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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ETHICS
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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

I. Multiple Choice
Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the best / most plausible answer.

1. According to Aristotle, how can the good life be achieved?

a. The good life can only be achieved by following our emotional instincts.
b. The good life can only be achieved by following the virtues.
c. The good life can only be achieved through vices.
d. The good life can only be achieved by following the constitution.
2. Aristotle called this as a contented state of being happy, healthy and prosperous.
a. Ethics c. Eudaimonia
b. Morality d. Mean
3. What determines a character in the Aristotelian Ethical perspective?
a. It is our opinion about good or evil.
b. It is our choice of good actions only.
c. It is our opinion about evil only.
d. It is our choice of good and evil.
4. Which is true of the Aristotelian notion of human nature?
a. Human nature is what we are born for.
b. Human nature is what we are born as.
c. Human nature is what God plans for us.
d. None of the above
5. Which statement leads human actions to good character?
a. Actions must be developed through constant practice.
b. Actions must be developed through good memory.
c. Actions must be properly displayed.
d. Actions must be properly omitted.
6. What makes a human good if the good of a human is reason?
a. If it reasons a lot c. If it argues less
b. If it reasons well d. If it explains well
7. Acting bravely in the face of troubles and fears is a virtue of _____.
a. Prudence c. Fortitude
b. Justice d. Temperance
8. Judging correctly what is right and wrong in any given situation is a virtue of _____.
a. Prudence c. Fortitude
b. Justice d. Temperance
9. Aristotle’s practical wisdom is an/a ________ virtue.
a. Physical c. Intellectual
b. Emotional d. Theological
10. Giving to God and our neighbor what is rightfully theirs is a virtue of ______.
a. Prudence c. Fortitude
b. Justice d. Temperance
11. It is the virtue that attempts to keep us from excess.
a. Prudence c. Courage
b. Temperance d. Justice
12. In the commission of pre-marital sex by teenagers, what virtue is encouraged for them
to avoid such action?
a. Honesty c. Courage
b. Self-control d. Patience
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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

13. When a student cheats during examination, which virtue is encouraged to avoid such
cheating?
a. Generosity c. Fortitude
b. Fidelity d. Honesty
14. Which of the following portrays a good practice of Endurance?
a. A person patiently waits regardless of how long it takes.
b. A person patiently waits when it is done with big prize.
c. A person patiently waits only when it is really necessary.
d. A person patiently waits only with a period of time.
15. For Aristotle, when can a habit be considered good?
a. It is good when knowledge is applied most often.
b. It is good when an action is done for the greatest number of people.
c. It is good when an action is done through God’s will.
d. It is good when moral actions are applied well.
16. Who is happier in Aristotle's eudaimonia?
a. The contemplative person
b. The knowledgeable person
c. The perfectionist person
d. The just person
17. Based on Aristotle, what do people seek above all else?
a. Success c. Pleasure
b. Eudaimonia d. Power
18. Which virtue is necessary for a soldier?
a. Courage c. Patience
b. Humility d. Temperance
19. How do we learn virtue?
a. By habit c. B. By rational instruction
b. By dialectical argument d. By learning from our mistakes
20. Aristotle believed that “doing the right thing, at the right time, in the right way, in the
right amount, toward the right people makes a person _________.”
a. Spiritual c. Just
b. Virtuous d. Incontinent
21. How is character developed in the Aristotelian view?
a. One’s character is developed through habituation.
b. One’s character is developed through Divine plan.
c. One’s character is developed through inconsistent actions.
d. One’s character is developed through innovation.
22. Which of the following is NOT considered a Eudaimonistic life?
a. A life of striving oneself to reach success.
b. A life of pushing oneself to one’s limits and be the best person you can be.
c. A life of happiness that comes from achieving something really difficult.
d. A life of happiness that is just having it handed to you.
23. Feeding the hungry is an example of a positive injunction of ______________.
a. Avoiding offense c. Living with others
b. Procreation d. Promoting life
24. Aquinas’ basic good that drives us to sustain life is called _________.
a. Reproduction c. Self-preservation
b. Live in society d. Avoid offense
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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

25. This basic good of a person that drives us to procreate in God’s name.
a. Reproduction c. Self-preservation
b. Seek God d. Educate one’s offspring
26. For Aquinas, what are the reasons why people still do evil by offending others despite
the fact that we are given the ability to recognize and seek the good.
a. Ignorance c. Both A and B
b. Emotion d. None of the choices
27. Which is true of Divine law (Batas ng Diyos) in Thomasian notion?
a. Divine law is a human positive law.
b. Divine law is the basis of choosing what is best for us.
c. Divine law is the basis of all human actions to attain good.
d. Divine law only pertains to those who live a good life.
28. Which is true of the human positive law in the Thomasian perspective?
a. The law of man is based from the legislative bodies
b. The law of man is based from one’s state of mind.
c. The law of man is based from the voice of majority.
d. The law of man is based from the law of the Divine.
29. Which is Aquinas’ first principle of morality?
a. Good should be done, and evil avoided.
b. Good and evil are circumstances.
c. Good or bad is what we ought to do.
d. None of the above
30. What human virtues are necessary for us to attain a moral life?
a. Cardinal virtues c. Intellectual virtues
b. Theological virtues d. Emotional virtues
31. Aquinas argues that every agent acts for the sake of ________.
a. Pleasure c. Pleasing God
b. Self-interest d. An end
32. The theory of Natural law is based on the idea that __________________.
a. God wants us to want good things.
b. God wants us to do whatever we want in life
c. God wants us to depend of other’s decision
d. God wants us to be morally responsible only to good things
33. According to Aquinas, the things that we are designed to seek are known as ________.
a. Principles c. Basic goods
b. Desires d. Wealth
34. The following are the cardinal virtues according to St. Thomas Aquinas except:
a. Prudence c. Justness
b. Temperance d. Fortitude
35. The following are the INSTINCTS or NATURAL DESIRES drive us to seek for basic goods
according to St. Thomas Aquinas except:
a. Life c. Procreate
b. Know the truth d. Live in peace
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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

II. Cause and Effect Variety

Direction: Both of the given statements separated by the word because are true.
Determine whether the second sentence explains why the first one is true. If it does,
write YES; if it does not explain why it is true write NO.

1. We manifest our “being” through our “doing” because we cannot really “know”
the kind of person we are independently of our actions.
2. We develop virtues through learning and through practice because virtues are
habituated.
3. Morality depends so much on reason because one's faith can be an indispensable
context for moral deliberation.
4. The Mean with regard to humor and amusement is wit because the ultimate good
must be complete and self-sufficient.
5. The good of individuals is inextricably linked to the good of the community
because moral judgments must be backed by good reasons for the best results.
6. In ethical-cultural relativism, society seems an arbitrary source of value because
the society can even approve a state activity like which may be unethical to other
cultures.
7. Reason discovers what is right by interpreting nature because the natural
distinctive end purpose of humanity is to be rational.
8. There is not a single step in the process of ethical deliberation or reasoning
because every ethical problem has more than one component.
9. Aristotle not only describes virtue as a state of character because he suggests that
to better understand the nature of happiness we must investigate the nature of
virtue.
10. To be moral requires that you deliberately know what you are doing and choosing
because you need to find the proper balance between two extremes.

III. Identification
Direction: Identify the concept or idea being described.

1. He argued that “in order to become a virtuous person one must develop a virtuous
character.”
2. He is someone whose interests and personal biases are detached as he studies
the surrounding circumstances and evaluates the repercussions.
3. This human faculty, according to Aristotle, allows humans to apprehends the
fundamental principles such as the laws of thinking and other fundamental truths.
4. According to Aristotle this refers to the ability to be reasonable in actions, desires
and emotions.
5. This refers to the accumulation or totality of persons’ moral conducts, practices
and temperaments.
6. This theory suggests that ethical actions are those that afford the utmost
equilibrium of good over evil for the greatest number of people.
7. This was used by Joshua Greene as he put people in an fMRI machine to measure
their brain activity while they pondered various scenarios.
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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

8. This suggests that decisions shall be anchored on the idea “greatest amount of
benefit achieved for the greatest number of people.”
9. This moral thought stresses that certain actions are just erroneous, despite of
beneficial consequences.
10. This is often considered as illogical incidences that may distort reasoning.
11. In the study of Joshua Greene, he discovered that when participants were
deciding whether or not to flip the switch there was increased activity in this part
of the brain that is responsible for logical thinking.
12. This refers to concept of happiness that presupposes the acceptance of a
particular set of values.
13. The part of the brain responsible in our abilities to discern among contradictory
judgments, define good and evil and the ability to suppress urges.
14. This philosophy finds ethical worth in the act itself rather than the result it leads to.
15. This empowers the person to make correct alternatives from the point of view of a
flourishing life.
16. This suggests that all behavior is the result of the genetic or biological factors and
places little emphasis on social interaction.
17. This moral thought suggests it may be best to elect the choice that will yield the
minimum quantity of detriment.
18. In the study of Joshua Greene, he discovered that this part of the brain plays an
important role in anxiety, and responses to a perceived harmful event, attack, or
threat to survival and among other emotive processes.
19. This moral thought advances that the most fitting act is the one that attains the
greatest good for the greatest number.
20. He defines the disposition to behave in the suitable way and as a mean between
extremes of vices.

IV. True or false

Direction: Determine correctness of the statement. Write True if it is correct, False if
otherwise.

1. Saint Thomas Aquinas believes that: “light of reason is placed by nature in every
man to guide him in his acts; to discern what is good and what is evil" such is light
is imprint on us, to see the good and evil” and calls this as eternal light.
2. The master principle of natural law: "good is to be done and evil pursued."
3. While natural law applied to all humans and was unchanging, human laws could
vary with time, place, and circumstance.
4. Aquinas defined human laws as "an ordinance of reason for the common good"
made and enforced by a ruler or government.
5. Creature’s inclinations towards what is good for human beings is a sharing in Gods
divine law.
6. Under natural law, the third inclination to the good that is specific to humans is
reason.
7. Human beings are able to understand God’s view of what is good for them
through the use human virtues.
8. Natural law is an eternal moral law revealed to all people through human nature.
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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

9. Human beings use the faculty of reason to recognize that we have natural instinct
that may be deviated according to our whims.
10. This first precept is natural law is perfectly described in this manner: “I value my life.
My life is like your life. Hence your life is valuable too. Then I should not kill you.
Hence, ‘do not kill is a natural law.”
11. Aquinas describe human laws as the ordinance of reason.
12. Eternal law is the rational governance of everything on the part of God as ruler of
the universe.
13. The way how God helps or leads human beings while doing our own activity is
through creating his creatures of basis goods to perform the actions that are good
for them.
14. Natural law is commonly described as “The participation in the eternal law by
human beings.’
15. Under natural law, the first inclination to the good that is common to all created
reality is to preserve and protect life.
16. There are four natural instincts that are shared by human beings with other
creatures.
17. Divine laws originated from eternal law as it appears historically to humans,
especially through revelation when it appears to human beings as divine
commands.
18. For St. Thomas Aquinas, the goal of human existence is (1) reunion and (2) eternal
law with God.
19. Man is the point of divergence between the corporeal and spiritual substances.
20. God created the world, remains constantly involved in it, created everything in
the most perfect manner and system and tempered human being’s will by
controlling its choices to what is in accordance to its instincts.
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University Vision
Transforming lives by educating for the best

University Mission
Cagayan State University is committed to transform the lives of people and communities through high quality instruction
and innovative research, development, production and extension

RECITATION
I. Multiple Choice
Direction: Identify the mean between two extremes by writing the corresponding
letter of your answer.

1. The mean between sloth (laziness) and greed (an intense selfish desire for
wealth):
a. temperance c. courage
b. ambition d. honesty
2. The mean between humility (humbleness) and pride (ego):
a. self-control c. modesty
b. friendship d. ambition
3. The mean between cowardice (fearfulness) and rashness (recklessness):
a. courage c. temperance
b. honesty d. generosity
4. The mean between miserliness (excessive desire to save money) and
extravagance (luxury):
a. self-control c. honesty
b. generosity d. temperance
5. The mean between quarrelsome (displaying eagerness to fight) and flattery
(excessive praise):
a. generosity c. modesty
b. friendship d. ambition
6. The mean between apathy (lack of emotion) and irritability (impatience):
a. composure c. generosity
b. friendship d. temperance
7. The mean between indecisiveness (hesitation) and impulsiveness (moodiness):
a. self-control c. honesty
b. modesty d. courage
8. The mean between secrecy (confidentiality) and loquacity (talkativeness):
a. friendship c. generosity
b. temperance d. honesty
9. The mean between self-indulgence (self-centeredness) and insensibility
(emotionlessness):
a. composure c. generosity
b. friendship d. temperance
10. The mean between moroseness (boredom) and absurdity
(foolishness/meaningless):
a. good humor c. modesty
b. courage d. temperance

Prepared by:

Reynard “arcie” P. Cacatian II

Subject Instructor