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Chemical Composition in A Cell: Learning Standard
Chemical Composition in A Cell: Learning Standard
LEARNING STANDARD
COMPOSITION IN A
Describe the properties of CELL
water molecule. WATER
NUCLEIC CARBOHY
ACIDS DRATES
Properties of water
and its importance
in a cell Specific Heat Capacity
PAGE 01
POLARITY OF WATER
• Inorganic compound: hydrogen
(H) and oxygen (O) elements.
• Water molecules
→ polar molecules
→ shared electrons between
oxygen & hydrogen → attracted
towards oxygen which is more
electronegative (δ–).
• This polarity produces hydrogen
bonds and allows water to act as a
universal solvent
• The universal solvent :
water allow solutes such as glucose
and electrolytes to be transported
through the plasma membranes
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SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF
WATER
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organisms.
Water adhesion refers to the ability of
water molecules to stick to another
surface
Water cohesion refers to the ability of
water molecules to stick to each other
Hydrogen bond
When the body sweats, the condensation of
sweat from the surface of our skin will use heat
energy from our body, which then cools our
Water is known as a polar molecule because body
oxygen atoms are more electronegative
compared to hydrogen atoms QUIZ
time
Which causes the electrons shared between
them to become more attracted to the oxygen
atom.
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Monosaccharides
Glucose
rice, wheat & fruits.
→ most commonly found
monosaccharide
→ most polysaccharides are
formed from glucose
Fructose
Source of energy & the basic structure of honey and sweet
some organisms. fruits.
Organic compounds Galactose
→elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and milk
oxygen (O)
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→ ratio 1:2:1
→(CH2O)n.
Monosaccharides
• Carbohydrate monomers →
simplest units.
• Combine to form polymers →
condensation reaction.
• Most taste sweet, form crystals and
dissolve in water.
• Reducing power → ability to transfer
hydrogen (or electron) to other
compounds. Reducing process.
• Monosaccharide heated in Benedict’s
solution, it will ↓ the blue copper (II)
sulphate to a brick red precipitate of
copper (I) oxide which is not soluble
in water.
• All monosaccharides give this
reaction it is AKA reducing sugars.
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Disaccharides
• Form when
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 + 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒
• Removal of a water molecule.
QUIZ
time
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• Polysaccharides
• Sugar polymers →monosaccharide
monomers.
• (𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒 +
𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒) 𝒉𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒅
𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
QUIZ
TIME
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Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar
because it cannot reduce copper
(II) sulphate to copper (I) oxide.
Monosaccharide, disaccharide and
polysaccharide
QUIZ
time
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THANK YOU