontrolled. There are certain developmental tasks and skills adolescents have to learn and imbibe so that they can prepare themselves in becoming more responsible adolescents and mature toward young adulthood. These tasks and skills will also help adolescents in defining their career preferences while preparing them for more meaningful and productive lives. Self-identity or self-concept evolves from an individual’s own set of beliefs and values system, in the roles he has identified for himself, the responsibilities he Fecognizes and owns, and the expectations others have on him.