Chemical kinetics

Define Rate of a reaction

1 The rate of a reaction is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product in unit time
Define rate constant/specific reaction rate- The rate constant is defined as the rate of the reaction
2 when the concentration of the reactants is unity.
Define rate equation/rate law- The rate law (also known as the rate equation) for a chemical reaction
is an expression that provides a relationship between the rate of the reaction and the concentrations of
3 the reactants participating in it.
Define pseudo first order reactions- A Pseudo first-order reaction can be defined as a second-order or
bimolecular reaction that is made to behave like a first-order reaction. This reaction occurs when one
4 reacting material is present in large excess
Define Order of a reaction- The order of a reaction is the sum of powers of concentration of terms for
5 different reactants that appear in rate equation.
Define Molecularity of a reaction- The number of reacting species (atoms, ions or molecules) taking
6 part in an elementary reaction to bring about a chemical reaction is called molecularity of a reaction.
Elementary reactions are single step reactions. Molecularity and order of an elementary reac are same.
Differentiate instantaneous rate and the average rate of a chemical reaction
Instantaneous rate is obtained when we consider the rate at the smallest time interval
7 Average rate is obtained when we consider the rate over the entire range of time.
Write the expression to find the rate of the
reaction with respect to all reactants and products
8
9 Write the expression to find out k for zero order reaction.
10 Write the expression to find out t½ for zero order reaction.

11 Write the expression to find out k for first order reaction.

12 Write the expression to find out t½ for first order reaction.
13 Rate=k [A]½ [B]3/2 Find the order Order= ½ +3/2 = 2
14 The reaction X + Y  Z has zero order. What is the rate equation? Rate=k[X]0[Y]0
What is the rate determining step of the reaction? The rate determining step is the slowest step of a
15 chemical reaction that determines the speed of the overall reaction
State any one condition under which a bimolecular reaction may be kinetically of first order.
16 A bimolecular reaction can be kinetically 1st order when one of the reactants is taken in a large excess
The rate of the reaction in the remaining mixture is not affected when a portion is removed for
analysis. Explain. – Rate of the reaction is determined only by concentration not the amount. So the
17 rate doesn’t change if a portion is removed from the reaction mixture.
18 What is the order of radioactive disintegration reaction?- First order
Burning of carbon is highly exothermic but it does not burn on its own. Why?- Coal has to attain its
19 ignition temperature. Only then it will burn.
How does the value of rate constant vary with concentration?- For a particular reaction at particular
20 temperature, rate constant is constant and does not vary with concentration
Identify the reaction order from each of the following rate constants.
21 (i) k = 2.3 × 10–5 L mol–1 s–1 (ii) k = 3 × 10–4 s–1 (i) second order (ii) first order
22 Write the formula to find out the unit of nth order reaction. Ans: (mol L-1)1-ns-1
The conversion of molecules X to Y follows second order kinetics. If concentration of X is increased
to three times how will it affect the rate of formation of Y ?
23 Rate=k[X]2 New Rate = k[3X]2 = 9 times the original rate
For a particular reaction the rate law is Rate=k [A] [B]½. Can it be an elementary reaction?- No,
24 elementary reactions are not of fractional order(order cannot be in fraction)
 For a reaction 3A Products, if the concentration of A is increased by four times, the rate is doubled.
What will be the order of the reaction?
25 Rate=k[X]n 2 Rate = k[4X]n 2 = 4n n= ½
Why the rate of the chemical reaction does not remain uniform throughout the chemical reaction?
Is it possible to have a reaction with uniform rate?
Ans: It is because rate depends on concentration which changes with time.
26 Yes it is possible in case of zero order reaction
The rate law of a chemical reaction 2NO + O22NO2 the rate law is given by Rate = k [NO]2[ O2].
How will the rate of reaction change if the volume of the reaction vessel is reduced to ¼ of the
original value?

27
A first order reaction has rate constant of 10-2s-1. Calculate the half-life of the reaction.
28 t½ = 0.693/k = 0.693/10-2 = 0.693x 100 = 69.3 seconds
For the reaction R → P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03M to 0.02M in 25 minutes.
Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and seconds.
Rate = (0.03-0.02)/25= 4 x 10-4 mol L-1min-1
29 Rate = (0.03-0.02)/(25 x 60)= 6.674 x 10-6 mol L-1s-1
In a reaction, 2A → Products, the concentration of A decreases from 0.5 mol L–1 to 0.4 mol L–1 in 10
minutes. Calculate the rate during this interval?

30
The decomposition of NH3 on platinum surface is zero order reaction. What are the rates of
production of N2 and H2 if k = 2.5 × 10–4 mol–1 L s –1?

The rate constant of a first order reaction involving compound A was found to be 0.082 min-1. If the
initial concentration of A is 0.15 mol/L, how long will it take for the concentration to reduce to 0.03
mol/L

31
A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant, k =0.0005 min-1 . Find the half-life period of the
reaction
32 Half life period = 0.693/k as the unit is min-1. 0.693/0.0005=1386 min
Calculate the rate of the reaction if rate constant k= 5.1 x 10-3 L2mol-2s-1 when [A]
=0.01M and [B] =0.02 M
Rate = k[A]1[B]2 = 5.1 x 10-3 x 0.01 x 0.02 x0.02 =20.4 x 10-9 =2.04 x 10-8
33
 A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant, k = 5.5 × 10-14 s-1 . Find the half-life of the
reaction.
34 t½ = 0.693/k = 0.693/5.5 × 10-14 s-1 = 0.693/5.5 x 1014 s =0.126 x 1014 s = 1.26 x 1013

35 Rate will become four times

Show that in a first order reaction, time required for completion of 99.9% is 10 times of half-life (t1/2)
of the reaction.

or any relevant method

36
For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is twice the time required for
the completion of 90% of reaction.

37
A first order reaction takes 40 min for 30% decomposition. Calculate t½

38
The rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s–1. How much time will it take to reduce the initial
concentration of the reactant to its 1/16th value?

39
Calculate the half-life of a first order reaction from their rate constants given below: (i) 200 s–1 (ii) 2
min–1 (iii) 4 years–1

40
Consider a certain reaction A → Products with k = 2.0 × 10 –2s –1. Calculate the concentration of A
remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration of A is 1.0 mol L–1

41
42 Ans: 2n-m
Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according to the first order rate law,
with t1/2 = 3.00 hours. What fraction of sample of sucrose remains after 8 hours?

43

44

45
46

47 Ans: Second order

48 Unit of k1=mol L-1s-1 k2 = s-1

49

50 Rate = k[A][B] Order = 2 so units of k = L mol–1 s–1

First order
Zero order reaction First order Slope= k/2.303
Slope = -k Slope = -k

Enjoy chemistry.