Part 1

Electricity
1) A 3-phase line has an impedance of (1+j3) Ω per phase. The line feeds a balanced delta-
connected load, which absorbs a total complex power of (12+j5) KVA. If the line voltage at
the load end has a magnitude of 240V, calculate the magnitude of the line voltage at the
source end and the source power factor. [37] [36]
2) Draw the connection diagram for measuring 3- ϕ power using two wattmeters. [35] [32]
3) Why does a capacitor work on AC only? [35]
4) What is the phase voltage ratio between star and delta circuit? [35]
5) What is damping and how it can be minimized. [34]
6) State the relation between line voltage and phase voltage of a 3-ϕ Y-Y connected system.
[34]
7) To measure 3-ϕ power, two wattmeters in enough. Explain with vector diagram. [33]
8) In coil 6A current passes if 24V DC is supplied. To get the same AC current it needs 50 Hz
30V AC supply. Find the inductance and power factor. [33]
9) An RLC circuit is excited with i=I m cos wt . Find the expression of supply voltage. Also find
average power consumed by the circuit. [32]
10) Phase voltage of star connected alternator are Ea=220∠ 0 ° V, Eb=220∠ −120 ° V, Ec=220
∠+120 ° V. What is the phase sequence of the system? [31]
11) Find relation between line and phase currents in 3-ϕ balanced circuit. [30]
12) Short note:
i) Power factor [35]
Electronics
Semiconductor Diodes
1) Explain how a crystal diode (i.e. pn junction diode) works as a rectifier. [37]
2) With neat diagram explain the working principle of a full wave bridge rectifier and discuss
its advantage. [36]
3) With neat diagram, explain the functional operation of a full wave rectifier. [34] [30] [29]
4) Define:
i) PIV [34]
ii) Ripple factor [34]
iii) Voltage regulation [34]
iv) Filtering in a full wave rectifier [34]
5) Explain how a dc power supply can be made from ac source. [37]
6) Explain how zener diode stabilizes the voltage of a circuit. [37] [33]
7) Short note:
i) Zener diode [28]
8) Describe the construction, operation and use of LED. [30]
9) For the circuit bellow, determine V L, VR, IZ and PZ for RL= 1.2KΩ. [36]

10) Sketch the output voltage as function of time (V vs. t) in the following diode circuit for given
input voltage Vi: [35]

11) A half wave rectifier uses a transformer having turns ratio 2.1. The load resistance is 500 Ω.
If primary voltage is 230V (RMS). Find DC output voltage and PIV. [28]
BJT
1) Define fermi level in semiconductor. Draw the energy band diagram of a pnp transistor in
unbiased case. [36]
2) Draw the characteristic curves of an NPN BJT and describe cut-off, active and saturation
mode of operation. [34] [31]
3) Stablish relation among IC, IB and IE of a NPN transistor. [33]
4) Draw the CE configuration with a PNP transistor. [32]
5) Explain How BJT works as a switch. [37] [33] [29]
6) Draw the signal hybrid model of a BJT. [37]
7) The operating point (q-point) of the following BJT circuit is to be fixed at 5mA, 5V. Find the
suitable values of RB and RC. Common base current gain factor of the BJT is 0.98. [36] [35]
8) Determine IC, RC and RB from the circuit given bellow:[31]

FET
1) Explain Brief the principle of operation of an FET and its characteristics. [34]
2) What is the significant difference between the construction of an enhancement type
MOSFET and depletion type MOSFET? [37]
3) Briefly describe the basic operation of an enhancement type MOSFET. [37]
4) With neat diagrams explain how MOSFET works as a switch. [36] [35] [29]
5) Write down the Threshold voltage equation of an MOS. [35]
6) How JFET differs from a MOSFET in respect of operation? [34]
7) Define the parameters gm, rd and μ of an FET and show that μ=gmrd [34]
8) Draw an NMOS common source amplifier. [31]
9) Show the small signal model of a common gate MOSFET amplifier. [31]
10) Draw the transfer characteristic curve for an n-channel Depletion type MOSFET and discuss
its two models of operation. [28]
Special Devices
1) What are the application of SCR circuit? [37]
2) IGBT is a voltage controlled device. Why? [36]
3) Distinguish between SCR, TRIAC, IGBT and show their characteristic curves. [34]
4) Draw and explain the circuit diagram of a controlled rectifier (full wave) using SCR and
IGBT separately. [34]
5) What is the full meaning of UJT? Draw the characteristic curve of UJT and explain the
emitter current. [33]
6) What is TRIAC and how it can be used to control AC voltage? [33]
7) Draw the circuit diagrams of 3-ϕ uncontrolled and controlled bridge rectifiers and describe
their operation. [29]
8) Short notes:
i) TRIAC [36]
ii) NMOS and PMOS [36]
iii) 3-ϕ controlled rectifier [30]
Op Amps
1) What is an operational amplifier? State the characteristics of an op-amp? [34] [32]
2) For an op-amp, define CMRR, Slew Rate. [36]
3) Draw a non-inverting amplifier using an op-amp. [37]
4) Draw the circuit diagram for a differential amplifier by using a single operational amplifier
and also derive the voltage gain of the circuit. [34]
5) Explain how does an op-amp can be used:
i) An integrator [34] [32]
ii) A differentiator [34] [32]
iii) Differential amplifier [34]
3dθ2
6) Design an op-amp circuit with input θ1 and θ2 such type output θ0= 5 θ1+ [37]
dt
7) Draw the circuit diagram of a band pass filter using an operational amplifier. [34]
8) Find the output voltage of the following op-amp circuit:

9) Show that a loss pass filter can be used as an integrator. [31]

10) Short note:
i) Op-Amp [30]
ii) Integrator circuit using op-amp [28]
Power Amplifiers
1) Describe Class-A, Class-B and Class-C amplifier. [33]
Feedback Circuits
1) Describe the parts used in feedback amplifier. [30]
2) Explain with examples the use of negative and positive feedback. [30] [29]
3) Prove that gain decreases in negative feedback. [30]
4) Discuss the principle of feedback amplifier. [29]
5) Short note:
i) Feedback amplifiers [34]
ii) Voltage-series feedback [28]
Power Electronics
1) Mention different applications of buck, boost and cuk regulators. [36]
2) How will a converter be converted into an inverter? [35]
3) Write down the expression for average voltage output for step down and step up chopper.
[35]
Electrical Machine
Energy Conservation
1) Short note:
i) Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction [35]
DC Generator
1) Describe the condition for parallel operation for two generators. [37]
2) Prove that for a dc generator the efficiency will be maximum when variable loss is equal to
constant loss. [36]
3) Define commutation angle. [35]
4) Explain why parallel operation of shunt generators is stable but compound generator needs
equalizer connection. [33]
5) Describe the mechanisms of voltage control in a dc generator. [31]
DC Motor
1) Discuss the factors controlling the speed of a dc motor. [37]
2) A 250V dc shunt motor has armature resistance of 0.25Ω, on the load it takes an armature
current of 50A and runs at 750rpm. If the flux of motor is reduced by 10% without changing
load torque, find the new speed of the motor. [37]
3) What will happen if the Back EMF and the Terminal Voltage of a DC motor becomes equal.
[33]
4) For DC motor prove that: Electrical power converted into mechanical= Eb × Ia [33]
5) High starting torque is usually obtained using dc series motor. Explain. [31]
6) State the formula which depicts the factors controlling motor speed. Discuss different
methods of speed control of DC motors. [29] [28]
7) A 250V shunt motor takes an armature current of 20A when running at 1000rpm against full
load torque. The armature resistance is 0.5 Ω. Find the resistance that must be inserted in
series with armature to reduce the speed to 500 rpm at the same (full load) torque. [29]
8) A 4-pole 220V dc shunt motor has 540 lap wound conductor. It takes 32A from the supply
mains and develops output power of 5.6 KW. The field winding takes 1.0A. The armature
resistance is 0.9Ω and speed is 775rpm. Calculate the flux per pole and the shaft torque. [28]
9) Short notes:
i) Compound DC motor [37]
ii) Speed control of DC motor [36]
Transformer
1) Describe how the equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer can be found from the
following tests: [36] [35] [34] [32]
i) DC resistance test
ii) Voltage ratio test
iii) No load test
iv) Short circuit test
2) Mention Condition of parallel operation of two 3-ϕ transformer. [36] [30]
3) Two 2200/110V transformers are operated in parallel to share a load of 125KVA at PF 0.8
lagging. Transformers are rated: A: 100KVA; 0.9% resistance and 10% reactance and B:
50KVA, 1.0% resistance and 5% reactance. Find the load shared by each transformer. [36]
4) If P1 and P2 be the iron loss and copper loss respectively of a transformer on full load. Find
ratio of P1 and P2 such that maximum efficiency occurs at75% of full load. [35]
5) Why transformer rating is in KVA? [35]
6) A load of 500KVA at 0.8 power factor lagging is to be shared by two three phase
transformers T1 and T2 of equal ratings. If the equivalent delta impedance as referred to
secondary are (2+j6) Ω for T1 and (2+j5) Ω for T2, calculate the load supplied by each
transformer. [34] [29]
7) What is “Flashing the field”? [33]
8) What is All Day Efficiency of a transformer? Why it is used instead of Full Load Efficiency?
[33]
9) In a transformer why the primary current increase while a load is connected to the secondary
side? [33]
10) Explain how the equivalent resistance, inductance and impedance of a transformer is
measured. [33]
11) A single phase 100KVA 1000/100V transformer has equivalent impedance referred to
primary is 1-j2 Ω. Find the per unit impedance of the transformer. [32]
12) Short circuit test is carried out to estimate the copper loss. Explain reason. [31]
13) A 2000 KVA transformer A is connected in parallel with a 4000 KVA transformer B to
supply a 3-ϕ load of 5000 KVA at 0.8 pf lagging. Determine the KVA supplied by each
transformer assuming equal no load voltage. The percentage voltage drops in the winding at
their rated loads are as follows: Transformer A resistance 2% reactance 8%, transformer B
resistance 2% reactance 3%. [31]
14) Explain no-load and full-load tests of transformer. [30]
15) Draw exact equivalent circuit of a single phase transformer. [30]
16) Two single phase transformers with equal turns have impedance of (0.5+j3) Ω and (0.6+j10)
with respect to secondary. If they operate in parallel determine how they will share a total
load of 100 KW at a power factor of 0.85 lagging. [28]
Induction Motor
1) State how does the rotor of an induction motor (3-ϕ) rotate. [37]
2) Is it possible to operate an induction motor as asynchronous generator? Why? [35]
3) Explain the principle of operation of a 3- ϕ induction motor. [34]
4) How induction motor differs from synchronous motor? [34]
5) Derive the expression of starting torque of a three phase induction motor. [34]
6) Draw the torque-slip curve for different rotor resistances and explain the relationship of
starting torque with rotor resistance. [34]
7) The rotor of a 3-ϕ induction motor cannot rotate at synchronous speed. Explain. [31]
8) A 460V, 25hp, 50Hz, 4-pole, Y connected 3-ϕ induction motor has the following per phase
impedance referred to stator circuit: R1= 0.641 Ω, R2= 0.332 Ω, X1= 1.106 Ω, X2= 0.464 Ω,
Xm= 26.3 Ω. The core, Rotation and Friction loss amount is 1100W. Find speed, stator,
current, power factor and input power for slip of 2.2%. [30]
9) Short note:
i) Torque-speed characteristics of a 3- ϕ induction motors. [36] [35] [29]
ii) Slip [35]
iii) Single phase ac motor [34]
iv) No-load and Block rotor test of 3-ϕ induction motor. [28]
Synchronous Motor
1) Explain the power flow within a synchronous motor. [36]
2) Mention various applications of a synchronous motor. [34]
3) How 3- ϕ synchronous motor is used to improve power factor. [33]
4) What is the methods used to start a synchronous motor? Describe one of them. [33]
5) Explain hunting of a synchronous motor. [32]
6) Short note:
i) V-curves of a synchronous motor [34] [29]
ii) Synchronous motor [30]
iii) Operating principle of a synchronous motor [29] [28]
Alternators
1) How does an ac generator control VAR, voltage and power? [35]
2) State the conditions to be fulfilled for parallel operation of two alternators. [34]
3) A 100 KVA, 3000V, 50Hz, 3-ϕ star connected alternator has effective armature resistance of
0.2 Ω. The field current of 50A produces short circuit current of 200A and an open circuit
line voltage of 1000V. Calculate the full load voltage regulation at 0.8 power factor lagging.
[29]
4) Short note:
i) Effect of change of excitation of an alternator [28]
Digital Electronics
1) Implement the logic function by using only NAND gate. Y= A B+ A B [36]
2) Explain the principle of operation of an up-down counter. [36]
3) Construct a logic circuit using only NOR gates to realize the following Boolean expression:
Y=( A+ B+C ¿ (D E) . [35]
4) What is a CMOS inverter? Explain. [34]
5) Draw the circuit of a CMOS inverter and show the transfer curve (input vs. output). From the
transfer curve show the noise margin of the circuit. [31]
6) Draw the circuit diagram of a 4-bit bi-directional shift register with parallel load and explain
its operation. [28]
7) Short note:
i) CMOS inverter [36] [33]
ii) Ex-OR gate [35]