ELIZABETH SETON SCHOOL

High School Division

Science Department
SY: 2021-2022

Name: Angel Albino                                                Date:

Teacher: Ms. Jo

          
Third Term
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

Mini-Laboratory Activity no. 1

Properties of the Elements

Introduction
From our last discussion, we have learned that elements in the same column have similar
chemical and physical properties. Some of the periodic trends include the following: atomic radius,
ionisation energy, ionic radius, electronegativity, and reactivity. In this activity, we are going to learn
what are the other properties of the elements. Elements are generally divided into two main groups -
metals and nonmetals. Both groups have a number of subgroups. All elements have certain
properties. For example, most metals are hard, shiny solids. They are good conductors of both heat
and electricity. Metals are also malleable and ductile. Nonmetals on the other hand, are gases at room
temperature. Solid nonmetals are dull and neither malleable nor ductile Non Metals are also poor
conductors of heat and electricity.

In this Virtual Lab, you will test the properties of mystery elements. You will use what you
know about the properties of these elements to identify the element.

I. Objectives
1. Compare and contrast the properties of elements.
2. Identify elements based on their properties.

II. Procedure
1. Click the virtual lab activity about properties of elements in this link:
https://nt7-mhe-complex-assets.mheducation.com/nt7-mhe-complex-assets/Upload-20190215/
9-12PhysicalScienceComplexAssetURLs/E21/index.html
2. Click the Video button. Watch the video to find out how substances are tested to determine
their properties. Record your observations on the journal provided in this lab activity sheet.
3. After watching the video, select mystery element no. 1. Drag the element test tube in the
density test box to check the mystery element’s density. Do not forget to record your results
and observations in the table provided below. Do the same procedure for flame color test,
melting point, and boiling point test.
4. Identify the mystery element using the table guide in the simulation.
5. Repeat steps 3-4 for mystery elements 2-8. Do not forget to record your results and
observations in the table provided below.
III. Data and Results

A. Journal
a. How are substances tested to determine their properties?

Elements are classified with their corresponding sets of properties. According to the
video, four properties were mentioned: Density, Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Flame
Color. Then, these may be further investigated by testing a substance using a series of
experiments or measurements.

The density of a substance is calculated by first recording the mass of the substance
and then measuring the volume of water displaced when a substance is put into a
graduated cylinder. Then, use the formula: Mass divided by volume equals density.

The melting point of a substance is determined by placing a solid sample of that

substance into a container, adding heat, and then recording the temperature at which a
substance turns from a solid to a liquid. The temperature remains constant until all of
the substance turns into a liquid.

The boiling point of a substance is determined by placing a sample amount of the

substance into a container, adding heat, and then recording temperature changes until
the temperature stops rising. This constant temperature is the boiling point of the
substance.

A flame test involves burning a small amount of a substance over a bunsen burner
and then observing the color of the flame.

B. Properties of Elements

No DENSITY FLAME COLOR MELTING BOILING ELEMENT

1 The element The element The element The element Barium (Ba)
has medium produces a has a high has a high
density yellow-green melting point boiling point
flame

2 The element The element The element The element Antimony (Sb)
has medium produces has a medium has a high
density green flame melting point boiling point

3 The element The element The element The element Zinc (Zn)
has high produces has a medium has a low
density green flame melting point boiling point

4 The element The element The element The element Cesium or Caesium
has a low produces has a low has a low (Cs)
density violet flame melting point boiling point

5 The element The element The element The element Tellurium (Te)
has high produces has a medium has a low
density green flame melting point boiling point

6 The element The element The element The element Molybdenum (Mo)
has high produces has a high has a high
density yellow-green melting point boiling point
flame
 7 The element The element The element The element Calcium (Ca)
has low produces red has a high has a medium
density flame melting point boiling point
(over 700
degrees)

8 The element The element The element The element Sodium (Na)
has low produces has a low has a low
density yellow flame melting point boiling point

IV. Guide Questions:

1. What are the common properties evident for metal elements?

Answer:
Metals refer to many groups of elements. Gold, silver, platinum, mercury, uranium,
aluminum, sodium, and calcium are a few examples. Metals also include alloys such as
brass and bronze. Metals have the capacity to be deformed without breaking, which is one
of their characteristics. The capacity of a metal to be hammered into forms is referred to as
malleability. The capacity of a metal to be pulled into a wire is referred to as ductility.
Metals are good heat and electrical conductors because their valence electrons may flow
freely.

Here is a list of some common properties:

● Shiny “metallic” appearance
● Solids at room temperature
● High melting points
● High densities
● Low ionization energies
● Low electronegativities
● Malleable
● Ductile

2. “Each element has its own distinct properties and characteristics.” How can we apply
this concept in real life? (ex: forensics, analysis, research, industrial use, etc).

Answer:
With certain things having distinct properties and characteristics that can be tested and
identified in the same way as elements, we may categorize them into groups that appear
similarly based on their properties and observe a pattern by analyzing them as a group. An
example of this in our daily life is drugs. Drugs are classified by how they work, what they
treat, and their chemical structure. Some drugs fit in more than one category. Others are
grouped together under some classification methods but not others. The aim of drug
classification is to make sure you use a drug safely and get the greatest possible benefit.
Every time you take a drug, your body chemistry changes. Medications are meant to help.
But they sometimes cause harmful side effects.
CHECK-POINT:
How would you rate the difficulty of periodic trends 1 2 3 4 5
*Rate your understanding of the lab activity, from 1 the easiest, 5 the hardest. Answer this question by using the yellow
highlighter beside the text color.

SUBMISSION:
● Submit your file (pdf) format in the submission link given in ELIZA following this title format:
Example: Lab1_PropertiesofElements_Name