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STS 100
THE FIGHT AGAINST COLONIALISM
AND IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA

Simon, Dale Sharey C.

Tabuan, Christianne Mae S.

Tahil, Zcrin J.

Umar, Noorhe Rihanne A.

.
BSN 2E
April 01, 2022
Guide questions
No. 1 Tabuan What is the intellectual all about?
Colonialism had a huge impact on the lives of Africans. Economic policies were adopted by Europeans
who destroyed the colonies, rather than help them. Africa was damaged economically, politically, and
culturally. Africa's traditional lifestyles and culture were destroyed. After the Second World War, revolts
and struggles against colonial rule no longer demanded reform but full political independence. This was
influenced by African participation in the Second World War. Africans played an important role in the
liberation of Ethiopia.

No. 2 Tahil Who are the key figures in the revolution?

Zulu Chief Bambatha.
He was not happy with the loss of land his people suffered and the poll tax of one pound that they were
forced to pay. His demand was that his people's land be returned and the poll tax lifted. The armed rebellion
was finally crushed after lasting out a year. Chief Bambatha together with his 3000 followers was killed.
Kinjigitile Ngwale
In East Africa there was the Maji Maji revolt organised in 1905. The revolt was against forced labour and
tax policies forced upon the people by the German government, which was implementing a cotton scheme
to increase her exports. To implement their scheme the Germans forced Africans to plant cotton instead of
their traditional staple crops. And the Maji Maji revolted.
John Chilembwe
The leader of this uprising to protest against the hut tax, which was increased by 8 shillings in 1909, and
unfair labour practices on white owned estates. John Chilembwe organised an armed rebellion against the
colonial government. On the 23 January 1915, an armed group of men attacked the Livingstone Estate while
another group attacked the Bruce Estate.

No. 3 Umar How did the revolution advance modern science and scientific thinking at the time?
Born out of the Scientific Revolution was the Enlightenment, which applied the scientific method developed
during the seventeenth century to human behavior and society during the eighteenth century. The Scientific
Revolution influenced the development of the Enlightenment values of individualism because it
demonstrated the power of the human mind. The ability of scientists to come to their own conclusions rather
than deferring to instilled authority confirmed the capabilities and worth of the individual. The power of
human beings to discern truth through reasoning influenced the development of the Enlightenment value
of rationalism. Such influences, combined with the decreasing reliance on the traditional teachings of the
Church, led to a period of philosophical activity unparalleled in modern times. One of the most important
developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An
increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove
the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning scientific revolution a change in
both science and thought? It changes the Science behind why many things happen and also what people
though actually goes on. It allows people to start thinking that what they are being told by the church is not
right and there is scientific proof to prove what is going on.

No. 4 Simon What controversies met the revolution?

1. Taking land from African people to give to the Europians - due to the growing number of Europians
in the colonies, the land of African people has been taken away from them, and this is one of the changes
introduced by Europe in an effort to increase revenues from the colonies
2. Forcing Africans to work for Europian settlers - Next we have the introduction of taxes such as the
hut tax and poll tax which forces the Africans to work for European settlers to pay for these taxes. This was
because the new taxes had to be paid in cash and not with cattle or crops like the practice beforehand.
3. Exploitation of African Labourers - As there are exploitation of African Labourers by European
employers, this also added to the growing resentment among the local people.
4. Resistant movements and Revolts - In Africa, resistance movements began to emerge. The desire for
more land and labor in colonies with an increasing number of settlers caused tensions between colonial
authority and the white groups that had arrived in the colonies. More African lands were seized from them
and handed to Europeans for colonisation. Some chiefs organized rebellions against colonial authorities in
response to these events. Zulu Chief Bambatha was one of the chiefs who organized an armed insurrection
against British colonial rule. He was dissatisfied with the loss of land that his people had to endure, as well
as the one-pound poll tax that they were obliged to pay. His demands included the restitution of his people's
land and the removal of the poll tax. After a year of fighting, the armed revolt was ultimately put down.
Chief Bambatha and his 3000 supporters were assassinated. Similar uprisings occurred in Eastern Africa,
South West Africa, and Zimbabwe. They were all suppressed, just like the Bambatha rebellions. In all of
them are similar traits shown which was a strong belief in African spirit mediums and a strong influence of
Ethiopianism which was to restore African traditions and political structures.
5. Uprising - African spirit mediums did not influence all uprisings during this time period. The Christian
church and the Seventh-Day Adventist Church, led by Priest John Chilembwe, played a key role in
organizing and carrying out an early insurrection against colonial rule in Nyasaland, now Malawi. This was
led by John Chilembwe to protest the hut tax, doubled by 8 shillings in 1909, and unfair labor conditions
on white-owned plantations. There were also other examples of these. Despite its failure, the revolt led the
government in Nyasaland to reexamine its land and labor policies. The insurrection was sparked by these
factors. They were developed primarily to exploit the colonies by extracting more labor and increasing
worker productivity in order to reduce the colony's costs.
6. Formation of Political Parties -Another response to colonial transformation was the formation of
political parties. These were made by the small educated group of Africans mainly living in developing
colonial towns, and were educated at missionary schools. At first, these parties did not wish to create a mass
following, but to lobby their respective colonial governments to recognise the civil rights of Africans, and
protect and recognize the land rights of Africans in rural areas. The formation of political parties in this
period reflected changes in African nationalism.
7. Responses to Colonial Rule - after the second World War, revolts and even struggles against colonial
rule no longer seek reform but full political independence. African participation in the Second World War
influenced such matter, as Africans played an important role in the liberation of Ethiopia.